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TheInfinitive
动词不定式
2021/6/271
动词不定式的构成:肯定式:
to+动词原形否定式:
notto+动词原形
复合结构:
forsb.todo2021/6/272动词不定式的用法动词不定式可充当的句子成分:主语宾语定语表语状语宾语补足语
注:动词不定式不能作谓语
2021/6/273
A.不定式作主语(一定要带to,谓语动词要用单数)Toplayvideogameisfun.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.
不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语即动词不定式放在句末,构成固定句型。
2021/6/274Itis+n.(+forsb.)+todosth.
用于此句型的名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.
该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.
该句型意为“做某事对某人来说是……”。
不定式作主语的常用句型:2021/6/2751.It’scleverofyoutorefuseher.2.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.3.It‘sverykindofyoutohelpus.1.It‘snecessaryforyoutogiveupsmoking.
2.It‘seasyformetodothat.3.It‘sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.形容词为描述人的品质的词,使用of。(形容词修饰不定式时用介词for.形容词修饰逻辑主语时用介词of.
)good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,honest,careful,polite,wrong,bad,foolish,careless。forsb./ofsb.的区别用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。
1.It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.→Youarenice.
(通顺,所以应用of)
2.It’shardforhimtofinishtheprojectbyhimself
→Heishard.
(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for)2021/6/276不定式像名词一样,可以放在be动词后面。1.MywishistovisitLondonnextyear.2.Tom’sideaistogotoForestParktohaveapicnic.3.Theimportantthingistosavelives.4.Mywishistowriteagoodbookforchildren.5.Ourworkistobuildthehighway.6.MyjobistoteachEnglish.7.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.8.Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.B.不定式作表语one’swish/job/aim/goal/ambition/plan/dream/way/work/hope/duty/idea/suggestionistodo/be…2021/6/277(1)Ihopetobeadoctor.Shedecidedtomakeanothertry.Theyallwanttoseethefilm.Wehopetobebackhomeat6:00.(5)Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.常见的能跟带to不定式的动词及短语:want/wish/hope/decide/learn/plan/wouldlike/getreadytodo…C.不定式作宾语2021/6/278
e.g.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.
Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.
Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.
it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。sb.believe/think/consider/feel/make/find+it+adj.+todosth.2021/6/2791.Idon’tknowwheretogo.2.Hedidn’tknowwhattodo./howtodoit.3.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?4.Ican’tdecidewhichtochoose.5.Theteachershowedushowtouseacomputer.“疑问词+不定式”结构可以转换为从句形式1)Idon’tknowwhereIwillgo.2)Hedidn’tknowwhathewoulddo/howhecoulddoit.3)CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere.4)Ican’tdecidewhichIwillchoose.5)Theteachershowedushowwecoulduseacomputer.不定式与疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,作宾语2021/6/27101.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.2.Igotupearlytocatchthebus.3.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.5.Shewassurprisedtohearthenews.6.I’mgladtomeetyou.D.不定式作状语不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示目的、原因、结果等。表示目的表示原因表示结果2021/6/2711表示目的:
Hecameherejusttoaskmesomequestions.Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Hewenthometoseehismother.HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhim.为了强调表示目的的不定式结构,通常可以用inorder(not)to或soas(not)to(soasto不能放在句首)可以和sothat引导的目的状语从句转换。MrLigotupearlysoththecouldcatchtheearlybus.
→
MrLigotupearlysoas/inordertocatchtheearlybus.2021/6/2712表示结果:一般用在enoughto,too…to等结构中,可以和so…that引导的结果状语从句转换1.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththem.2.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.3.Shewastooexcitedtosayaword.Heransofastthathecaughtupwiththem.Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldn’tsayaword.2021/6/2713表示原因:be+adj(glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid.surprised等表情感的形容词后)+todosth.2021/6/2714下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,带to:ask/tell/order/want/invite/allow/like/warn/encourage/teachwouldlikesbtodo…1.Mymotheralwayslikesmetogetupearly.2.LucyoftenteachesmetolearnEnglish.3.Shedoesn’twanthertoattendthemeeting.4.Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary.
5.Sheaskedmetostaythere.
6.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.E.不定式作宾语补足语2021/6/2715下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号to:e.g.1.Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.2.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.3.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?学会记忆:作宾补不带to.一感:feel二听:hear,listento三使役/让:let,make,have五看:see,watch,lookat,observe,notice可带可不带to:help2021/6/2716总结:省to的不定式1)情态动词(除ought外,oughtto):2)使役动词let,have,make3)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。4)wouldrather,hadbetter5)Whydon’tyou…/whynot…:6)help可带to,也可不带to,helpsb.(to)dosth.7)hadbetter(not)8)Will/Wouldyouplease…?2021/6/27171.Ihavealotofhomework
todo.2.Doyouhaveanything
tosay?3.Myfatherhassomethingimportant
totellme.4.Wouldyoulikesomething
todrink?5.Hereisabookforyou
toread.6.Ihavenotime
totalkwithher.7.Heneedsaroom
tolivein.8.Hewasalwaysthelast
toleave.
9.Bettywasthefirst
toknowthetruth.10.Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.11.Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.
F.不定式作定语不定式作定语时,通常总是以短语的形式在句中出现的,因此作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。2021/6/2718不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时,如果不定式是不及物动词,它后面应加上相应的介词1.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.2.Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.3.Pleasepassmesomepapertowriteon.4.There’snothingforustoworryabout.5.Shehasanicepentowritewith.6.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolivein.2021/6/2719e.g.
Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作定语。thefirst,thelast,thenext,theonlytodosth2021/6/2720注意作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时,动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词,只保留to
。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).2021/6/2721Ex:1.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.2.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.3.Theworkyouhavetodonowistofinishitquickly.4.Wefoundahousetolivein.5.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.6.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater
aftertheoperation.
主语
宾语表语
定语
状语
宾补2021/6/2722不定式短语whatwhowhichhow+不定式whenwhere用于tell,teach,how,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand,explain之后,在句中作主语、宾语、表语。2021/6/2723作宾语Idon’tknowhowtodoit.wheretogo.whattosay.whentobegin.whichbustotake.2021/6/2724做主语Howtodoitisveryimportant.WheretogoWhattosayWhentobegin2021/6/2725作表语Thequestionishowtodoit.wheretogetit.whattosay.2021/6/2726
1.Thankyoufor
ussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.
Ioftendosome
onSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.
Theboy
JackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.
Itoftentakesmehalfanhour
home.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.
Don’tforget
hercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give2021/6/2727
6.Ithinkitisimportant
Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.
Thefunnystorymadeusall
hard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.
Ourteachertoldus
hardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked2021/6/27289.Couldyoutellme
thisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idon’tknow
next.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.
Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveit
thisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.
Remember
lastforclassagain.AA.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.
Mr.Smithaskedtheman
thequeue.A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump2021/6/272914.Whynot
withus?Yousee,it’svery
.A.
go;interestedB.go;interestingC.
togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.–Whatabout
tothecinematonight?--That’sagoodidea.I’dlike
withyou.A.
going;goingB.togo;togoC.
going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusy
readforthecomingentrancetests.A.
getB.togetC.gettingD.gets
2021/6/273017.We’veworkedfortwohours.Let’s
arest.A.
stoptohaveB.stophavingC.
tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.
Wouldyoumind
meafavour(恩惠)?
A.
doB.togoC.doingD.did19.
Mr.Wangaskedme
him.A.
helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.
PleasetellJimnot
lateagain.A.
toB.beC.tobeD.beto2021/6/273123.Pleasedon’tforget
tome,willyou?A.
towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywants
hisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy
,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.
tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing2021/6/2732
25.
It’saboutsixo’clock,Let’s—suppernow.A.
stophavingB.tostophavingC.
stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.We’dbetter—ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.
nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don’tplay24.
Motherdecided—Tomawayfromschool.A.
tokeepnotB.keepnotC.
nottokeepD.notkeep2021/6/2733A.
29.
Ioftenseethem—withsomeforeigners.A.
talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked30.
Hesayslifewon’
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