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英语介绍吐鲁番(说课)LasttimeallofusknewsomeinterestingthingsaboutTibet,todayIwanttotellyousomethingaboutmyhometown-TurpanLocatedintheeasternpartoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,Turpan,whichwascalledGaochanginancienttimes(from328ADto1275AD),isanimportantplaceontheSilkRoad.Turpanisanoldcitywithalonghistory.Traceshavebeenfoundofhumanslivingthere,datingasfarbackas6,000yearsago.ThecitywasknownasGushiintheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-24AD);andintheMingDynasty(1368-1644),itgotitsnameTurpan,whichmeans'thelowestplace'intheUygurlanguage.LyingintheTurpanBasin,theelevationofmostoftheplacesintheareaisbelow500meters(1,640feet).TurpanisthecitywiththelowestelevationinChina.Occupyinganareaof15,738squarekilometers(6,076.5squaremiles),TurpanCityPrefectureislocatedtothesoutheastofUrumqi,thecapitalcityofXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.ThecitybelongstoTurpanRegiontogetherwithShanshanCountyandTuokexunCounty.
Ithasapopulationof250,000,madeupof21differentnationalities.AmongthesetheUygursaccountforover70%ofthetotalnumber.Thecity,whichisalsoknownasHuoZhou(aplaceashotasfire),isthehottestplaceinChina.Theannualaveragetemperatureis14C(57.2F).Itisreckonedthatthereare152summerdaysonaverage,and28reallybroilingdayswiththetemperatureabove40C(104F).
Althoughthehightemperaturecanbeoppressivepeoplecanalsogetsomebenefitsfromit.Theabundantsunshinegivesthemelonsandgrapesidealconditionstogrow.Thefruithereiswidelyknownforitshighsugarcontent,especiallythegrapes.Turpanispraisedasthe'HometownofGrapes'andtheGrapeValleyisagoodplacetoenjoythegrapesofhundredsofvarieties.ThevalleyisaGrapeKingdomworthyofitsname.Outsideofthevineyards,youwillalsoseegrapevinesalongtheroadandaroundthehouseswithclustersofcrystal-likegrapeshangingonthedensevines.Youcantastethesweetgrapesafterpayingasmallfee..Recently,anewGrapeValleywasbuiltneartheoldone,butthenewlydevelopedoneisrathercommercial.TogetatasteoftheromanticfeelingofTurpan,itisbettertovisittheoldGrapeValley.Additionally,in2001,GrapeStreetwasbuiltonQingnianRoadinTurpan.Itis1.7kilometers(1.06miles)longand14meters(15.3yards)wideandthepillarsonbothsidesarefestoonedwithexuberantgrapevines.Visitorscangoforastrollunderthegrapevinestoenjoyacoolrespitefromthehotcityandtastethegrapesthere.Afterenjoyingthebeautifulvineyardsandthesweetgrapes,youcantrysomethingtotallydifferentatFlamingMountain-thehottestplaceinChina.Thesurfacetemperatureherecanreachover70C(158F).Withthescorchingsundirectlyoverhead,theredmountainrocksglowandtheairshimmersintheheat.Itlookslikeragingflames,sothemountaingotnamedFlamingMountain.Thehighesttemperatureinsummercanreach47.8C(118F),sobringplentyofsun-blockandwaterwhenyouvisit.LyingtothenorthoftheFlamingMountain,theBizaklikThousandBuddhaCavesisoneofthemostimportantBuddhagrottorelicsinXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.ItwasbuiltduringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties(386-589)andfor700years,itremainedtheBuddhistcenteroftheWesternRegions(theareaincludingwhatisnowXinjiangandpartsofCentralAsia).
NotfarfromBizaklikThousandBuddhaCavessitstheruinsoftheAncientCityofGaochang.TheancientcityofGaochangwasfirstbuiltin1BCandwasdestroyedbywarbytheendof13AD.ItisthelargestsetofancientcityruinseverfoundintheWesternRegions.Afterover2,000yearsofexposure,theoutlineoftheancientcitystillexists,andthecitywallstandsimposinglyatthefootoftheFlamingMountain.SixkilometersfromtheAncientCityofGaochangsittheAstana-KarakhojaAncientTombswhichwerethepubliccemeteryoftheancientGaochangresidents.TheAncientCityofJiaohe,situatedtothewestofTurpan,isanothersetofruinsfromanancientcityontheSilkRoad.JiaohewasthecapitaloftheformerGushiKingdom,whichwasfirstbuiltin60BCtothewestofTurpanCity.Ithasalonghistoryofabout2,300years.Itisthelargestandbestpreservedancientcitybuiltfromcompressdearthanywhereintheworld.Asearlyas1961,theAncientCityofJiaohewaslistedasthefirstgroupofKeyCulturalRelicsUnitsunderStateProtection.Whentravelingthere,besuretotakeplentyofdrinkingwaterasyouwillwalkforseveralkilometersondry,barrenland.
AydingkolLakeisatthebottomofthedeepestdepressioninChina'slandmass,knownasTurpanBasin(TulufanPendiinChinese).SituatedontheventralportionofTurpanBasin,theDesertBotanicalGardenisthelargestbotanicalgardeninChina.Itsaveragealtitudeis-80meters(-262feet).
OthersitestoseeincludetheKarezSystem,adelicateirrigationsystemdevisedbythesmartXinjiangpeople2,000
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