英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证

英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证学科知识与教学能力笔记(英语)一、语音考点(一)元音Vowels考点1：元音的舌位图我们先来看看英语单元音的舌位图(P70)。图的左方为口腔的前部，右方为其后部。竖线把舌头分成前中后三个部分；横线表示牙床的开合程度，图中的圆点表示元音音素发音时舌头抬得最高的那一部分在口腔中的位置。单元音可按发音时舌头前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三类：前元音，中元音，后元音(backvowels)。元音一般从四个方面进行描述：舌位(high,mid,low)，舌头最高部位的位置(front,central,back)，xx(long,short)或紧张度(tense,lax)，唇的开口度(rounded,unrounded)音标描述汇总：[i:]highfronttenseunroundedvowel[I]highfrontlaxunroundedvowel[u:]highbacktenseroundedvowel[o]即[u]highbacklaxroundedvowel[3：]或[e:]centraltenseunroundedvowel[e]centrallaxunroundedvowel[e]mid-highfrontlaxunroundedvowel[左]lowfrontlaxunroundedvowel[A]mid-lowbacklaxunroundedvowel[□:]mid-lowbacktenseroundedvowel[d]lowbacklaxroundedvowel[a:]lowbacktenseunroundedvowel考点2：专有名词基本元音CardinalVowels纯元音PureVowels/单元音MonophthongVowels滑元音Vowelsglides：Thereisanaudiblechangeofquality.——Ifasinglemovementofthetongueisinvolved,theglidesarecalled双元音Diphthongs如：[eI]frommid-lowfronttohighfront[aI] [oI][加[ao] [Ie][ee] [oe]略Adoublemovementproduces三元音Triphthong例如：towerxx[aoe]（二）辅音ConsonantsConsonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.Vowels元音：producedwithoutsuchobstructionsonoturbulenceoratotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.区别：thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.阻塞气流。英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证[[s]voicedpostalveolarfricative英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证[b]voicedbilabialstop[b]voicedbilabialstop考点1：Mannersofarticulation发音方式stops爆破音[p,b,t,d,k,g]nasal鼻音[m,n,g]fricative摩擦音[f,v,。，6,s,z,7,且h]、approximant近似音[w,r,j]、lateral边音[l]、affricate塞擦音[ts,dz,tr,dr]考点2：Placesofarticulation发音部位bilabial双唇音、labiodental唇齿、dental齿间、alveolar齿龈、postalveolar齿龈后、retroflex卷舌音、palatal硬腭、velar软腭、glottal声门[h].总结：[p]voicelessbilabialstop[t]voicelessalveolarstop[d]voicedalveolarstopvoicelessvelarstop[g]voicedvelarstop[m]bilabialnasalalveolarnasal[g]velarnasal[f] voicelesslabiodentalfricative[v]voicedlabiodentalfricative[B]voicelessdentalfricativevoiceddentalfricativevoicelessalveolarfricative[z] voicedalveolarfricativevoicelesspostalveolarfricative英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证英语学科知识与教学能力考点必背教师资格证[h]glottalfricative[t/]voicelesspostalveolaraffricate[ds]voicedpostalveolaraffricate[l]alveolarlateral[r]alveolarapproximant[w]bilabialapproximant[j]palatalapproximant（三）Assimilation同化现象：aprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallcharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.Nasalization鼻音化、capcanDentalization齿音、tenttenthVelarization软腭sincesinkVoicedfrication有声擦音fvoiceless无声擦音/—voiceless清音fivepast/hasto/haveto[h田ftu]areallinstancesAssimilation.isoftenusedsynonymouslywithcoarticulation协同发音Ifthesoundbecomesmorelikethefollowingsound,asinthecaseoflamb,itisknownasanticipatorycoarticulation（先期协同发音）.Ifthesoundshowstheinfluenceoftheprecedingsound,itisperseverativecoarticulation（后滞协同发音）,asisthecaseofmap.（四）SuprasegmentalFeatures超音段特征theaspectsofspeechthatinvolvemorethansinglesoundsegments.Theprincipalsuprasegmentalfeat