中考英语真题专题复习 短文填空 考点1 首字母填空（原卷版）

Page三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）专题32短文填空考点1首字母填空(2024中考真题）（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Longago,theearlypeopledidnotliveinhousesaswedotoday.Mostofthehomeswereincavesorshelters(遮蔽物)whichwerebuiltintrees.These‘homes’wereonlyusedastemporary(临时的)shelterstop1themfromthesun,therainandthewildanimalsintheforests.Menofthattimewerecalled‘cavepeople’.These‘cavepeople’usuallylivedinsmallgroupsandlifewasnote2forthem.Theyhadtomovefromplacetoplacetos3forfood.Theywouldhunt,fishorpickwildfruit.Whentheycouldn’tfinda4toeat,theywouldleavetofindanotherproperplace.Theirtoolswereverysimple.Theyateraw(生的)foodu5theylearnthowtomakeafire.Forclothing,theyusedonlythebark(树皮)oftreesortheskins(皮)ofanimalstoc6theirbodies.However,thelivesofthe‘cavepeople’changed.Theycollectedtheseeds(种子)ofwildplantsthatg7intheforests.Soontheylearnttoplantfruit,vegetablesandothercrops.Theyalsokeptcows,sheepandotherkindsoffarma8formilk,meatandskins.Theybecamef9andlivedinonlyonecertainarea.Theirgroupsbecamel10thanbeforeastheylivedmoresettled(固定的)lives.Theybuilthousesaslong-lastinghomes,andasaresult,villagesandtownsdevelopedquickly.The‘cavepeople’begantobecivilized(文明的).（2024·山东东营·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。Bearwasbusymakingpies.Whenhewokeupinspring,hewouldneedthem.“Ohno!”criedBear.“Theberries(莓)haverunout.Imustpicksomemore.”Bearwenttofindmoreberries.Hewalkedtillhisfootached,buthedidn’tfindanyberriesn11hishome.Sohedecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttolookforberries.Ashewalkedalong,hefeltveryh12.Hehadbeensobusycookingthathehadeatennothingallday.Asbewalked,BearmetbisfriendRaccoon.“Doyouhavesayberriesforme?”askedBear.“Sorry,butIcang13yousomeapples.”saidRaccoon.“Yourapplesaretoosour.”saidBear.SoonBearmetSquirrel.“Doyouhaveanyberriesforme?”askedBear.“No,”saidSquirrel.“ButIhavesomewalnuts(核桃).Youcanhavesome.”“Thankyou.”saidBear.“ButIdonotw14walnutsinmypies.Iwillkeepsearchingforberries.”Afteralotofeffort,Bearrealizedthattherewerenoberriesleft.Suddenly,snowbegantofall.Bearracedhome.Thenhejumpedintobed.B15hecouldnotsleep.Hewassohungry.“Ohdear.”saidBear.Iwillhavetoeatmypies.Butifso,Iwillhaven16forspring.Bearwastoohungrytoworryaboutit.Heateupallthepiesu17hefeltfullatlast.Soonhewasfastasleep.Bearsleptformanymonths.Springcame.Bearw18up.Hewasvery,veryhungry.Justthen,RaccoonandSquirrelcame.Theywereeachholdingapie.“Thosepiessmelldelicious.”saidBear.“Oh.Idon’tthinkyouwouldlikemysourapplepie.”saidRaccoon.“AndIamsureyouwouldn’tlikemywalnutpie.”saidSquirrel.WhenBearopenedhismouthtospeak,RaccoonputsomeapplepieinBear’sm19.“Yum,thisisgood!”criedBear.SquirrelgaveBearsomewalnutpie.“Wow,walnutpieisgreat,t20,”saidBear.“Aren’tyougladweeducatedyouaboutpies?”saidSquirrel.“Iam.”Bearsaid.“Mynextpieswillhavenewfillings(馅).”（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。Communityconnectsuswitheachother.Acommunityisap21wherepeoplelive,workandplaytogether.It’sjustlikeaschool,wheres22helpeachothertolearn.Peopleinacommunityh23oneanother,too.Peopleinacommunityhavedifferentskills.Theyoftenhelpneighborss24allkindsofproblems.Forexample,sometimespeopledonotfeelwell.Thed25andnurseswillmakethemfeelbetter.Therearealsosomeengineers.Theymayhelppeoplef26theirbrokenbicyclesorwashingmachines.Whenpeopledon’tknowwhattoweartoapartyorhowtodesigntheirhomes,theartistswillgivethemsomea27.Somecollegestudentsworkasvolunteersintheirs28time.Theyoftendosomecleaningfortheoldpeopleandhelpstudentswiththeirh29.Communityisnotabuildingoranorganization.Itislikeabigf30.Membersofacommunityhaveasenseoftrust,safetyandcaringforeachother.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Eventhoughmygrandfatherwasafarmer,mygrandmotherwouldironhisworkclotheseveryday.Grandmothermixedupherownstarch(淀粉浆)inaglassb31withametalcapthathadseveralholes.ShesprinkledGrandfather’sjeanswiththestarch,hungthemoverachairforafewminutes,andtheni32them.BecauseIwatchedherdothisthroughmychildhood,Ithoughteveryoldwomandidit.Butastheyearspassed,Ibegantoquestionthisp33.WhydidGrandfatherneedhisworkclothesironed?Mostdays,heneversawanyoneb34meandmaybeafewotherfarmers.Theclothesbecamedirtyinjustashorttime.WhydidGrandmothers35devotetimeandefforttoironingGrandfather’sclothesthatwererarelyseen?OnedaywhenIwasabout13,IaskedGrandmotheraboutit.ShetoldmeGrandfatherwasthemosthandsomemanintheworld.Laterthatday,Ilookedc36atGrandfather.Hesuredidn’tlooksohandsometome.Hewasshortandfatwithfalseteeth(假牙).LaterItoldhermythought.Shegavemeagirlishsmileandsaid,“Youjustaren’tlookingintherightlight,Cathy.Irememberwhenhehadr37teeth.HehasthemostbeautifuleyesIhaveeverseen.Theyaree38thesamecolorastheskyjustbeforethesungoesdown.Iwanttheworldtoseemyh39asthemostbeautifulman.Iwanthimtofeelbeautiful.Iironhisclotheseverydaybecauseforalltheseyears,hehasmademefeelbeautiful.”Theyearswenton,andIwatchedGrandmotherandGrandfathergrowoldtogether.Iwasprobably30whenIu40whatbeautyreallywas.ItwasGrandmotherironingGrandfather’sjeanswithstarchfromaglassbottle.(2023中考真题）（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。MyparentsgotArthur’sFamilyLaundromat(洗衣店)frommygrandfather.Itwasatruefamilybusiness.Myfather,mymotherandmyauntwereresponsiblefordifferentjobs.E1myretired(退休的)grandfatherhelpswiththecleaningnowandthen.MyfathersaidthatthemostimportantmachineintheLaundromatwasn’tthewashingmachine.Itwasthecoffeepotbythedoor.Thecoffeewasfreeandalmosteveryc2wouldhaveacupandchatwithmyfamilywhilewaitingfortheircleanclothes.Inthehoursa3schooloronweekends,itwasmyjobtokeepthecoffeepotfull.Atleasttentimeseachday,Iwouldcleanupthewetcoffeegrounds(咖啡渣),weigh40gofcoffeebeans,fillthepotwithwater,andturnonthecoffeemachine.Itwassuchab4jobthatIcouldhavedoneitinmysleep.Iremembercomplainingonebusyday.“W5dowehavetogiveawaycoffee?We’reaLaundromat,notacoffeeshop!”Isaidangrily.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehes6whathewasdoingtotalktome.Withapatientbutseriousexpressiononhisf7hespoke:“Son,peoplechooseourlaundromatb8weservethemlikefriends.Weofferthemacupofcoffee.Wechatwiththem,laughwiththemandconnectwiththem.Peopledon’tjustneedap9tocleantheirclothes.Theyneedfriendship.Thatiswhyyourjobisthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.”Myfather’swordshadtheexpectedeffect.Fromthenon,Idothejobmorec10.Afterall,Ihadthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。AlihasworkedandlivedinShandongProvinceforalmostsixyears.Whenhisfriendssuggestedg11toRizhaoforatwo-daytrip,thefirstthingsthatcameintohismindwereitsbeautifulbeachesandniceseafood.Rizhaocertainlygoesb12that!Itisalso“hometownofgreentea”innorthernChina.Rizhaol13inthesoutheastofShandongProvinceneartheYellowSea.Ithaspleasantweather,richsoil,andenoughsunlight.Allthesemakeits14forgrowinghigh-qualitygreentea.Alihadthechancetopicktealeavesforthefirsttimeinhislife.“ThisisthefirsttimeI’velearnedaboutChineseteaculture.It’sanewandexcitingexperienceforme.It’sfantastic!”Alisaidwithasmileonhisf15.（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。TodayisDuanwuJie,orDragonBoatFestival,oneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Chinesepeopler16thegreatpatrioticpoet(爱国诗人)QuYuanbyrowingdragonboatsandmakingzongzionthisday.Myvillageisfamousforitsgreatprotectionoftraditionalc17andwehavethebestdragonboatraceteamofthecity.Everyyear,villagersraiseourdragonboatsfromundertheriveraboutamonthbeforethefestival.Andthenitisc18cleanedandrepainted.Ourdragonboatisalready40yearsold.Madeofaspecialkindofwood,itisstillstrongenoughtol19foralongtime.Thisyear,myelderbrotherisacceptedintoourdragonboatraceteamasitsyoungestmember.He’sonly18,andI’msop20ofhim.（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“Quick,Tink,”Peterwhispers.“S1thewindow.ThenwhenWendycomesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b2heknowsit’ssaying,“Comeback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”PeterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec3bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere4.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo5forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn6.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow7.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd8anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanacomein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw9themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg10upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan（2023·天津·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Asmileshowsthatapersonishappy.Forexample,apersonmaysmilewhenheorsheisp11withsomeprogressinstudies.Orapersonmaysmileifafriendtellsafunnyjoke.Thereareothergoodr12tosmileoften.First,itise13tosmilethantoshowunhappiness.Infact,itonlytakes17muscles(肌肉)tosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.Sogivethemusclesinyourf14arestandsmile!Second,smilesarenice.Peoplemaytrytol15nicebyexercisingorwearingniceclothes.However,peopleoftensayasmileisthebestthingapersoncanwear.Thatisbecauseitiseasytobea16someonewhoissmilingandhappy.Almostnoonewantstostaywithsomeonewhoisalwaysunhappy.Third,smileshavepower(感染力).Bothsmilingandlaughingcaneasilyandquicklys17fromonepersontoanother.Ifonepersonsmiles,peoplearoundhimorherwanttosmile,too.Similarly,whenapersonlaughs,peopletend(往往会)tolaughwithhimorher.Ifapersoniss18,thebestthingtodoistoshareasmileoralaugh.Itistheeasiestwaytocheersomeoneup.F19,smilingandlaughingareverygoodforthebody.Eventhoughyouaresad,trysmiling.You’llfindthatitwillbedifficulttos20sadforverylong!（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarhas24solarterms(节气)inayear.AncientChinesepeoplecreatedthissystemtom21thechangeoftimebasedonthesun’sposition.Inancienttimes,thissystemguidedfarmingactivities.Itt22farmerswhattodoaccordingtothechangesintemperature.Today,24solartermsstillplayanimportantroleinChinesepeople’se23life.Theyremindpeopleofthechangesins24andtoeatsuitablefood.Thisancienttimesystemhasgainednewcharmnow.InBeijing2022WinterOlympics,thedirectorusedanewcountdown(倒计时)method,showing24solartermsinsteadofnumbers.Thiscreativemethodwasgreatlyp25bypeoplearoundtheworld.TheyareamazedbythewisdomofChinesepeople.(2022中考真题）（一）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___46___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___47___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___48___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___49___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac___50___toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline.（二）（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。ErieGreenhasalwayswonderedaboutthingsthatliveintheocean.Whenhewasy____46____,helovedtoswim.Helikedtowatchallkindsofunderwateranimalsandplantsthroughhismask(潜水面罩).Whenhegrewup,hewantedtol____47____fornewthingsintheocean.Today,Mr.Greenisamarineecologist(海洋生态学家).Hestudieshowunderwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostaya____48____.Mr.Greenstudiescoralreefs(珊瑚)inthePacificOcean.Acoralreefislikeabigunderwatert____49____.Thousandsofanimalsandplantslivethere.Theycompeteforfoodandspacethere.Asaresult,thebeautifulcoralreefsgeti____50____easily.Mr.Greenalsostudieshowpeople’sactionscanchangecoralreefs.Sometimespeoplepollutethewateroroverfish,sothew____51____thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged.Ifcoralreefsgethurt,manyanimalshavetofindnewhomes.Someanimals’n____52____droplow,andsomeanimalsjustdisappear.Mr.Greenwantstop____53____thisfromhappening.Mr.Greenbelievesthatalllivingthingsinacoralreefshouldbek____54____safe.“Underwaterecosystemsarelikeairplanes,”Mr.Greensays.“Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly.”“Totakebettercareofmarinehomes,wefirstmustk____55____them.Onlythroughthat,canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces.”Mr.Greensays.（三）（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。ErhuisoneofthemostimportantChineseinstruments.Ithasahistoryofo____51____1,000years.ItissaidthatErhudidnotgetitsnameu____52____thelateQingDynasty.Ithasbeenimprovedgraduallysinceitappeared.Itisalsoc____53____theChineseviolinbecauseitstoneisassoftandbrightastheviolin’s.Therearemanyw____54____piecesofmusicplayedbyErhu,suchasTheMoonReflectedontheEr-quanSpring.Youcangoande____55____thecharmofthem.Ihopeyou’lllovethem.（四）（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）TheGrandCanal（大运河）isaman-madewaterwaythatrunsnorthandsouthineasternChina.Datingback2,500yearsandstretching1,794kilometers,itisamongtheworld’soldestandl___51___canals.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumislocatedonthebankoftheancientGrandCanalinYangzhou,oneoftheeightc___52___inJiangsuprovincesittingalongtheGrandCanal.Themuseumo___53___itsdoorstothepubliconJune16,2021.Itcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters.Ithastwostructures:afour-storybuildinginthes___54___ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail,anda100-meter-tallTang-Dynasty-styletower.Themuseumhas11themedexhibitions（展览）.Theyaretellingtheh___55___oftheSui-TangGrandCanalbuiltduringtheSuiandTangDynasties（581-907）,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalandtheEastZhejiangCanal.Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractionsw___56___theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigation（灌溉）andfloodcontrol.The25.7-meter-long,8-meter-highancientBianRiversectionisc___57___bymanyasthe“treasureofthemuseum”.Sofar,themuseumhasover10,000exhibits（展品）,including20groupsoflargeones,makingitthebestcollectiontoshowthegrandnessofthecanalandh___58___peoplechangednature.Passingt___59___theexhibitionhallandintotheantiquated（老式的）streets,visitorscanseerestaurantsandshopsalongthestreet,asifwalkinginthewatervillageonthecanalduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumisdifferentfromalltheotherm____60____whicharethemedontheGrandCanalinChina.Whynotcomeandvisitityourself?（五）（2022·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。InthesmallvillagesofKenya(肯尼亚),Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.Butnoroadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenotuseful,s____46____librarybooksarriveonthebacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle(应付)thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian(图书管理员)w____47____tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180kilosofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowstheb____48____tothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelsc____49____backwithnewbooks.SomepeopleinthemountainsofnorthernThailand(泰国)getbooksinad____50____way.Their“l____51____”arecarriedbyelephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.Becausetheyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases(金属箱).Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatf____52____inthearea.Indonesia(印度尼西亚)hasitsowndifficulties.Thecountryhasover17,000islands.Mostpeoplet____53____byboatandtheyalsocarrytheirbooksbyboat.Alibraryboatholds(容纳)about500booksinboxes.Boxesofbooksareleftinvillagesandaretraded(交换)fornewbooksafewweeksl____54____.Forpeoplewholivefarandcan’tgettoalibrary,alibrarythatcomestothembringsmorethanbooks.Itbringsawholew_____55_____ofinformation.（六）（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。Whenpeoplemeetstrangers,theyoftenhavesmalltalks.Thesetalksareagoodwayforpeopletos____1____hello.Thetalkscovermanytopics,suchasweather,films,sports,TVshowso____2____thelatestnews.Butweshouldalwayskeepitinmindthatp____3____subjectsaboutmoney,age,andweightshouldbeavoided.Besides,it’sbettertoaskopen-endedquestions.Ifyouask,“Doyoulikeourcity?”Theymaysays____4____,“Yes”.Ifyouask,“Whatdoyouthinkofourcity?”Theywillhavemorefreedominanswering.Thistypeofquestionalsoshowsthatyouareinterestedinthem.Ifyouseeminterestedinw____5____peoplearesaying,theywillfeelmorecomfortabletalkingwithyou.（七）（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。TomanyyoungChinesepeople,PremierZhouEnlaiisknownasakeyfounderoftheNewChina.Butf____6____peopleknowheoncewroteamartialartsnovelcalledJinGuoYingXiong.Recently,aSinaWeibouserm____7____thisnovelwrittenbyZhoumorethanacentury