新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures夯基提能作业新人教版必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I'mnotsureabouthisabilitytocomplete(complete)thetaskalone.2．Tosolve(solve)theproblems,measuresmustbetakenrightaway.3．Morewindpowerstationswillspringuptomeet(meet)thedemandforcleanenergy.4．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetoget(get)up.5．IamwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishdubbingcontesttobeheld(hold)inourschool.6．TheGermangirlhastheabilitytolearn(learn)Chinesewell.7．Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch(catch)．8．Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatch(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.9．Totellthetruth,everyonethoughtshewasthemostsuitablewomantotake(take)thejob.10．TuYouyoubecamethefirstChinesescientisttowin(win)theNobelPrizeinMedicineⅡ.完成句子1．HeistheteachertoteachusEnglishnextterm.他是下学期教我们英语的老师。2．Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.我对这问题没什么可说的。3．Thewholefamilywenttobeachtospendtheirweekend.全家人去海滩度周末。4．Weshallbeveryhappytocooperatewithyouintheproject.我们将很兴奋在这个项目上与你合作。5．ThenextplanetoarriveisfromNewYork.下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。6．Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoandlasttoleavetheoffice.他总是第一个到办公室，最终一个离开。7．Thereareenoughchairsforthegueststositon.有足够的椅子给客人坐。8．Wearedelightedtoknowthatyou'regoingtovisitusnextmonth.很兴奋得知你下个月要来看我们。9．Theteaistoohottodrink.这茶太热了，不能喝。10．Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·湖北省问津联合体高一下质量检测)Withroundsofpioneeringspaceflightsthatcouldsetthestageforfuturespacetourism,itisworthlookingatwhatmightbeinvolvedforthehumanexplorationofMars,thoughit'slikelydecadesaway.Technologicalchallengesaside,aswecontinuetoexpandourexplorationofMars,thereisaquestion：Whatmightbethelessonsofpastvoyagesofdiscoverythatweshouldthinkabout?Humanexplorationhasledtomanyextraordinarynewdiscoveries,butithasalsoledtotheexploitationofresources.NotlongafterearlyEuropeansettlersarrivedatAmerica,theydeclaredtheirindependenceandcreatedtheconstitutionbywhichmodernAmericansocietyfunctions.However,thisdidnotpreventthesettlersfromreferringtonativepeopleassavagesandtakingawaytheirrightstoliberty,happiness,andevensurvival.NativeAmericanswerequicklykilledbywarsandnewdiseasesasthenewsettlersexpandedtheirland.Thenaturalenvironment,withwhichtheyhadestablishedaharmoniousrelationship,wassimilarlydestroyedbythesettlement.Marscertainlyhasanimpossibleenvironmentforhumanlife,butonMars,humanswillbetheinvasivespecies.WillourlandingonmarsbreaktheecosystemonMars?ItispossiblethatMarshasidealmineralsforfuturedevelopment.Butapartfromtechnologychallenges,willthemininghaveadisastrousenvironmentimpactonthisredneighbourasithasalreadyhadonEarth?Theachievementsofspaceexplorationarecertainlytobeapplauded.Thecontributionsoftherelatedresearchesonchemistry,medicineandmanyothersarepotentiallylimitless.However,aswelooktoexploringworldsbeyondourown,weneedtobeginnowtolookathistorytoconsiderhowbesttoengagewithdifferentlifeforms,culturesandenvironments.Wemaybecapableofwritingalaw,butwefirstneedtoclearourpotentialinvasiveimpactonanotherplanetthatmaybecompletelydefenseless.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白人类的探究带来了很多非凡的新发觉，但它也产生了一些负面影响，对此作者认为我们应当吸取过去的阅历教训，考虑对火星的探究会破坏火星生态系统的问题。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto？BA．ModernAmericansociety.B．Thecreationofconstitution.C．ThesettlementofEuropeans.D．Theexploitationofresources.解析：指代推断题。依据画线词上文“Notlongafter...functions.(早期的欧洲殖民者到达美洲后不久，他们宣布独立，并制定了现代美国社会运行所依据的宪法。)”以及下文“didnot...evensurvival”可知，虽然欧洲殖民者到达美洲后制定了宪法，但这并不能阻挡殖民者将土著人称为野蛮人，剥夺他们的自由、华蜜甚至生存权利。由此可推知，this指“宪法的制定”。故选B。2．What'stheauthor'sconcernabouttheexplorationofMars？CA．HumanscannotsurviveonMars.B．HumansmaybringnewdiseasestoMars.C．TheexplorationmaydestroyMars'ecosystem.D．TechnologychallengeswillmakeminingonMarshard.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Butapartfromtechnology...alreadyhadonEarth？(但是除了技术上的挑战，采矿是否会对这个红色邻居造成灾难性的环境影响，就像地球上已经造成的那样？)”可知，作者对火星探究的担忧是探究可能会破坏火星的生态系统。故选C。3．What'stheauthor'ssuggestionforfuturespaceexploring?DA．Makingrelevantlawsproperly.B．Conductingmorescientificresearches.C．Predictingitsimpactsonotherplanets.D．Learningfrompastexplorationexperiences.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Technologicalchallenges...thatweshouldthinkabout？”以及最终一段中的“However,aswelookto...environments.”可知，作者建议将来的太空探究借鉴以往的探究阅历。故选D。4．Whichcolumnisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?AA．Opinion. B．History.C．Technology. D．Environment.解析：推理推断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明白人类探究太空造成的影响，对此作者表达了自己的观点和建议。由此可推知，这篇文章最可能来自“观点”一栏。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2024·江苏省教化学会高一下学业水平测试)Ittookhumansthousandsofyearstounderstandourownplanet,andcenturiesto1.Aourneighboringplanets.Nowadays,newworldsarebeing2.Beveryweek.Uptothepresenttime,astronomershave3.Cmorethan370“exoplanets”—planetsorbiting(绕……运动)otherspacestars(恒星)otherthanoursun.Thereisa“hotSaturn(土星)”260light-yearsfromEarththatorbitsitsparentstarso4.Dthatayeartherelastslessthanthreedays.5.Banotherstar150light-yearsoutisaburning“hotJupiter(木星)，”whereupperatmosphere(大气层)isbeingburningtoformahugecomet-liketail.Astronomershavefoundanotherthree6.Corbitingapulsar(脉冲星)—theremainsofaoncehugestarshrinking(收缩)intoasmallatomicnucleus,the7.Dofacity.Someplanetshaveobviouslyfallenintotheirsuns.Othershavebeenthrownoutoftheir8.Ctobecome“floaters”thatfloatinthedarknessoftheuniverse.Amongallthese,scientistsareeagertofindaclueofthe9.A：planetsliketheEarth.Thatis,planetsorbitingtheirstarsatjusttherightdistance—neithertoohotnortoocold—to10.Dlifeasweknowit.Wehavenotyetfoundplanetsthatarequitelikeourown,11.Cbecausethey'reinconspicuous(不起眼的)．Toseeaplanetas12.Aandslimasoursamongthebrightnessofitsstarisliketryingtoseeafireflyinafireworksdisplay.13.Bbypushingtechnologytothe14.A,astronomersarerapidlyapproachingthedaywhentheycanfindanotherEarth.Andwhentheydo,theycanexamineitfor15.Doflife.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些“系外行星”以及人类为了找寻与地球相像的行星所做出的努力。1．A.explore B．separateC．forget D．defend解析：句意：人类花了数千年的时间才了解了我们自己的星球，并花了数百年的时间探究我们邻近的星球。故选A。2．A.revised B．discoveredC．saved D．created解析：依据上文“newworlds”可知，随着人类的不断探究，应当是有新的世界被发觉。故选B。3．A.travelled B．damagedC．recognized D．ignored解析：句意：到目前为止，天文学家已经识别了370多颗“系外行星”——围绕其他的太空恒星而不是太阳运行的行星。recognize“认出，识别”。故选C。4．A.slowly B．easilyC．wrongly D．rapidly解析：依据下文“ayeartherelastslessthanthreedays”可知，在那里一年的持续时间不到三天，由此可知，“热土星”绕其母星运行的速度是很快的。故选D。5．A.Removing B．CirclingC．Lighting D．Showing解析：句意：环绕150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”，在那里上层大气正在燃烧，形成一个巨大的彗星状尾巴。circle“转圈，环行”。故选B。6．A.stars B．moonsC．planets D．satellites解析：此处指天文学家还发觉了另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星。star“恒星”；moon“月亮”；planet“行星”；satellite“人造卫星”。故选C。7．A.type B．distanceC．power D．size解析：依据上文“aoncehugestar”可知，此处介绍的是恒星的大小。故选D。8．A.authorities B．speciesC．systems D．facilities解析：句意：其他行星则被赶出它们的系统，成为漂移在宇宙黑暗中的“漂移者”。authority“权力，权威”；species“物种”；system“体系，系统”；facility“设施”。故选C。9．A.familiar B．previousC．unknown D．distant解析：句意：在全部这些中，科学家们渴望找到一条熟识的线索：像地球这样的行星。familiar“熟识的”；previous“以前的”；unknown“未知的”；distant“遥远的”。故选A。10．A.hide B．discoverC．injure D．support解析：句意：也就是说，行星围绕恒星运行的距离恰到好处——既不太热也不太冷——足以支持我们所知道的生命。hide“隐藏”；discover“发觉”；injure“损害”；support“支持”。故选D。11．A.luckily B．instantlyC．probably D．officially解析：句意：我们还没有发觉与我们自己的行星特别相像的行星，很可能是因为它们不起眼。luckily“幸运的是”；instantly“马上”；probably“很可能”；officially“正式地”。故选C。12．A.small B．brightC．blue D．clear解析：句意：在光明的星光中看到一颗像我们这样小小的行星，就像试图在烟花表演中看到一只萤火虫。此处应用small，与后文的“slim”意义一样。故选A。13．A.And B．YetC．So D．Thus解析：上文说我们还没有发觉与我们自己的行星特别相像的行星，下文说天文学家正在快速接近找到另一个地球的那一天，由此可知，上下文为转折关系，应用连词“yet”。故选B。14．A.limits B．endsC．opposites D．beginnings解析：句意：然而，通过将技术推向极限，天文学家正在快速接近找到另一个地球的那一天。limit“限制，极限”；end“结尾”；opposite“对立面”；beginning“开端”。故选A。15．A.examples B．designsC．means D．signs解析：句意：当他们这样做时，他们可以检查它是否有生命迹象。sign“迹象”。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。BusyColombianslivinginacitycanbepressured.ButthereisaplaceforpeopletorelievestressinBogota.1.Sitting(sit)atthetopofMonserrateHill，eastofthecity,theplaceisaprotectedparkforhummingbirds.Theareacontainsaforestthathasturnedintoapeacefuland2.harmonious(harmony)worldforbothpeopleandbirds.Withthehummingbirdsflyingfromflowertoflower，somepeoplestudythemthroughbinoculars(双筒镜)and3.others(other)takepictureswithcamerasorphones.“Sometimesitdoesn'tseemrealbecauseweareclosetoacityofeightmillionresidents4.that/whogeneratenoiseeveryday，”saysCamiloCantor,acaretakerinthepark,whosejobistomixwaterandsugarandputitinbirdfeedersalonga300-meterpath.“Theparkis5.truly(true)specialplace,likeanoasis(绿洲)．Itisaplacewherepeoplecango6.toease(ease)stress，forgetabouttroublesandget7.abreakfrombusycitylife，”headded.Tenyearsagothehill8.wasdestroyed(destroy)，mercilesslyandcompletely，meaningtherewerenotreesleftonit.Butworkersbegantoreplantlocaltreesandflowerstobringtheforestback9.tolife.Presently，visitorstotheparkcanseeover100speciesofbirdsthere.Hummingbirdscan10.befound(find)onlyontheAmericancontinentandColombiaishometomanydifferentkinds.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章