（高考英语作文炼句）第53篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.高等教育应该被广泛普及的一个原因是,这样做是一个国家道义上的责任.教育是一项权利,而不是特权.所有人,不论种族、宗教、性别还是社会经济背景,都应该被平等对待.Onereasonwhyhighereducationshould

bemadeuniversallyavailable

(1.被广泛普及)isthatitisacountry'smoralobligationtoensurethis.Educationisaright,notaprivilege.Allpeopleshouldbetreatedequally,regardlessofrace,religion,gender,or

socioeconomicbackground(2.社会经济背景).

1-bemadeuniversallyavailable词典释义：universally

●○○○○1.ADV

副词

普遍地;全体地;人人

Ifsomethingis

universally

believedoraccepted,itisbelievedoracceptedbyeveryonewith

nodisagreement.•...a

universally

acceptedpointofview...普遍接受的观点•Thescaleoftheproblemisnow

universally

recognised.现在全世界的人都已认识到了这个问题的严重性.

外刊例句：ItisdeepintheBBC'stradition,anditsconstitution,thattheservicesforwhichthelicencefeepaysmustbe

universallyavailable,asare

broadcasttelevisionandradio.

()支付了授权费的服务必须得广泛普及,而电视广播节目和电台节目也与此一致,这深深扎根在BBC的传统和规章中.

替换表达：shouldensurethewideavailabilityofhighereducation

2-socioeconomicbackground

词典释义：socioeconomic

1.ADJ

形容词社会经济的

Socio-economic

circumstancesordevelopmentsinvolveacombinationofsocialand

economicfactors.•Suicideisoftenconnectedwithsocio-economic

deprivation.自杀经常与社会经济权利的丧失有关.•...thewesternEuropeanhistoricalmodelofsocio-economic

development.西欧社会经济发展的历史模式

外刊例句：TheAcerreportsfoundstudentshadhigherachievementwhentheywerefromahigh

socioeconomicbackground,whentherewasastrongschoolemphasisonacademicsuccess,andwhentheywerenotbullied.

()TheAcer的研究报告发现,能取得相对宏大成就的学生多拥有良好的社会经济环境,所读学校注重学生学术成就,且未受欺凌.

学生错误表达：Socialeconomicbackground点评：socialeconomic应该改为socioeconomic

Q：Onereasonthathighereducationshouldbewidespreadisthatdoingsoisamorallyobligationforacountry.这句话中onereason后面可以用that吗?A：onereason后面用why或者that都可以,句子也可以改成Onereasonthathighereducationshouldbemadeuniversally

availableisthatitisacountry'smoralobligationtoensurethis.

2.毫无疑问,为了补贴或者提供贷款给每名付不起大学学费的学生,政府需要承担大量的费用.然而,高等教育是一项不可剥夺的权利,而且对有需要的人普及高等教育会带来可观的经济和社会文化效益,这些效益远远超过前面提到的花费.Undoubtedly,governmentswouldincurgreatcoststosubsidizeorprovideloanstoeverystudentwhocannotaffordtopay

universitytuitionfees(1.大学学费).However,highereducationis

aninalienableright

(2.一项不可剥夺的权利)anditsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsocioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementioned

(3.前面提到的)costs.

1-universitytuitionfees

词典释义：tuitionUK

[tju：'ɪʃ.ən]

US

['tu：-]

noun

uncountable

mainlyUKteaching,

especiallywhengiventoasmallgrouporoneperson,suchasinacollegeoruniversity(尤指一对一或小班进行的)教学,讲授,指导•Allstudentsreceivetuitioninlogicandmetaphysics.所有学生都学习逻辑学和玄学.•tuitionfees学费■mainlyUS

■themoneypaidforthistypeofteaching

学费•Fewcanaffordthe

tuition

of$12000aterm.很少人能支付得起每学期12000美元的学费.

外刊例句：Universitytuitionfees

separatepoliticians’headsfromtheirhearts.

()大学学费问题让政客们心神不一.

2-aninalienableright

词典释义：inalienable

1.ADJ

形容词不可剥夺的;不能让与的

Ifyousaythatsomeonehasan

inalienable

righttosomething,youareemphasizingthattheyhavearightto

itwhichcannotbechangedortakenaway.•Hesaidtherepublicnowhadan

inalienable

righttoself-determination.他说共和国现在拥有不可剥夺的自决权.•...respectforthe

inalienable

rightsofpeoplesandnations.对各民族、国家不可剥夺权利的尊重

外刊例句：Openinquestsare

aninalienableright

inafreesociety.()公共讨论是自由社会中(人们)不可剥夺的权利.

学生错误表达：arightthatcannotbedeprived点评：deprive的搭配是deprivesomebodyofsomething或者somebodyis

deprivedofsomething,例如：They'vebeendeprivedofthefuelnecessarytoheattheirhomes.他们没法得到家里取暖所必需的燃料.arightthatcannotbedeprived用法不正确,应该改为arightthatcannotbetakenaway

3-aforementioned

词典释义：aforementioned

UK

[ə'fɔ：ˌmen.tʃənd]

US

[-'fɔ：r-](also

aforesaid)

formal

adjective

[beforenoun]

■mentionedearlier

前面提到的;上述的

•The

aforementioned

MrParkesthenenteredthecinema.前面提到的这位帕克斯先生就进了电影院.

外刊例句：Whoistoblamefortheannoyancesofflying

inthesummer?Partly,itisthose

aforementioned

leisuretravellers.

()夏日航班常令人烦恼,这该怪罪谁呢?一定程度上,可以怪罪前面所说的悠闲旅客.

替换表达：aforesaid/above-mentioned

However,highereducationisaninalienablerightanditsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsocioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts.

[分析]本句是一个由and连接的并列句.前一分句是highereducationisan

inalienableright,这是一个主系表结构.后一分句是itsavailabilityto

allthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsociocultural

benefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts,这是一个主谓宾结构.其中,主语部分是itsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekit,这里,介词短语toallthosewhoseekit作定语,修饰availability,而在介词短语中,定语从句whoseekit修饰those.分句二的谓语是canleadto,宾语是significanteconomicand

socioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts,在宾语中,that引导了一个定语从句,修饰benefits.

3.就读私立学校的孩子数量的增多能让政府的教育经费支出降低,使更多的国家资源能够被投入到医疗保健、环境保护以及其他公共服务上.Theincreaseinthenumberofchildrenatprivateschoolshasallowedforreducedlevelsofgovernmenteducationspending,enablingmorestateresourcestobeallocatedto

healthcare(1.医疗保健),environmentalprotectionandother

publicservices(2.公共服务).

1-healthcare

词典释义：healthcare

UK

['helθ.keər]

US

[-ker]

noun

uncountable

■thesetofservicesprovidedbyacountryoran

organizationforthetreatmentofthephysicallyandthementallyill

医疗保健服务•Healthcareworkersaresomeofthelowestpaidpeopleinthecountry.医疗保健工作者是这个国家收入最低的人群之一.

外刊例句：Republicans

haveuntiltheendofthemonthtopassa

healthcare

billonaparty-linevote.()共和党人到了这月底才同意党内意见一致投票通过医疗保障方案.

学生错误表达：Medicalhealth/treatment点评："医疗保健”应该改为固定说法healthcare

2-publicservices

词典释义：public

service

noun

1.Cusuallypluralaservice,suchastransportorhealthcare,thata

governmentprovides公共服务,公用事业〔由政府提供资金的服务如运输、卫生保健等〕：•effortstoimprove

qualityinpublicservices提高公用事业服务质量的努力

外刊例句：Charging

for

publicservices

sometimes

makessense.Often,though,itisaracket.()(政府)给公共服务收费,这有时候的确有道理.不过,这大多数情况下,和勒索无异.

学生错误表达：Publicserves点评：用词不当,serve作为名词时,含义是"(网球、排球等的)发球”,这里要改为publicservices

Q：请问,这里allowedfor如何理解?谢谢A：allowfor相当于makeitpossiblefor,含义是"使……成为可能”,例如：Our

newsystemwillallowformoreefficientuseofresources.我们的新系统将使资源得到更有效的利用.

Q：对于句子的时态,答案采用的是现在完成时,表示已经完成的状态,我用的是将来时,主要是从"能够让”这几个字中看出来还没有发生,对于为啥用现在完成时还是有点不大明白A：这里用现在完成时或者一般将来时都可以,但意思稍微有点不同.如果用现在完成时,强调的是增大私立学校儿童数量已经带来的影响,如果用一般将来时,强调的是增大私立学校儿童数量将会带来的影响.

4.对于危险、暴力的罪犯来说,监狱扮演了重要角色,因为它使这些罪犯远离街头,让社会成为一个更安全的地方.然而,对于非暴力罪犯来说,例如小窃贼或消遣性毒品使用者,监狱是否是处置他们最好的地方就疑问重重了.Inthecaseofdangerousandviolentcriminals,prisonservesanimportantrole

inthat

(1.因为)it

keepssuchpeopleoffthestreets

(2.让这些人远离街头)andmakessocietyasaferplace.However,inthecaseofnon-violentcriminals,forexample

pettythieves

(3.小窃贼)or

recreationaldrugusers(4.消遣性毒品使用者),itishighlyquestionablewhetherprisonisthebestplaceforthem.

1-inthat

词典释义：inthat

formal

■because

因为,由于•Thisresearchisimportant

in

thatit

confirmsthelinkbetweenaggressionandalcohol.这项研究非常重要,因为它证实了攻击行为和酗酒之间的联系.

外刊例句：Todorov'schampionsalsounderstoodthat,in

fightingfascism,therewasnoescapingthetragedyofforce,

inthat

itwillalwaysdestroytheinnocent

alongwiththeguilty.

()托多尔夫的拥护者也明白,在抗击法西斯的过程中,军事力量引发的悲剧是难免的,因为这总会把无辜者与犯罪者一同摧毁.

替换表达：because

2-keepssuchpeopleoffthestreets

词典释义：[ki：p]

verb

(kept,

kept)

Phrasal

Verbs

keep(sb/sth)offsth

■tonotgoontoan

area,ortostopsomeoneorsomethinggoingontoanarea

(使…)远离;(使…)不接近•Therewasanoticesaying'Keep

offthe

grass'.那里有一块告示,上面写著"勿踏草地”.

外刊例句：Bylookingafterourownfamilies,we

contributeto

keeping

people

off

thestreets–ifonlyeveryone

did.

()我们为了能照顾好家人,一直驱逐这些人离开这条街——只要其他人也这么做的话.

3-pettythieves

词典释义：pettyUK

['pet.i]

US

['petˌ-]

disapproving

adjective

[beforenoun]

■notimportantandnotworthgivingattentionto

琐碎的;无足轻重的•Prisonerscomplainthattheyaresubjectedtotoomany

petty

rulesandrestrictions.犯人抱怨他们受到太多繁文缛节的管制.

外刊例句：Butkeeping

pettythieves

incellsuntiltheydieofoldageyields

negligiblebenefitsatruinousexpense.

()然后,把小罪犯收押在监狱里直到老死,这种做法没有什么好处,反而会造成严重损失.

学生错误表达：bandit点评：bandit一般是指"(袭击旅游者的)强盗、土匪”,用在这里不合适.

4-recreationaldrugusers

词典释义：recreational

adjectiverelatingtoordenotingactivitydonefor

enjoymentwhenoneisnotworking

消遣的,娱乐的

moneytoproviderecreational

facilities.

提供娱乐设施的资金.

recreationalcyclinginthe

countryside.

在乡下骑自行车消遣.

■relatingtoor

denotingdrugstakenonanoccasionalbasisforenjoyment,especiallywhen

socializing

(毒品)偶尔尝试的(尤指