（高考英语作文炼句）第17篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.通过公布考试结果和大肆赞扬最好的学生可以激发孩子的竞争本能,确保他们更加努力.虽然不公开考试成绩和淡化考试结果的重要性确实对减轻很多学生的压力有帮助,但这同时也淡化了好学生的成就感和努力的动力.Bymakingtestresultswidelyknownand

heapingpraiseon

(1.大肆赞扬)themostsuccessfulstudents,itispossibleto

tapinto

(2.激发)achild'scompetitiveinstinctandensurethattheystudyhard.Althoughkeepingtestresultssecretand

downplaying

(3.淡化)theirimportancecertainly

goesalongwaytowards

(4.对……有很大帮助)reducingthepressuremanystudentsfeel,italsodilutesthesatisfactionofthemostsuccessfulstudentsandreducestheincentivetotryhard.

1-heappraiseon

词典释义：[hi：p]

verb

transitive+adverborpreposition

Phrasal

Verbs

heapsthonsb

■togivesomeonea

lotofpraise/criticism,etc

对(某人)大加(赞扬、批评等)

•Hedealswellwithallthecriticism

heaped

onhim.对于针对他的一大堆批评,他应对得很好.

外刊例句：SincetheTlatlayaincident,MrPeñahascontinuedto

heappraiseon

thearmedforces,

despitewhatlooksatbestlikeasluggishinvestigation,atworstlikean

attemptedcover-up.

()Peña先生自Tlatlaya事故以来就一直赞誉该武装组织,尽管这次事故处理往好里说也不过是糟糕的调查,往坏里想这就是意图掩盖事故真相.

替换表达：praisinghighly

学生错误表达：(1)

heappraises

on点评：praise是不可数名词,不可以写成praises,这里应该改为heappraiseon

2-tapinto词典释义：tap3.

~(into)sth

tomakeuseofasourceofenergy,knowledge,etc.thatalreadyexists利用,开发,发掘(已有的资源、知识等)：

▪

[VN]

Weneedtotaptheexpertiseofthepeoplewealreadyhave.

我们需要利用我们现有人员的专业知识.

▪

[V]

Themovieseemstotapintoageneralsentimentalityaboutanimals.

这部电影似乎在激发人们对动物的普遍怜惜之情.

外刊例句：Miyazaki'sabilityto

tap

into

achild'sfeveredimagination,coupledwithhisrichlycolourful,

hand-drawnframes,havebeenrewardedwithalmostuniversalcriticalacclaim

inJapanandhugeearningsforhisStudioGhibli,nearTokyo.

()宫崎先生凭借其善于利用儿童奇思妙想的能力以及色彩斑斓的手工制作电影画面,在日本赢得了广大重要赞誉,也为其在东京附近的吉卜力工作室赚了不少钱.

替换表达：arouse

3-downplay

词典释义：downplay

●○○○○1.VERB

动词

对…轻描淡写;使轻视;贬低

If

you

downplay

afactorfeature,youtrytomakepeoplethinkthatitisless

importantorseriousthanitreallyis.

【语法信息】：Vn•Thegovernmentistryingto

downplaytheviolence.政府试图对暴力行为低调处理.•...to

downplay

thedangersofnuclearaccidents.对核事故的危险轻描淡写

外刊例句：Likedieselcarmakers,natural-gasproducersmakereduction

ofcarbon-dioxideemissionsabigselling-point,but

downplay

theeffectsofothergasestheyemit.()天然气汽车制造商与柴油汽车制造商一样,把减少二氧化碳气体排放作为主要卖点,而对其他气体的排放轻描淡写.

替换表达：de-emphasize/understate

学生错误表达：(1)

dilution点评：dilution是指"稀释,冲淡;股票跌价”,不可以用在指降低重要性.(2)

diminish/

weaken/reduce/decreaseimportance点评：这几个表达的含义都是"减小重要性”,而非"淡化重要性”(tostateordescribesomethinginawaythatmakesitseemless

important),两者有所区别.

4-goalongwaytowards

词典释义：63.PHRASE

短语

(对…)大有帮助;(对…)有很大作用

Ifyousaythatsomething

goesalongwaytowards

doingaparticularthing,youmeanthatitisanimportantfactor

inachievingthatthing.

【搭配模式】：Vinflects•Althoughbynomeansacure,itgoesalong

way

towardsmakingthepatient'slifemoretolerable.虽然并不能根治,但它对减轻病人的痛苦大有帮助.

外刊例句：TheBurmesegovernment'smainaimsremainedtheliftingof

westernsanctionsandconfirmationofitschairmanshipoftheAssociationof

South-EastAsianNations(Asean)in2014–whichwould

goalongwaytowards

normalisingthecountry'sinternational

position.

()缅甸政府的主要目标仍然是让西方世界撤销对其制裁,以及巩固其在2014年东盟的领导地位——这将有益于其国际地位的正常化.

替换表达：contributeenormouslytosth

Q：itispossibletotapintoachild'scompetitive

instinctandensurethattheystudyhard.前面是achild,后面是they,是不是不一致?为什么?

A：这样用是没问题的,因为儿童的性别未知,用they可以统一指代,当然这里改为itispossibletotapintoachild'scompetitiveinstinctand

ensurethatheorshestudieshard.也可以.可以参考朗文词典对此的说明：

Youcanuse

they,

them,and

their

torefertoasinglepersonwhenyoudonotwanttoshow

thatthepersonismaleorfemale.Peopledothisbecausetheywanttoavoid

suggestingthatthepersoncanonlybemale,orusinglongerexpressionssuch

as'heorshe','himorher'etc：

Ifanyonedoesn’tlikeit,theycanleave.

Whenafriendupsetsyou,doyoutellthem?

Someonehaslefttheircoatbehind.

Thisuseisacceptableandverycommoninspeech,andis

becomingmoreacceptableinwritingaswell.

However,somepeopleconsiderthisusetobeincorrect.You

cansometimesavoidtheproblembymakingthesubjectplural：

Ifpeopledon’tlikeit,theycanleave.

Whenfriendsupsetyou,doyoutellthem?

2.如果孩子们总被保护不受挫折感的影响,不管这种挫折感来自于教室、运动场还是其他地方,那么这种保护很难称得上是对成年世界的充分准备.现代就业市场竞争激烈,那些不能面对挫折的人很难有容身之地.Ifchildrenarealways

shieldedfrom

(1.被保护不受……的伤害)thefeelingoffailure,

whetheritbe

(2.不管)intheclassroom,sportsfieldorelsewhere,thenitishardlytheidealpreparationforadultlife.Themodernjobmarketishighlycompetitiveand

thereislittleroomfor(3.……很难有容身之地)thosewhostruggletodealwithsetbacks.

1-beshieldedfrom

词典释义：shield[ʃi：ld]

verb

transitive

■toprotectsomeone

orsomething

保护•Sheheldherhandabovehereyesto

shield

them

from

thesun.她把手搭在眼睛上方以遮挡太阳.•Theyareaccusedoftryingto

shield

the

General

from

USfederalinvestigators.他们被指控试图包庇将军,使其逃避美国联邦调查员的调查.

外刊例句：Itsbanksweresteady,itwasargued,inpartbecausethey

wereshieldedfrom

theferocious

competitionformarketsharethatpushedbankselsewhereintohazardous

loans.

()有人认为,该国银行之所以能稳定运行,部分源于它们受到保护,远离了那些使其他地区银行陷入恶性信贷问题的市场份额竞争.

替换表达：beprotectedfrom

2-whetheritbe

词典释义：whether...or

ESSENTIAL

■(usedtointroduce

twoormorepossibilities)itisnotimportantif

(用于引出两种或多种可能性)不管…还是…;或者…或者…•I'mgoing,

whether

shelikesitor

not.不管她高不高兴,我都要走.•Someone'sgottotellher,

whether

it'syou

orme.总得有人告诉她,不论是你还是我.•Let'sfaceit-you'regoingtobelate

whether

yougobybusortrain.让我们面对现实吧——不论你是乘公共汽车还是坐火车,都会迟到的.

外刊例句：Itisperfectlypossibletocarebothaboutthehuge

numbersofroughsleepersinManchesterandtheshortageoffive-starhotels

inthecity,hesays."Everycityhasnumerouschallenges,

whetheritbe

affordablehousing,

homelessness,increasingthestandardsofhospitality,orhavingworld-class

placestostay.”()同时关注曼切斯特大量的露宿人群问题和该城五星级酒店的短缺问题是完全可能的,他说,"每座城市都面临着无数挑战,比如解决市民住房问题、处理无家可归者、提高居住舒适度,或者是提供更多一流的住所等.”

替换表达：beitintheclassroom,sportsfieldorelsewhere

学生错误表达：(1)

nomatterit

isfrom点评：表达不准确,nomatter后面可以接how/what/where等引导的从句,但不可以直接说nomatterit

is…这里可以改为whetheritis…

3-thereislittleroomfor

词典释义：

noroomforsth

■Ifyousaythereisnoroomforafeelingortype

ofbehaviour,youmeanitisnotacceptable

无法容忍,不能容许•Inasmallcompanylike

this,thereisno

room

forlazystaff.在这样的小公司中,懒惰的员工是没有容身之地的.

外刊例句：BritainandSpainarelikelytobehurtparticularlyby

downturnsinhouseholdspendingasconsumersworryaboutcollapsinghouse

pricesandhighlevelsofdebt.InBritainandItaly

thereislittleroomfor

fiscaleasing.

()随着消费者对下滑的房价和大量的债务表示担忧,家庭消费在减少,这似乎将对英国和西班牙造成严重打击.而英国和意大利几乎没有减缓财政压力的余地.

替换表达：thereisnoroomfor/leavenoroomfor

学生错误表达：(1)

canhardly

haveplacetosettle点评：表达不准确,canhardly

haveaplacetosettle是指找不到可以栖身的地方,但原句子表达的是抽象意义上的"容身之地”,不能根据字面意思直译.

Q：thenitishardlytheidealpreparationforadultlife中hardly是什么用法?它平常是作副词用,这里后面跟的是名词.A：hardly在这里修饰的是is,而不是后面的名词theidealpreparation,类似的例子还有Dadatehardly

anything.爸爸几乎没吃什么东西.

Q：sportsfield可数,前面应该有冠词?A：这里是因为前面有intheclassroom而省略了冠词the,还原后是whetheritbeintheclassroom,(in

the)sportsfieldorelsewhere

Q：老师struggletodealwithsetbacks不是表积极意义努力去面对挫折吗?A：struggle是一个中性词,用在这里没问题.

Ifchildrenarealwaysshieldedfromthefeelingof

failure,whetheritbeintheclassroom,sportsfieldorelsewhere,thenit

ishardlytheidealpreparationforadultlife.

[分析]本句是一个主系表结构,其主干为itis

hardlytheidealpreparationforadultlife.Then之前的部分是一个由If引导的条件状语从句,这个条件状语从句是一个被动句,其主干为children

arealwaysshieldedfromthefeelingoffailure,其后是whether引导的让步状语从句.需要注意这里whetheritbe的用法,它采用了现在时虚拟语气(即不论什么人称,都使用了动词的原形),这种情况只出现在正式的语体中.例如：Afterall,alllivingcreatureslivebyfeedingonsomethingelse,

whetheritbeplantoranimal,deadoralive.(毕竟,一切活着的动物都是靠吃别的东西来生存的,不管这种东西是植物还是动物,是死的还是活的.)

3.通晓历史对于任何想认识世界的人来说都非常有必要,而且通晓历史还有助于创造一个见多识广且拥有全球意识的人口.很少有科目能有这么广阔的影响.Agoodunderstandingof(1.通晓)historyisessentialforanyonewishingtounderstandtheworldaroundthemanditcanhelpcreateapopulacethatismore

informed

(2.见多识广)and

globallyaware(3.拥有全球意识).Fewsubjectshavesuchabroadinfluence.

1-agoodunderstandingof

词典释义：understanding

●●●○○1.N-VAR

可变名词

了解;掌握;知识

Ifyouhavean

understandingof

something,you

knowhowitworksorknowwhatitmeans.

【搭配模式】：Nofn•Theyhavetohaveabasic

understanding

ofcomputersinordertousetheadvancedtechnology.要想利用先进技术,他们必须先对计算机有个基本的了解.

外刊例句：Forthat,amanagerneeds

agoodunderstandingof

themarketshiscompanytradesin;an

abilitytopickgoodstaff;aneyefordetail;plusamoderatewillingnessto

takerisks.

()管理人员要做到这样,得掌握公司针对的贸易市场、懂得挑选优秀员工、做事细心且敢于冒险.

替换表达：beingwellversedinsth

学生错误表达：(1)

Thoroughly

understanding点评：thoroughly是副词,understanding是名词,副词不可以用来修饰名词,这里可以改为a

thoroughunderstandingof…(2)

haveagood

grapeof点评：grape是"葡萄”,这里应该改为grasp(掌握,理解),haveagoodgraspof

something(对……有很好的理解)(3)

make

acquaintedwith点评：这里应该改为常见搭配be

acquaintedwithsomething(4)

Beinga...

enthusiast点评：bea…enthusiast是"成为……的爱好者”,与句子原意不符.

2-informed

词典释义：informedUK

[ɪn'fɔ：md]

US

[-'fɔ：rmd]

adjective

■havingalotofknowledgeorinformationaboutsomething

见多识广的;了解情况的•an

informed

choice/opinion有根据的选择／观点•Theschoolpromisedto

keep

parents

informed

about

thesituation.该学校保证让家长了解有关情况.•Elizabethisremarkably

well

-informed.伊莉莎白见多识广.

外刊例句：Itisnotpossiblewiththisdatatoidentifyclearly

whetherprovidingmoreinformationabouttheEUleadspeopletobemore

pro-EUoranti-EU,orwhetherhavingstrongviewsonthepositiveornegative

sideleadspeopletobebetter

informed.

()对于是否给大家提供更多关于欧盟的数据会让他们更支持欧盟,以及是否在报道中带有强烈的正面或负面态度会否让人们得到更多信息,想凭借数据来弄清楚这些问题是不可能的.

替换表达：knowledgeable

学生错误表达：(1)

know-all点评：know-all是一个贬义词,含义是"自以为无所不知的人(someonewhobehavesasiftheyknoweverything–usedtoshow

disapproval)”,用在这里不合适.(2)

sawtheworld点评：seetheworld是指"到过很多国家旅行”,侧重于"旅行”,与"见识”有所区别.

3-globallyaware

词典释义：awareUK

[ə'weər]

US

[-'wer]

adjective

[afterverb]■havingspecialinterestinorexperienceofsomethingand

soknowingwhatishappeninginthatsubjectatthepresenttime

有…意识的;有…觉悟的;有…知识的•tobeecologically/politically

aware有生态保护／政治意识•sexually

aware有性意识的

替换表达：globally-minded

外刊例句：HatchingDragons,a

Chinese-languagenurseryacrossthecityinBarbican,aimstoturntoddlers

into"globallyaware,globally

capable”citizens,saysCennJohn,itsfounder.

()孵化龙是家在巴比肯城的中文托儿所,其所有者塞恩·琼说,他们致力于培养幼儿成为具有"国际意识、国际能力”的公民.

学生错误表达：(1)

bearsworld-wide

awareness点评：搭配不当,awareness不能与动词bear搭配,world-wideawareness应该改为常见的说法globalawareness(2)

global

realization点评：realization是指"意识到;实现(计划或希望)”,globalrealization不能指"全球意识”.

Q：history作为学科要加冠词吗?A：history作为学科时是不可数名词,前面不用加冠词.

Q：全球意识,我的答案是globalconsciousness,consciousness前面要用名词来修饰吗?A：不用,consciousness本身已经是不可数名词了.

Q：想请问老师,"itcanhelpcreateapopulace”中populace可以替换成population吗?两个词有什么不同吗?A：populace可以替换为population,但populace会更为正式.

Q：感觉表影响会不会effect比influence好一些,因为以前有学过influence表示不好的影响.A：influence既可以表示积极的影响,也可以表示消极的影响.例如剑桥词典例句：Helen'sabad/goodinfluenceonhim.海伦对他有不良／好的影响.

Q：请问globalsenses表示全球意识是不是不太合适?A：globalsense这个用法很少见,建议使用常见说法be

globallyaware/minded

4.现代科技和娱乐通常被认为是孩子注意力持续时间下降的元凶.孩子从学校回家后有种类繁多的电视节目可以看和大量的电脑游戏可以玩.相比而言学校就必定显得枯燥了.此外,考虑到大部分孩子都有智能手机,这种刺激会无时不在,甚至在课堂上也是如此.Moderntechnologyandentertainmentisoftenlabelledas

aculpritfor(1.造成……的元凶)children'sdecliningattentionspans.Afterchildrengohomefromschooltheyhave

ahugeselectionof

(2.种类繁多的)televisiontowatchandcomputergamestoplay.Schoolinevitablyseemsdull

incomparison(3.相比之下).Furthermore,

nowthat

(4.既然)mostchildrenownsmartphones,thiskindofstimulationisavailableatalltimes,evenwheninclass.

1-aculpritfor

词典释义：culprit['kʌl.prɪt]

noun

countable

■someonewhohasdonesomethingwrong

过失者;责任人•Policehopethepublicwillhelpthemtofindthe

culprits.警方希望公众能协助他们抓到罪犯.■afactorsituationthatisthereasonforsomethingbad

happening

问题的起因;罪魁祸首•Childreninthiscountryaregettingmuchtoofat,and

sugarandsweetsarethemain

culprits.该国儿童过于肥胖,糖和甜食是罪魁祸首.

外刊例句：BellvillealsofingersRobertAltman'spenchantfor

overlappingdialogueas

aculpritfor

thepresentstateofaffairs-that,andnaturalism.

()贝拉·维拉也指责罗伯特·奥特曼对于重叠对白的嗜好,认为这导致了如今的问题,以及自然主义.(没找到上下文,只能按字面意思翻)

替换表达：beheldresponsible/accountablefor

学生错误表达：(1)

Thekiller/

murderof点评：表达不准确,thekiller

/murderof…一般表示"……的杀手/凶手”,在这里语气过重.(2)

maincourse点评：用词错误,course应该改为cause(3)

thevillainscausing点评：中式表达,没有thevillainscausing的说法.

2-ahugeselectionof

词典释义：selection3.Cusuallysingularagroupofthingsofa

particulartype,oftenofthingsthatareforsale供选购的同类物品;SYN

range

[+

of

]•awideselection

ofshellfish供选择的品种繁多的贝类

外刊例句：Thereisalso

ahuge

selectionof

compactdiscs,acaféandabistro.Thetrulyrevolutionary

thingaboutBordersisthat,withitscosyarmchairsandwell-informedstaff,

itactuallyencouragesshopperstobrowse.

()Borders有着大量供选购的软盘,并且提供咖啡和小吃,而且还有着昂贵的座椅和知识丰富的职员,但其最具革命性的还是,它真的鼓励顾客随意浏览.

替换表达：agreat/widevarietyof

3-incomparison

词典释义：comparison3.PHRASE

短语

与…相比;与…比较而言

Ifyousay,forexample,thatsomethingislargeorsmall

incomparisonwith

,incomparison

to,or

bycomparisonwith

somethingelse,youmeanthatitislargerorsmallerthantheotherthing.

【搭配模式】：oftPHRwith/ton•Isthehumanheartweakin

comparison

withtheotherorgans?...

与其他器官相比,人的心脏是不是很脆弱?

•Theamountofcarbondioxidereleasedbyhumanactivities

suchasburningcoalandoilissmallin

comparison...相比之下,人类活动燃烧煤、石油等所释放的二氧化碳要少一些.

•Thoseplacesaremodernby

comparison

withTresillian.与特西利安相比,那些地方很现代.

外刊例句：CitiessuchasBerlinhavegaineda