Unit+3+The+Internet+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

Discovering

UsefulStructuresUnderline

and

compare

the

different

verb

forms.1.Jan's

life

has

been

greatly

improved

by

the

Internet.The

Internet

has

greatly

improved

Jan's

life.2.Much

hasbeen

written

about

the

wonders

oftheWorldWideWeb.People

have

written

much

about

the

wonders

of

the

World

Wide

Web.Leading

inTeading

inofthepresentperfectpassihe

foveceActive

have/has+v-edVerbPassive

have/has

been+v-edformvoirmL一.什么叫时态?在英,发生在不同时间的谓语动作或状态要用不语中同的谓语动词形式表示有时候,发生在同一时间的谓语动作或状态,由于说话者所强调的方面不同,也要用不同的谓语动词形式表示.这里所说的不同的谓语动词形式就是我们常说的不同的谓语时态.、时态跟时旧状语有关在1.一般现时(often/always/sometimes/usually/nOccasioallyeverymorning….)构成法:is/am/are,do/doeshildrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveCryquickly.Everydaysheisthelastto

leavetheoffice.4般过去时(一

often

/

always

/

occasionally

/5daysago/

last

week

/onJuly

1,1986…)

构成法：动词过去式

Often

I

did

not

see

Papa

until

the

evening.He

always

went

to

work

on

foot.I

was

born

in

July,1987..一般将来时(infuture/inthefuture/

from

nowon

/

Soon/

in

5years

/nextyear/in

the

22nd

century…)Infuture

,

we

'llpaymoreattention

totheprotectionof

our

environment.C“is/am/areto

+动be词back原形”homein

a

fewdays.或“is/am/are

going

t

o

+动词原形”)

构成法：will/shall

+动词原形

My

fatherwill2.354.过去将来时(Soon

/in

a

few

days/thenextweek….):would/should+动词原形构成法atJohntoldmethathewouldgobroadhenextday.haThegovernmentpromisedthelpwouldcomesoon.现在进行时(now/atthemoment/atpresen5.t..)构成法:is/am/are+动词现在分词Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.过去进行时6.(then/at0yesterdaymorning/thistday/atthattimeyestime...)构成法:was/were+动词现在分词yesterdayeveningWhatwereyoudoingthistime?ert67.将来进行时(thistmetomorrow/at8nextMonday/henyourplanelandsattheairprtofShanghai...)构成法:will/hallb+动词现在分词orhenyourplanelandsattheairpWtofShanghai,wellstillbesleepinwig.在完成时(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sinc8.现etheygotmarried/sofar/inthepast

fewdays/inthelast3

years/inrecentyears…)构成法

：has/have+动词过去分词Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheiverr.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenill

forseveralday.swoesi7Bythetime

Igraduatefromcollege,Ishall

have

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.构成法：had

+动词过去分词

Bysixo'clock,theyhadworkedtwelve

hours.

By

the

time

he

came

back,I

had

gone

to

bed.

构成法：will/shall

have+动词过去分词

9.过去完成时(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/

by2000/by

the

time

World

WarIIbroke

out/

afew

years

before...)

8When

hewoke

up,everythinghadchanged.

0.

将来完成时(by

the

end

of

this

year/by

the

time

Igraduatefromcollege.….)11.现在完成进行时(fortwohours/since5o'clockthis

morning…)构成法：has/have

been

+动词现在分词I

have

been

waiting

for

you

since

5

o'clock

thismorning.12.过去完成进行时(foralongtime/since

1999.…)

构成法：had

been+动词现在分词How

long

had

it

been

raining

before

you

shut

thewindow?9三.几种容易用错的时态用法比较

在英语实际应用中，并非都会出现前面提到的时间状语帮你决定谓语用什么时态.高考对谓语时态的考查主要是通过语境来进行的.下面我们来分析、比较几种容易用.

一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较Yesterdayafternoon,hepaintedmea

picturen(强调paint

这一动作过去已做过.即：画已画好.)1Yesterdayafternoon,hewas

painting

me

Now

I`mgoingtoseewhetherhe

hasfini

(强调paint这一动作过去在进行，但未交代a

picture.shed

it.是否已做完)10oils.Now

letmeshow

ittoyou.

错的时态，

……Whydidn'tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?A.took

B.

had

takenC.

was

takingD.was

goingto

take2.一般现在时与现在进行时用法比较Janewashesher

own

clothes.(

指通常衣服都是她自己洗)

Jane

is

washing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(强调暂时性，未完成，且未交代平时衣服是否自己洗)Themanageris

kindto

us

all.(指经理的一贯态度)The

manageris

beingkindtous

allnow.(强调暂时性态度，表示平时对我们大家并不善良)……Sorry,butI

C

a

bath.113.一般过去时与过去完成时用法比较客人们昨天已经离开上海.yesterdTheguestsleftShanghaiay.明left发生在昨(说天)他说客人们已经离开上海.HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(强调hadleft发生在said之前,即:过去的过去)stshadleftShanghaitAlltheguebyyeserday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就说明是在包括昨天在内的以前经陆已续“离开”)124.一般过去在完用较IhavelostOh,myGo

d

!I

ca

n'tgetin.mykey.Buton'tknowwhenandwhereIloIdstit.havelostlost/hadlost/mustlose造(前一个空用现在完成时强调

“丢失”对现在成的影响:则强丢没有找到,无法进门后一句

调“失”是在过去何时

地何发.

)时态替代四

.时状语从句和条件语从句中,要用一般时.

在间状代替将来时,:用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时替过去将来时,用现进行时代替将来进行时,用现代在在完成时代替将来完成时.13/时与现法比成时即的生的Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.whimt0tchTVunlehfi----Don'tallowassehasnishedhishomework.K.Ifheiswt

achingTVbuthas'nt

finishedh----Oisomework,I'll

turnofthehfTV.时间状语从句引导词:themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until条件状语从句引导词:itonce,incase,oncondionthat,if,unless,aslongas142.

nomatter加疑问词以及疑问词与ever构成的合成词引出的从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时.Wherever

you

go

,

you

will

geta

warmwelcome.3.有部分动词(主要是短暂性动作动词)可以用进行时代替将来时，即：用现在进行时代替一般将来时，用过去进行时

代替过去将来时.

(也可用将来时)Are

youdoinganythingspecialthisevening?=Areyougoing

to

do

anythingspecial

thisevening?I'mafraid

he

'sdying

soon.=I'm

afraid

he

'll

die

soon.I

was

told

that

she

was

leav=I

was

told

she

would

leaveing

for

New

York

the

next

day.for

New

York

the

next

day.15164.在以下短语后面的从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时：makesure,makecertain,s

eeto

it,be

sure等

.Pleaseseeto

itthatallthewindowsare

closedbefore

eavingthe

lab.5.凡是按预定时间表将要发生的动作也可用一般现在时代

替一般将来时，例如：汽车、火车、轮船、飞机、上下课等

.(也可用一般将来时)His

planetakes

off

at11:30.Let's

hurry

and

see

himoff.6

.含有always的谓语用现在进行时代替一般现在时，表示反感、反对、赞扬、欣赏等感情色彩.Sheisalways

throwing

her

things

around.He

isthe

cleverest

student

I

have

evertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehad

everseen.

五

.

两

个特

殊句型的

时

态

1.在先行词被形容词最高级修饰的定语从句中，要用完成

2.在先行词是

the

first/second

time的定语从句中，也要

完成时

.

This

is

the

third

time

I

have

visited

the

museum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.17时

.六.值得注意的两点

1.一般来说，只有延续性动作动词才有进行时态(包括现在

进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时

、过去完成进行时),如果短暂性动作动词、终止性动词和

状态动词用在进行时态中，则不表示动作正在进行，而是

表示将来或别的含义.Iwastoldthatshewas

leavingforNewYorkthe

next182.

只有延续性动作动词和状态动词才可以与表示一段时间

的状语(如：for

3

days,since

lastNovember)连用.

She

has

caught

a

bad

coldfor

a

couple

ofdays.

has

had

The

manager

is

beingkindtousall

now.(强调暂时性态度，表示平时对我们大家并不善良)

day.

七、A

possibleversion:Look

at

the

way

the

picture

has

been

paintedListentothe

way

the

song

has

been

writtenLook

at

the

way

the

film

has

been

madeNow

think

about

what

you

could

create.Look

at

the

way

the

needy

have

been

helpedLook

at

the

way

the

river

has

been

cleanedLook

at

the

way

the

tree

has

been

plantedNow

think

how

to

make

the

world

a

better

place.现在完成时的被动语态肯

定

句：主

语

+

have/has+been+v-ed+其

他

.否

定

句：主语+have

/has+not

+been+v-ed+其

他

.一

般疑问句：Have/Has+

主

语

+been+v-ed+

其

他

?

特殊疑问句：提问主语：特殊疑问词+have/has

+been+v-ed+其他?

提问其他：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?1.Fill

inthe

blanksaccordingtothegiveninformation.1.We

won't

start

the

work

until

all

the

preparations2.S

sp

pml

d

)l.et

has

been

made(make)into

at

least

ten

different

films

over

thepast

years.3.In

the

last

few

years

thousands

of

filmshave

been

produced

(produce)all

over

the

world.

4.Manybuildings

have

beepbuhujlince1980.meHaaRayaeeeekvaahhII.Changethesentences

intothe

presentperfectpassivevoice.1.Myfatherhasrepaired

theTVset.TheTVsethasbeenrepairedby

my

father.

2.The

teacher

has

borrowed

the

bicycle.Thebyciclehas

beenborrowed

by

the

teacher.

3.They

have

asked

him

some

questions.Hehasbeen

asked

some

questions

by

them.总结1.现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性的动

作，动作已完成并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓

语之间为被动关系。The

doorhasalready

been

locked.门早已经被锁上了。Ihave

been

employedat

thejob

since2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。2.基本构成现在完成时的被动语态的结构A

lot

of

money

has

been

spent为

hasto

pro/have

beentect

the

olddte。noW.笔钱来保护这座古庙。atered

lately.到目前为止已投入了大Thesetrees

havebeenw那些树最近已浇水。mplebyone现在完成时的被动语态的各种句3.式肯式语+have/hasbeendon定主e...否定式主语+have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/Has+主语+beendone.….?特殊疑问式特殊疑问词+have/has+语主+been0ne.….?Northern

Chinahas

beenswept

throughby

astrongcoldwind

recently.最近一股强冷空气横扫中国北方。「点津](1)若句子主语(2)用于现在完

far

,

by

now为第三人称单数成时的时间状语,

up

to

now

,

recently时，助动词要用ha

有：sincethe

n,

since,

lately,

alreadys。+

,

ye句