2025版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习课时天天练22Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版选择性必修第二册

课时每天练(二十二)UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSⅠ.阅读理解A[2024·河北省衡水中学第三次素养评估]Likemanyotherfive­year­olds,JeanieLowofHouston,Texas,woulduseastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep­stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.Jeaniedecidedtomakeastoolattachedtothebathroomcabinetdoorunderthesink.Shecutaboardofwoodintotwopieces,eachabouttwofeetwideandonefootlong.Usingmetalhinges(铰链),Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,andthesecondpiecetothefirst.Thefirstpiecewassetjusthighenoughsothatwhenitswungouthorizontallyfromthecabinetdoor,thesecondpiecewouldswingdownfromthefirst,justtouchingtheground,andsoservingasasupportforthefirstpieceofthewood.Thiscreatedaconvenient,strongplatformforanypersontooshorttoreachthesink.Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets(磁铁).Jeaniecalledherinvention“theKiddieStool”．Jeanie'sKiddieStoolwonfirstplaceinherschool'scontest.Twoyearslater,itwasawardedfirstprizeagainatHouston'sfirstannualInventionFair.Asaresult,JeaniewasinvitedtomakeanumberofpublicappearanceswithherKiddieStool,andwasfeaturedonlocalTVaswellasinnewspapers.ManypeoplefoundthestoryoftheKiddieStoolinspiringbecauseitshowedthatwithapairofobservanteyes,anyonecanbeaninventor.1．Accordingtothepassage,whydidJeanieLowinventtheKiddieStool?A．Theoldstoolwasn'ttallenoughforher.B．Shewasinvitedtoenteraninventioncontest.C.Otherfive­year­oldshadproblemsreachingthesink.D．Theplasticstoolwasnotfirmandoftengotintheway.2．WhatisthedesignofJeanie'sKiddieStoollike?A．Theplatformissupportedbytwometalhinges.B．Thetwowoodenpiecesswingfromlefttoright.C．Thewoodenpiecesarekeptinplacebyhingesandmagnets.D．TheKiddieStoolwillswingoutonlywhenthecabinetdooropens.3．WhatarethecharacteristicsofJeanie'sKiddieStool?A．Steadyandconvenient.B．Fragileandsingle­use.C．Conventionalandportable.D．Foldableandrecyclable.4．Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A．Whatissuitableisthebest.B．Successcomesfromfailure.C．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.D.Geniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.B[2024·重庆高三教学质检]An89­year­oldman,ManfredSteiner,hasreachedagoalhespent20yearsworkingtowardandnearlyalifetimethinkingabout:earninghisPh.D.andnowheisaphysicist.Steinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswantedandbecauseheovercamehealthproblemsthatcouldhaveaffectedhisstudies.“ButImadeit,andthiswasthemostsatisfactorypointinmylife，”hesaid.Whenhewasyoung,SteinerwantedtobecomeaphysicistafterreadingaboutAlbertEinstein.Buthismotherandunclepersuadedhimthatstudyingmedicinewouldbeabetterchoice.Heearnedhismedicaldegreein1955andmovedtotheUSsoonafter.Steinerstudiedhematology(血液学)atTuftsUniversityandbiochemistryattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.HebecameafullprofessorandledthehematologysectionofthemedicalschoolatBrownUniversityfrom1985to1994.SteinerhelpedestablisharesearchprograminhematologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hedirectedthatprogramuntilheretiredfrommedicinein2000.Steinerfoundmedicalresearchpleasing,butitwasnotquitethesameashisinterestinphysics.“Itwassomethinglikeawishthatwasneverfulfilled,thatalwaysstuckinthebackofmyhead，”hesaid.Atage70,hestartedtakingundergraduateclasses.PhysicsprofessorBradMarstonwassurprisedwhenSteinerenteredhisquantummechanicsclass.ButhebecameSteiner'sadviserforhisdissertation(学位论文)afterrealizinghowseriousSteinerwasaboutthesubjectandhowhardheworked.“Hehaswrittenmanypapersinmedicalscience,morepapersthanI'vewritteninphysics，”Marstonsaid.“Onethingthat'sreallytrueaboutManfredisthatheperseveres.”AftertheuniversitypublishedastoryaboutSteineronitswebsite,peopleacrosstheUScontactedhimtoaskforadviceonhowtogoaftertheirdreamslaterinlife.Hisadviceis:Dowhatyoulovetodo.5．WhydidSteinervaluehisdegreeinphysics?A．Becauseitsolvedhishealthproblems.B．Becauseitwashislong­pursueddream.C．Becauseitmethismother'sexpectation.D．BecauseitwasinspiredbyAlbertEinstein.6．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Steiner'scontributionstoteaching.B．Steiner'sresearchesafterretirement.C．Steiner'sachievementsinhematology.D．Steiner'sperformancesatTuftsUniversity.7．WhatimpressedProfessorMarstonmostaboutSteiner?A．Histakingundergraduateclassesat70.B．Hiswritingmorepapersinphysics.C．Hisstickingtobecomingaphysicist.D．HisbeingarolemodelforAmericans.8．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSteiner?A．Activeandopen­minded.B．Enthusiasticandeasy­going.C．Intelligentandwarm­hearted.D．Perseverantandhard­working.[答题区]题号12345678答案Ⅱ.阅读七选五[2024·贵阳高三适应性考试]Nomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlife,thereisonegreatlawthatyouneedtoobeyinordertobesuccessful：Nooneelseisgoingtoprovidetheladder(梯子)ofsuccessforyou.__1__Fromthedayyouleaveyourparents'house,youareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyoumake.Ifyouwantabetterlife,youneedtomakebetterdecisions.__2__However，itdoesn'tchangeanything.Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyoumake.Takeresponsibilityforeverythinginyourlife.Evenifit'snotinyourdirectcontrol,youcanalwayschoosehowyourespond.__3__Ifyouchoosewhatisfunandeasyoverwhatisnecessary,youwillneverreachthelevelsofsuccessandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.That'sbecauseeverygreatvictoryrequiresgreatsacrifice.Ifsuccesswereeasy,everybodywouldbesuccessful.Thereisnothingthatyoucan'tachievewithhardwork.Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychangethroughsomemagicaleventinthefuture.__4__Yourlifechangesonlytotheextentthatyouchange.Nothingwilleverchangeifyoudon'tchangewhatyoudodaily.Agreatwaytoactivelycreateyourfutureistoaskyourself：IfIalreadyachievedmygoals,howwouldIactonadailybasis？WhatbookswouldIread,howoftenwouldIworkout,andhowwouldIspendmytimeattheoffice?__5__A．Butthatisnotthecase.B．Nooneelseisresponsibleforyourlife.C．Nowthesequestionsseemlikemagictoyou.D．Nothingelsecanbethedriveforyoursuccess.E.Onceyouanswerthesequestions,youknowwhattodo.F．Thebiggestenemytosuccessistakingthepathofleastresistance.G．Youcanblameotherpeopleforyourlackofhappinessalllifelong.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.语法填空[2024·泉州市中学毕业班质量监测(一)]Runningformorethan20，000kilometers,theGreatWallisahistoricallandmarkofunparalleledglory,butclimbing1.________ishardwork.Noteveryonehasthestrengthor2.________(determine)toclimbitstallstepsandsteepslopes(斜坡).Onlyahandfulmayhavethespecialskillsto3.________(physical)participateintherestorationofthisUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.However,arecently4.________(launch)WeChatminiprogramisallowingeveryhistoryenthusiasttobeaheroinavirtualworld,5.________onenotjustclimbstheGreatWall,butalsoprotectsit.TheGreatWallE­tour,co­producedbytheChinaFoundationForCulturalHeritageConservationandtheinternetgiantTencent,6.________(go)onlineonJune11tomarktheannual7.________(nation)CulturalandNaturalHeritageDay.Offeringanalmostsimulated(模拟的)experienceofclimbingtheGreatWallandhelpinginpreservationwork,theprogramhascreatedalotofenthusiastic8.________(response)inrecentweeksandwonalargefanbase.Thanks9.________cutting­edgedigitaltechnology,thevirtualmodelis“detailedtomillimeters”.Around50，000high­definitionpictureshavebeenused10.________(offer)userstheremarkableexperience.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________课时每天练(二十二)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲解并描述珍妮·洛独创“儿童凳子”的经过，来表明只要有一双擅长视察的眼睛，任何人都可以成为独创家。1．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“However,theplasticstep­stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.”可知，因为塑料凳子不牢固，常常碍事，所以珍妮·洛独创了儿童凳子。2．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据其次段可知，珍妮儿童凳子是把这些木块用铰链和磁铁固定在一起设计的。3．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据其次段可推知，珍妮儿童凳子的特点是稳定、便利。4．答案与解析：C推理推断题。依据第一段可知，珍妮是因为塑料踏脚凳不稳定，而有时又必需运用凳子，所以才独创了儿童凳子。说明需求是独创之母。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了斯坦纳在血液学领域成就斐然，但是他的幻想是做一名物理学家。他在70岁时学习本科课程，最终在89岁时获得物理学博士学位。他因此成了美国追求幻想者的榜样。5．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Steinervaluesthisdegreebecauseitiswhathealwayswanted”可知，斯坦纳重视他的物理学博士学位是因为这是他长期追求的幻想。6．答案与解析：C段落大意题。依据第四段内容可知，该段介绍了斯坦纳在血液学领域的过往和成就。7．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据第六段内容尤其是“Hehaswritten...heperseveres.”可知，给物理学教授布拉德·马斯顿留下最深刻印象的是他坚持不懈地要成为物理学家这件事。8．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据第六段中的“howhardheworked”以及“thatheperseveres”可知，斯坦纳很刻苦并且坚持不懈地为幻想而努力。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文主要讲解并描述了胜利须要遵守的法则。1．答案与解析：B依据本段第一句可知，本段讲到了胜利须要遵守的法则，再结合空前句可知，B项与空前一句句式结构一样，意义连贯，符合语境，且B项中的responsible与下句中的responsible相呼应。2．答案与解析：G依据空后的“However,itdoesn'tchangeanything.”可推断，空处讲到的内容应是我们常常做但却没有任何意义、不能对自己的人生做出任何变更的行为。3．答案与解析：F空处是本段的主旨句，依据空后内容可知，胜利的道路从不简洁，选择好玩和简洁的道路而不是必需的道路不会通向胜利和华蜜。因此，胜利的最大敌人就是选择阻力最小的途径。4．答案与解析：A依据空前一句可知，人们常常认为他们的生活会因为将来的某个奇妙事务而突然变更；依据空后一句可知，你的生活只会随着你的变更而变更。前后句意相反，因此，空处应表示转折。5．答案与解析：E空前是问句，因此，空