中考英语二轮复习课件：专题十一+复合句

专题十一

复合句考点一

并列复合句常用连词（短语）含义示例and意为“和；而”，表并列、递进John

studies

hard,

and

he

always

helps

his

classmates

with

their

studies

as

well.约翰学习很努力，并且他也总是帮助同学们学习。常用连词（短语）含义示例but意为“但是”，表转折Mary

wanted

to

go

to

the

movies,

but

she

had

to

stay

at

home

and

finish

her

homework

first.玛丽想去看电影，但是她不得不先待在家里完成作业。续表常用连词（短语）含义示例or意为“否则；要不然”，表不做某事会有什么后果You

must

finish

your

chores

before

dinner,

or

you

won’t

be

allowed

to

watch

TV

tonight.你必须在晚饭前完成你的家务，否则你今晚将不被允许看电视。续表常用连词（短语）含义示例so意为“所以；因此”，表结果The

we，ather

was

very

hot,

so

we

decided

to

go

swimming

in

the

river

nearby.天气很热，所以我们决定去附近的河里游泳。not

only...but

also...意为“不仅……而且……”，表递进He

not

only

plays

the

piano

well

but

also

composes

his

own

music.他不仅钢琴弹得好，而且还自己作曲。续表常用连词（短语）含义示例either...or...意为“或者……或者……”，表选择You

can

either

take

the

bus

or

walk

to

the

park,

whichever

you

prefer.你可以乘公共汽车去公园，或者步行去，随你喜欢。neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……；两者都不”Neither

Tom

nor

his

brother

was

interested

in

playing

football.汤姆和他哥哥都对踢足球不感兴趣。续表(

)1.

Hurry

up,

______

you

will

miss

the

beginning

of

the

concert.BA.

so

B.

or

C.

and

D.

but(

)2.

Lisa

was

busy

taking

notes

______

Mark

was

giving

a

talk.DA.

if

B.

unless

C.

until

D.

while(

)3.

You

won’t

pass

the

PE

exam

successfully

______

you

exercise

every

day.BA.

if

B.

unless

C.

as

long

as

D.

until(

)4.

I

think

I

am

the

shyest

in

my

class.

What

should

I

do?—Be

more

active

in

class

______

you

can

improve

your

ability

to

express

yourself.BA.

or

B.

so

that

C.

unless

D.

although(

)5.

Let’s

wait

______

the

rain

stops.DA.

so

B.

while

C.

since

D.

until考点二

主从复合句一、宾语从句1.宾语从句充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2.宾语从句有三个要点：连接词、语序和时态。连接词用法示例that本身没有意义，只起连接作用，口语中可以省略She

said

that

she

would

come

to

the

party.她说她会来参加聚会。if/

whether

/

whether...or

not意为“是否”，不能省略I’m

not

sure

if

he

will

arrive

on

time.我不确定他是否会准时到达。连接词用法示例what,

which,

who,whose,

whom在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等，一般不能省略I

don’t

understand

what

you

mean

by

saying

that.我不明白你那样说是什么意思。Can

you

tell

me

who

called

while

I

was

out?你能告诉我我不在的时候谁打电话来了吗？续表连接词用法示例when,

where,

how,

why在从句中作状语，一般不能省略I

want

to

know

how

you

solved

the

problem.我想知道你是如何解决这个问题的。Can

you

explain

why

you

chose

this

path?你能解释一下你为什么选择这条路吗？续表【注意】（1）宾语从句必须使用陈述语序。I

have

no

idea

where

he

went

after

the

party.我不知道聚会后他去了哪里。（2）宾语从句的时态一般主句时态宾语从句原始时态宾语从句变化后时态示例过去时一般现在时一般过去时He

said

+

he

likes

apples.（原始）

→

He

said

that

he

liked

apples.（变化后）一般主句时态宾语从句原始时态宾语从句变化后时态示例一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时They

knew

+

he

has

finished

the

work.（原始）→

They

knew

that

he

had

finished

the

work.（变化后）一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时She

told

me

+

she

is

studying.（原始）→

She

told

me

that

she

was

studying.（变化后）续表一般主句时态宾语从句原始时态宾语从句变化后时态示例一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时I

thought

+

he

will

come

tomorrow.（原始）→

I

thought

that

he

would

come

tomorrow.（变化后）【注意】若宾语从句描述的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实、格言等，其时态仍然使用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。例如：The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

around

the

sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。续表二、状语从句1.时间状语从句从属连词用法示例when

“当……的时候”可以与短暂动词及延续性动词连用When

the

bell

rang,

all

the

students

rushed

out

of

the

classroom.当铃声响起时，所有的学生都冲出了教室。while

“当……的时候”只能与延续性动词或表示状态的动词连用While

I

was

studying,

my

mom

was

cooking

dinner

in

the

kitchen.当我正在学习的时候，我妈妈正在厨房做晚饭。从属连词用法示例as“随着；当……时”As

the

sun

was

setting,

the

sky

turned

orange

and

red.随着太阳落山，天空变成了橙色和红色。before“在……之前”You

should

finish

your

homework

before

you

watch

TV.你应该在看电视之前完成你的作业。续表从属连词用法示例after

“在……之后”After

dinner,

we

went

for

a

walk

in

the

park.晚饭后，我们去了公园散步。since“自从”通常与现在完成时连用I

have

learned

English

since

I

was

in

primary

school.自从上小学，我就学习英语了。续表从属连词用法示例till/

until直到……为止（与延续性动词连用）not...until...直到……才……I

waited

till/until

my

friend

arrived.我一直等到我的朋友到来。I

didn’t

go

to

bed

until

I

finished

my

homework.直到我做完作业我才上床睡觉。as

soon

as“一……就……”As

soon

as

I

heard

the

news,

I

called

my

family.我一听到这个消息，就给家人打了电话。续表2.条件状语从句从属连词用法示例if

“如果”主将从现主情从现主祈从现主现从现If

you

want

to

achieve

success,

you

must

work

hard.如果你想要成功，你必须努力工作。从属连词用法示例unless

“如果不；除非”=

if...not...I

won’t

go

to

the

party

unless

you

come

with

me.除非你和我一起去，否则我不会去参加聚会。as

long

as

“只要”As

long

as

you

have

a

dream,

you

should

pursue

it.只要你有梦想，你就应该去追求它。续表3.原因状语从句从属连词用法示例because“因为”回答why提问She

couldn’t

come

to

school

today

because

she

was

sick.因为她生病了，所以她今天不能来上学。since

“既然”Since

you

have

finished

your

homework,

why

don’t

we

go

out

and

play?既然你已经完成了作业，我们为什么不出去玩呢？as“由于；鉴于”As

it

was

raining

heavily,

we

decided

to

postpone

the

outdoor

activity.由于雨下得很大，我们决定推迟户外活动。4.目的状语从句从属连词用法示例so

that

“为了”She

studies

hard

so

that

she

can

get

into

a

good

university.她努力学习，以便能进入一所好的大学。in

order

that

“为了”He

saved

money

in

order

that

he

could

buy

a

new

bike.他存钱是为了能买一辆新自行车。5.结果状语从句从属连词用法示例so...

that

“如此……以至于……”so

+

形容词或副词The

music

was

so

loud

that

the

whole

neighborhood

could

hear

it.音乐如此大声，以至于整个街区都能听到它。such...that“如此……以至于……”such+名词或名词短语He

made

such

a

great

effort

that

everyone

was

impressed.他付出了如此巨大的努力，以至于每个人都留下了深刻印象。三、定语从句1.在主从复合句中修饰人或物的从句，叫定语从句。常位于被修饰词的后面。被修饰词叫先行词。定语从句中引导、连接先行词和从句，并在从句中充当一定成分的词语叫关系代词。The

book

that

I

borrowed

from

the

library

is

very

interesting.我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。解释：在这个句子中，“that”是关系代词，它代替了先行词“the

book”，并在定语从句中作宾语，“that”可以省略。指代对象关系词及用法示例物that/whichThis

is

the

book

that/which

I

recommended

to

you

last

week.这是上周我推荐给你的那本书。人who/that/whomThe

man

who/that

helped

me

fix

my

car

was

very

kind.那个帮我修车的人非常善良。I

know

the

person

whom

you

are

looking

for.我知道你正在找的那个人。所属关系whoseThe

student

whose

notebook

I

found

is

in

my

class.我找到他的笔记本的那个学生是我们班的。指代对象关系词及用法示例时间、地点、原因when,where,whyI

remember

the

day

when

we

graduated

from

high

school.我记得我们高中毕业的那一天。This

is

the

city

where

I

was

born

and

raised.这是我出生和长大的城市。The

reason

why

he

didn’t

come

to

the

party

is

still

unknown.他没来参加聚会的原因仍然未知。续表【辨析】1.定语从句中的情况：（1）先行词是不定代词，如everything,

anything等，或者先行词被all,any,

every等词修饰时，关系词只用that,不用which。例：I

don’t

want

to

eat

anything

that

is

spicy.我不想吃任何辣的东西。（2）当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，定语从句中的关系词只能用that，不能用which。例：The

first

book

that

I

read

was

about

space.我读的第一本书是关于太空的。（3）当先行词是并列结构，既包含人又包含物时，定语从句中的关系词只能用that，不能用which。例：The

teacher

and

the

books

that

he

recommended

were

very

helpful.他推荐的那位老师和书都非常有帮助。（4）当主句的主语中有疑问词who或which时，定语从句中的关系词只能用that，不能用which。例：Which

is

the

trees

that

you

saw

in

the

park?你在公园里看到的树是哪种？（5）当先行词被the

same修饰时，定语从句中的关系词只能用that，不能用which。例：This

is

the

same

dress

that

I

wore

to

the

party

last

year.这是我去年参加聚会时穿过的同一件衣服。（6）There

be句型中或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that，也可以省去，不能用which。例：There

is

some

bread

on

the

table

that

is

hot.桌子上有一些热的面包。（7）为避免与which重复使用时，只用that。例：The

company

released

a

new

machine

which

has

better

performance

that

is

considered

as

the

best

so

far.这个公司发布了一款拥有更好性能的新机器，这种性能目前被认为是最好的。2.定语从句先行词是物，关系词只用which，不用that的情况：（1）当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which。例：The

prize

for

which

he

worked

so

hard

was

a

new

computer.他为了那个奖而如此努力工作，那个奖是一台新电脑。（2）在非限制性定语从句中，指物时用which。例：Bamboo

is

hollow,

which

makes

it

light.竹子是空心的，这使得它很轻。（3）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and

this

相似。例：He

succeeded

in

the

competition,

which

made

his

parents

very

happy.他在比赛中成功了，这使得他的父母非常高兴。3.定语从句中的先行词为人，关系词只能用who不能用that的情况：（1）当先行词是persons,

people,

those时，关系词用who。例：Those

who

are

for

my

plan,

please

put

up

your

hands.同意我的计划的人请举起你的手。（2）

当先行词是he,

one,

all,

any,

they等时，关系词用who。例：All

who

had

seen

this

film

were

moved.看过这部电影的人都被感动了。（3）

在非限制性定语从句中用who。例：I

want

him,

who

knows

some

English

and

French.

例：我要他，他知道一些英语和法语。（4）

在强调句中多用who，在口语中who可以省略。例：I

think

it

is

you

who

should

come

here

tomorrow.我认为明天应该来这儿的是你。4.定语从句中的先行词为人，关系词只能用that不用who的情况：（1）

当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。例：

She

is

not

the

woman

that

she

used

to

be.她已经不是过去的她了。（2）

避免重复。例：

Who

is

it

the

girl

that

often

comes

to

school

early?

常常早到校的那个女孩是谁？（3）

当先行词前面有指示代词same时，要用that。例：

That

is

the

same

woman

that

spoke

at

the

meeting

yesterday.那个与昨天在会议上讲话的是同一位女士。（4）

当先行词既有人，又有物时。例：

Let’s

talk

about

the

persons

and

the

things

that

we

can

remember.让我们谈论我们能够想起的人和事。（5）当先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词修饰时。例：

I

knew

her

father

for

the

simplest,

hardest

working

man

that

always

did

his

best.

我知道她的父亲是个最简朴、最努力工作的人，他总是尽他所能。(

)1.

You

should

turn

off

the

lights

______

you

leave

the

room.BA.

until

B.

before

C.

although

D.

so(

)2.

Mary

cut

her

knee

badly,

______

she

didn’t

cry.AA.

but

B.

as

C.

so

D.

since(

)3.

Our

country

will

be

much

better

for

everyone

in

future

______

we

all

do

something

to

help

now.AA.

if

B.

before

C.

so

that

D.

even

though(

)4.

Lei

Feng

is

a

great

person

______

sets

a

good

example

to

us.AA.

who

B.

which

C.

whose

D.

that(

)5.

He

showed

me

the

photos

______

he

took

at

his

graduation

ceremony.AA.

that

B.

who

C.

what

D.

whose一、单项选择1.

He

____

much

healthier

if

he

______

enough

exercise

in

his

free

time.A.

is;

take

B.

will

be;

takesC.

will

be;

take

D.

is;takesB(

)2.

(2024·武汉中考)The

saying

“Knowledge

starts

with

practice”

tells

us

______.BA.

what

is

knowledgeB.

how

we

can

get

knowledgeC.

why

is

practice

powerfulD.

when

we

should

start

practicing3.

(2024·滨州中考)—Nowadays,

many

children

fall

in

love

with

paper

cutting.—That’s

true.

It

can

____

express

their

own

fantastic

ideas

______

improve

their

hands-on

ability.A.

either;

or

B.

not;

butC.

not

only;

but

also

D.

neither;

norC(

)4.

(2024·乐山中考)—I’ll

never

forget

the

experiences

______

we

had

in

the

volunteer

work

last

summer.—Me

too.

The

3

days

were

meaningful

and

full

of

fun.CA.

when

B.

who

C.

that

D.

whose(

)5.

(2024·泸州中考)You

will

never

truly

understand

your

parents’

great

love

______

you

grow

up.AA.

until

B.

if

C.

since

D.

as(

)6.

(2024·泸州中考)A

true

friend

is

a

person

______

will

always

be

there

to

share

your

laughter

and

tears.CA.

what

B.

which

C.

who

D.

whom(

)7.

(2024·遂宁中考)Everything

is

possible

______

you

work

hard.CA.

as

much

as

B.

as

soon

as

C.

as

long

as

D.

as

far

as(

)8.

(2024·遂宁中考)—What

kind

of

movies

do

you

like

best?—I

like

the

movies

______

make

me

feel

happy

and

relaxed.BA.

what

B.

which

C.

who

D.

/(

)9.

(2021·安徽中考)—I’m

not

sure

______

my

suggestion

is

helpful

to

you.—It

certainly

is.

Every

little

bit

helps.CA.

why

B.

how

C.

whether

D.

where(

)10.

(2021·成都中考)—How

wonderful

the

school

concert

is!

I

wonder

______

our

school

will

hold

it

next

year.—Sure.

It’s

our

school

tradition!BA.

how

B.

if

C.

where

D.

how(

)11.

(2020

·安徽中考)—Could

you

tell

me

______

we

can

start

a

conversation

with

a

foreigner?—Talking

about

weather

is

a

good

choice.AA.

how

B.

why

C.

where

D.

when(

)12.

In

some

way,

success

depends

on

______

we

have

good

teamwork.BA.

that

B.

whether

C.

why

D.

how(

)13.

Mrs.

Wang

is

an

English

teacher

______

makes

her

classes

lively

and

interesting.BA.

which

B.

who

C.

what

D.

whose(

)14.

The

boys

______

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.BA.

which

B.

who

C.

whose

D.

whose(

)15.

Students

love

the

teachers

______

are

outgoing

and

humorous.AA.

who

B.

whom

C.

which

D.

whose(

)16.

Rome

is

an

ancient

city

______

is

full

of

places

of

interest.BA.

where

B.

which

C.

who

D.

what(

)17.

What

kind

of

music

do

you

like,

Linda?—I

like

music

______

I

can

dance

to.BA.

when

B.

that

C.

what

D.

who(

)18.

Jeff,

what

are

you

watching?—A

short

video

about

Zhang

Guimei

______

stories

move

me

deeply.CA.

who

B.

whom

C.

whose

D.

what(

)19.

What

kind

of

movies

do

you

like?—I

prefer

movies

______

me

something

to

think

about.CA.

whom

give

B.

who

gives

C.

which

give

D.

that

gives(

)20.

—Mum

is

too

busy

to

make

dinner

for

us.—Let’s

do

it

ourselves,

______

we

shouldn’t

depend

on

our

parents

too

much.BA.

so

B.

because

C.

but

D.

or(

)21.

—Which

kind

of

books

do

you

best?—I

like

books

______

are

about

science

and

technology.CA.

who

B.

whom

C.

which

D.

whose二、用适当的单词填空1.

_______

the

children

are

reading