（高考英语作文炼句）第59篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE1数十年来,政府一直在尝试减少富人和穷人之间的差距,提升社会阶层的流动性.

Fordecades,thegovernmenthasbeentryingto

bridgethegulfbetween

(1.减少……之间的差距)thehavesandthehave-nots

(2.富人和穷人)inanattemptto

improvesocialmobility(3.提升社会阶层的流动性).

1-bridgethegulfbetween…and…减少……之间的差距

词典释义：bridgeBRINGTOGETHER

桥梁

■tomakethe

differenceordivisionbetweentwothingssmallerorlesssevere

减小…之间的差异•Wemust

bridge

thegap

betweenlabour

andmanagement.我们必须消除劳资双方的鸿沟.

gulfDIFFERENCE

不同

countableusuallysingular

■animportant

differencebetweentheideas,opinions,orsituationsoftwogroupsofpeople

不可逾越的鸿沟;巨大的差距;隔阂•Thereisawidening

gulf

between

the

middleclassesandthepoorestsectionsofsociety.中产阶级和社会最贫困阶层之间的贫富差距在日益加大.•Itishopedthatthepeaceplanwill

bridge

the

gulf

(=reducetheverylargedifference)

between

thegovernmentandthe

rebels.人们希望和平计划能够缩小政府和叛乱分子之间的分歧.

外刊例句：Inanattemptto

bridgethegulfbetween

publicandprivatehealthcare,the

governmenthasproposedintroducinganationalhealth-insurancescheme.()政府尝试缩窄公共医疗和私人医疗的差距,于是提议开展全国医疗保险计划.

替换表达：bridge/reduce/close/narrowthegapbetween…and…

学生错误表达：Narrowthe

distancebetween…and…点评：distance是指"(两个人之间的)疏远”,例如：Therewasstilladistancebetweenmeandmyfather.我和父亲之间仍然有些疏远.不可以用distance来指富人和穷人之间的差距.

2-富人和穷人thehavesandthehave-nots

词典释义：thehavesandhave-nots

■thepeoplewhoarenotpoorandthepeoplewhoarepoor

富人和穷人•Thegovernment'schangeofpolicyisintendedtoreduce

thegapbetweenthe

haves

andhave-notsinoursociety.政府改变政策,目的是缩小我们社会中富人与穷人的差距.

外刊例句：Whilearound$900m[£585m]areredistributed

totheteamseveryyear,thesystemkeepsgivingtoomuchto

thehaves

andtoolittleto

thehave-nots.()这些球队每年都可以重新分配得约9亿美元,在此制度影响下,富裕的球队更富,贫困的球队更穷.

替换表达：(the)richand(the)poor

3-提升社会阶层的流动性improvesocial

mobility

词典释义：mobilityUK

[məʊ'bɪl.ɪ.ti]

US

[moʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi]

noun

uncountable

slightly

formal

■theabilitytomovefreelyorbeeasilymoved

活动性,流动性•Someneckinjuriescausetotallossof

mobility

belowthepointofinjury.某些颈部损伤会导致受伤部位以下肢体完全丧失活动能力.•Ipreferthe

mobility

ofahand-heldcamera.我更喜欢手提摄像机的灵活性.socialmobility

UK

US

noun

[uncountable]

the

abilitytomoveeasilyfromalowersocialclasstoahigherone

外刊例句：And

theevidencesuggeststhatbothpolicieswillprobablyfailto

improvesocialmobility.()而且此证据指出：这两种政策都难以改善社会阶级流动性.

替换表达：enhance/increasesocialmobility

学生错误表达：(1)Social

fluidity点评：socialfluidity是指"社会的不稳定性”,不能用来社会阶层的流动性.(2)Social

liquidity点评：liquidity是指资产的流动性,例如：Thecompanymaintainsahighdegreeofliquidity.公司保持着很高的资产折现度.

2.在政治骚乱爆发的动荡时期,当地政府不得不采取紧急措施安抚公众.Inturbulenttimes

(1.在动荡时期)when

politicalriots

(2.政治骚乱)erupted,thenationalgovernmenthadtotakeemergencymeasuresto

appeasethepublic(3.安抚公众).

1-在动荡时期Inturbulenttimes

词典释义：turbulentUK

['tɜ：.bjʊ.lənt]

US

['tɝ：.bjə-]

adjective

SITUATION/TIME

情况／时间

■involvingalotofsuddenchanges,argumentsorviolence

骚乱的,骚动的;动荡的,混乱的•a

turbulent

marriage吵吵闹闹的婚姻•Thishasbeena

turbulent

weekforthegovernment.对政府来讲,这是动荡多事的一周.

timeHISTORICAL

PERIOD

历史时期

ADVANCED

countable

(also

times)

■aperiodin

history

历史时期;时代•CharlesDickens'novel"ATaleofTwoCities"is

setatthe

time

of

theFrenchRevolution.查理斯‧狄更斯的小说《双城记》是以法国大革命时期为背景的.•In/During

medieval

times,womenthoughttobewitcheswereburntatthe

stake.中世纪时期,人们把被认为是女巫的女人在火刑柱上烧死.•In

times

goneby,allcropswereharvestedbyhand.在过去的时代,所有农作物都是人手收割.•Times

were

hard

(=Theconditionsoflifewereuncomfortable)whenIwasaboy.我小时候日子很艰难.•Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthebestwritersof

modern/our

times

(=thepresentorveryrecentpast).人们普遍认为他是现代／我们这个时代最优秀的作家之一.•Ineverthoughtitwouldhappen

in

my

time

(=beforeIdied).我怎么也想不到这会在我有生之年发生.•Wesatandtalkedabout

old

times

(=

thingsthathadhappenedtousinthepast.)我们坐下来谈论往事.

外刊例句：Itaimstoinspireadiverse,global

commentaryonour

turbulenttimes,

interrogatingthewaysinwhichdesignaffectseveryaspectofourlives,and

influencesourfeelingsandexperiences.

()它志在鼓励我们去多元化且国际化地描绘此动荡时代,探寻设计是如何影响我们生活的各个方面,和影响我们的情感与经历的.

替换表达：yeastydays/tumultuoustimes

学生错误表达：Duringthe

turbulenttimes点评：times在这里是泛指,不能加the,这里要改为duringturbulenttimes

2-政治骚乱politicalriots

词典释义：riot['raɪ.ət]

noun

IMPROVER

countable

■anoisy,violent,anduncontrolledpublicmeeting

暴乱;骚乱;聚众闹事•Inner-city

riots

erupted

whenalocalman

wasshotbypolice.在市中心的贫民区,由于一名当地男子被员警开枪打死而突然引发了暴乱.

外刊例句：TheanimositybetweenMrsHasina'sBangladesh

NationalistpartyandMrsZia'sAwamiLeagueissuchthatdozensdiedin

politicalriots

lastyear.()海撒尼的孟加拉国家党和梓亚的世俗联盟极度仇恨对方,单去年的政治暴乱就有数十人因此而丧生.

替换表达：politicalturmoil/tumult/unrest

学生错误表达：Politicalsedition点评：sedition是指"煽动反政府的言论(或文章、行为)”,例如：Governmentofficialschargedhimwithsedition.政府官员指控他煽动人们造反.sedition用来这里不妥.

3-安抚公众appeasethepublic

词典释义：appease

[ə'pi：z]

formal

disapproving

verb

transitive

■topreventfurtherdisagreementinargumentsorwarby

givingtotheothersideanadvantagethattheyhavedemanded

平息;抚慰;绥靖;姑息•Sheclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw

inorderto

appease

theircritics.她称政府修改法律仅仅是为了安抚那些批评政府的人.

thepublic

ESSENTIAL

■allordinary

people

公众,大众•The

public

hasarighttoknowaboutthis.大众有权知道这件事.•Thepalaceanditsgroundsare

opento

the

public

(=peoplecanvisit)duringthesummermonths.在夏天的几个月里,这座宫殿及其庭院向大众开放.•Whenwilltheproductbeavailabletothe

general

public

(=allordinarypeople)?普通大众甚么时候能买到这种产品?•Membersof

the

public

wereaskedabouttheirshoppinghabits.一些民众被问到他们的购物习惯.

外刊例句：EvenOliverLetwin,oneofausterity’skey

architectsandadevoutThatcherite,saysministersmustconsidertaxrises

andloosenpublicspendingto

appease

thepublicmood.

()奥利弗是紧缩政策的主要策划者,而且是坚定的撒切尔主义者,但连他都说,各部长必须考虑提高税收、加大公共服务投入,从而安抚大众情绪.

替换表达：pacify/reassurethepublic

3.政府不能被短期利益所蒙蔽,而要把大众的长远福利放在首位.

Thegovernmentshould

putahighpriorityon

(1.将……放在首位)people’slong-termwelfare,ratherthan

beingblindedby(2.被……蒙蔽)

short-terminterests(3.短期利益).

1-将……放在首位putahighpriority

on

词典释义：priorityUK

[praɪ'ɒr.ɪ.ti]

US

[-'ɔ：r.ə.tˌi]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisveryimportantandmustbedealtwith

beforeotherthings

优先考虑的事•Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetyto

bea

priority.管理部门似乎并不认为应该优先考虑办公室安全问题.•My

first/top

priority

istofindsomewhere

tolive.我首先要考虑的是找个地方住.•Youhavetolearnto

get

your

priorities

right/straight

(=decidewhicharethemostimportantjobsorproblemsanddealwiththem

first).你必须学会先处理最重要的事.•Mendingthelightsisa

priority

task(=more

importantthanotherjobs).修灯这个任务更重要.•Banksnormally

give

priority

to

large

businesseswhendecidingonloans(=Theydealwiththemfirstbecausethey

considerthemmostimportant).银行在发放贷款时通常优先考虑大企业.•Officialbusinessrequirementsobviously

take/have

priority

over

personalrequests(=Officialbusinessmatterswillbedealtwith

first).公事显然应该置于私事之前.

外刊例句：AndintruthfewGermanpoliticians(except

thoseintheEuropeanParliament)

put

ahighpriorityon

apushforEuropeanfederalism.

()事实上,甚少德国政治家(除了那些在欧盟议会任职的)会把推进欧洲联邦制视为首要任务.

替换表达：putsomethingfirst

2-被……蒙蔽beingblindedby

词典释义：blind[blaɪnd]

verb

transitive

NOT

CONSCIOUS

盲目

■tomakesomeone

unabletonoticeorunderstandsomething

蒙蔽;使无辨别力

•Wemustn'tletourprejudices

blind

us

to

thefactsofthesituation.我们一定不能让偏见蒙蔽自己而看不清实际形势.

外刊例句：Blindedby

short-terminterests,westerngovernmentsinsistonseeingthingsinthe

regionastheywant,notastheyare.

()西方政府受短期利益所蒙蔽,坚持把该区域看得和理想中的一样,却不能看到其真实情况.

学生错误表达：(1)

be

coveredby点评：cover是指"遮盖;掩护”,不可以用来指"被……蒙蔽”.(2)

be

deceivedby点评：bedeceivedby是指"被……欺骗”,例如：Hehadbeendeceivedbyayoungmanclaimingtobethesonofa

millionaire.他被一个自称是百万富翁儿子的年轻人骗了.它与beblindedby(被……蒙蔽)不同.

3-短期利益short-terminterests

词典释义：short-term

UK

[ˌʃɔ：t'tɜ：m]

US

['ʃɔ：rt.tɝ：m]

adjective

ADVANCED

■lastingashorttime

持续时间短的,暂时的

•short-term

memory短期记忆

ADVANCED

■relatingtoashortperiodoftime

短期的;近期的•a

short-term

weatherforecast近期天气预报

interestUK

['ɪn.trəst]

US

[-trɪst]

noun

ADVANTAGE

好处

ESSENTIAL

countable

usually

plural

uncountable

■somethingthat

bringsadvantagestooraffectssomeoneorsomething

利益,好处•Aunionlooksafterthe

interests

ofits

members.工会关心其会员的利益.•It's

inhis

interests

tokeepcareful

records.仔细做好纪录对他有好处.•Inthe

interests

of

safety,pleasedonotsmoke.为了安全起见,请不要吸烟.•Despitewhatyouthink,I'monlyactinginyour

best

interests

(=doingwhatisbestforyou).不管你怎样想,我这样做完全是为你着想.

外刊例句：Fortragediesofthecommonstobeaverted,

rulesandinstitutionsareneededtobalancethe

short-terminterests

ofindividualsagainstthelong-term

interestsofallusers.

()为了这些普遍的悲剧,制度和机制需要让个人的短期利益和所有使用者的长期利益平衡起来.

替换表达：short-termbenefits

学生错误表达：short-term

interests点评：当interests表示"利益”时应该使用复数形式,例如：Theregulationswereintroducedinordertosafeguardtheinterests

oflocalfishingcommunities.这些规章的实施是为了保护当地渔民社区的利益.

4.学校教育系统的质量与未来劳动力的竞争力成正比.因此,如果一个国家将税收预算投入到兴建学校里面,它能够长期从这些熟练的劳动力中获益.Thequalityoftheschoolingsystemis

proportionalto

(1.与……成正比)thecompetenceofthefutureworkforce.Therefore,acountrycanbenefitfromsuch

skillful

(2.熟练的)humanresourcesinthelongtermiftheyinvest

thetaxbudget

(3.税收预算)tobuildschools.

1-与……成正比(be)proportionaltobeproportionalto意为"与……成比例”,一般指的就是正比例;如果要表达反比例,可以用beinverselyproportionalto.

词典释义：proportional

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容词

与…成比例的

Ifoneamountis

proportionalto

another,thetwoamountsincreaseanddecreaseatthesameratesothereis

alwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthem.•Lossofweightisdirectly

proportional

totherateatwhichthediseaseisprogressing.体重的下降与病情发展的速度成正比.•...a

proportional

feebasedonthefinalsaleprice.与最后销售价格成比例的费用

外刊例句：Retributionshould

beproportionalto

thecrime.Butsoshouldreward

beproportionalto

ourextraeffort.

()惩罚程度该与犯罪成正比,不过奖励也该与我们付出的额外努力成正比.

替换表达：haveapositivecorrelationwith/beinproportionto

学生错误表达：Indirect

ratiowith点评：ratio是指两个数之间的比率,例如：Theratioofnursingstafftodoctorsis2：1.护理人员与医生的比例为2比1.indirect

ratiowith可以改为beproportionalto

2-熟练的skillful

词典释义：skilfulUK

(ALSOUSskillful)['skɪl.fəl]

adjective

ADVANCED

■goodatdoingsomething,especiallybecauseyouhave

practiseddoingit

娴熟的,熟练的•Policeofficershavetobe

skilful

drivers.员警必须能熟练驾驶车辆.

ADVANCED

■doneormadeverywell

出