（高考英语作文炼句）第51篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.如今在很多社会移民都是一个重大问题,而随着全球化程度的不断加深,很有可能在未来许多年里面移民将一直是个问题.数十年以来,一直存在一个争议：移民们应该保留自己原本的文化还是设法接受他们新家园的文化.Immigrationisamajorissueinmanysocietiestodayandwitheverincreasingglobalisation,itseemslikelyitwillremainanissueforyearstocome.Therehasfordecadesbeenadebateastowhetherimmigrantsshould

remaintheiroriginalculture

(1.保留他们原本的文化)or

seektoadoptthecultureof

(2.设法接受……的文化)theirnewhome.

1-retaintheiroriginalculture

词典释义：

retain[rɪ'teɪn]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

slightly

formal

■tokeeporcontinuetohavesomething

保持;保留;保有•Shehaslostherbattleto

retain

controlofthecompany.她被打败了,失去了继续掌管公司的权力.•Hemanagedto

retain

hisdignitythroughouttheperformance.在整个表演过程中,他设法保持了自己的尊严.•Shesucceededin

retaining

herleadinthesecondhalfof

therace.在比赛的后半程中,她成功地保住了领先地位.•Ihaveagoodmemoryandamableto

retain

(=remember)factseasily.我记忆力很好,记东西不费劲.

外刊例句：Shouldminoritiesretaintheirculture?Orshouldtheyassimilate?Doesmulticulturalismhavebenefitsandwhatarethey?(BBC)少数族裔应该保留他们的文化吗?还是他们应该同其他文化融合?多种文化共存有好处吗?这些好处是什么?

替换表达：preservetheiroriginalculture

学生错误表达：Reservetheiroriginalculture点评：reserve是指"留出某物(以便后面使用)”,例如：Aseparateroom

isreservedforsmokers.有一间独立房间是留给吸烟者用的.Reserve不可以与culture搭配使用,这里应该改为preservetheiroriginal

culture

2-seektoadoptthecultureof

词典释义：seektodo4.VERB

动词力图;想方设法

Ifyou

seekto

do

something,youtrytodoit.•Healsodeniedthathewouldseektoannexthecountry...他还否认会试图吞并该国.•Moscowis

seekingtoslowthegrowthofRussianinflation.俄罗斯政府正力图遏制本国的通货膨胀.

外刊例句：MayconfirmedthatonTuesday,saying："Wedo

not

seekto

adoptamodelalready

enjoyedbyothercountries.”

()梅在周二证实了此(说法),称"我们并不想采纳一些其他国家已经用过的模式.”

学生错误表达：manageto

adoptthecultureof点评：managetodo

something含义是"设法做成某事”,例如：Howdoyoumanagetostayso

slim?你是如何把身材保持得这么苗条的?原文的意思是"移民应该努力接受新家园的文化”,并没有包含"成功做成某事”的意思,所以managetodosomething用在这里不合适.

Q：这句的asto可以改成that吗?A：asto是一个固定表达,含义是"关于……”,asto经常whether/how等搭配,例如：Thequestionaroseastowhetherthisbehaviourwasunlawful.问题出现了：这种行为是否不合法?

2.反对从文化上同化移民的人坚定地认为要求他人改变他们的文化是对个人自由的冒犯.他们认为在一个自由的社会中想要别人去遵循自己的习俗和价值观是不合理的,他们还认为社会应该包容来自各种文化和具有不同背景的人.Thosewhooppose

theculturalassimilationofimmigrants

(1.从文化上同化移民)arefirminthebeliefthattorequireotherstochangetheircultureis

anaffrontto

(2.对……的冒犯)personalfreedom.Theyfeelthatinafreesocietyitisnotreasonabletoexpectothersto

conformto

(3.遵循)one'sowncustomsandvalues,andthatsocietyshouldtoleratepeopleofallculturesandbackgrounds.

1-theculturalassimilationofimmigrants

词典释义：as∙simi∙la∙tion

/

əˌsiməˈleiʃn

/

◙

noun

1.

[U]

theactof

assimilating

sb

orsth,orbeing

assimilated

•

吸收;接受：

»therapidassimilationofnewideas

对新思想的迅速吸收

»hisassimilationintothecommunity

他融入社区

外刊例句：Thescaleofthesedemographicchangesmeansquestionsaround

culturalassimilation

versusculturalpreservationtendtoarisefirstinCalifornia.()在如此规模的人口迁移影响下,围绕着文化涵化和文化保存的质疑将在加利福利亚州出现.

学生错误表达：assimilatingimmigrantsfrom/by/throughculture点评：当assimilate取"融化,同化”时,要说somebodyassimilates或者somebodyis

assimilatedintoacountryoragroup,但不能assimilatesomebody

2-anaffrontto

词典释义：affront[ə'frʌnt]

noun

countable

■aremarkoractionintendedtoinsultoroffendsomeone

侮辱;冒犯•Heregardedthecommentsasan

affront

tohisdignity.他认为这些话伤害了他的尊严.

外刊例句：Ahighcourtjudgebrandedthegovernment's

systemofcontrolordersagainstterrorismsuspects"anaffrontto

justice"yesterday

andruledthattheybreachedhumanrightslaws.

()一位最高法院的法官在昨天称政府管制恐怖主义嫌疑人行为的系统为"有辱公平正义”,并判决其违反了人权法.

替换表达：aninsult/anoffencetosth

3-conformto

词典释义：conformUK

[kən'fɔ：m]

US

[-'fɔ：rm]

verb

intransitive

■tobehaveaccordingtotheusualstandardsofbehaviour

whichareexpectedbyagrouporsociety

顺从;遵从;随大流,顺应习俗

•Atourschool,youwererequiredto

conform,and

therewasnoplacefororiginality.我们学校要求每个人循规蹈矩,容不得创新求变.

UK

[kən'fɔ：m]

US

[-'fɔ：rm]

verb

intransitive

Phrasal

Verbs

conform

to/withsth

■toobeyaruleorreachthenecessarystatedstandard,ortodothingsinatraditionalway

遵守,遵照;符合,达到;依照

•Beforebuyingapram,makesurethatit

conforms

totheofficialsafetystandards.购买婴儿车之前,要确保它符合官方的安全标准.•Membersmust

conformtoastrictdresscode.成员们必须遵守严格的衣着规定.

外刊例句：Thefilmisdrivenbytheverveofits

heroines.Societyexpectsthemto

conform

to

traditionalfamilyroles,promotedbytheinfluentialCatholicChurch.()该电影由其众女主人公彰显的活力为主题.社会希望她们可以更遵从天主教广泛推崇的传统家庭角色.

替换表达：follow/observe/practice/respectone’sowncustomsandvalues

学生错误表达：abideby点评：abideby是指"遵守,遵照(法规、约定等)”,例如：Theyhavegottoabidebytherules.他们必须遵守规则.用abideby来搭配customs不妥.

Thosewhoopposetheculturalassimilationof

immigrantsarefirminthebeliefthattorequireotherstochangetheir

cultureisanaffronttopersonalfreedom.

[分析]本句的主干是Those…arefirminthebelief,这是一个主系表结构,其中主语部分是Thosewhoopposetheculturalassimilationofimmigrants,这里由who引导的定语从句修饰Those,主语之后,arefirm构成复合谓语(系动词＋表语).其后,是一个由in引导的介词结构作状语,在这个状语中包含了一个由that引导的名词性从句,作thebelief的同位语.在同位语从句中,不定式torequireotherstochangetheirculture作主语,isanaffront是复合谓语,topersonalfreedom是状语.

3.对于移民来说,很重要的一点是不要将自己在文化上与当地民众隔离开来.如果某一个特定的移民群体变得数量众多,而且这些移民一点也不努力去适应当地文化的话,他们很自然地会逐渐被视为外人,甚至有可能会遭到质疑的眼光.Itisimportantforimmigrantsnotto

segregate

(1.分离,隔离)themselvesculturallyfromthelocalpopulace.Ifaparticulargroupofimmigrantsbecamenumerousandmadenoeffortto

adapttolocalculture(2.适应当地文化),itisnaturalthattheywould

cometobeseenas

(3.逐渐被视为)outsiders,perhapseven

viewedwithsuspicion(4.遭到质疑的眼光).

1-segregate

词典释义：segregate['seg.rɪ.geɪt]

verb

transitive

■tokeeponegroupofpeopleapartfromanotherandtreat

themdifferently,especiallybecauseofraceorsex

(尤指基于种族或性别原因)隔离并差别对待•a

segregated

school/society实行种族隔离的学校／社会•Blackswere

segregated

from

whitesineveryareaoflife.在生活中的各方各面,黑人和白人被隔离开.■tokeeponethingseparatefromanother

分离;分开•Thesystemswillhavetobeableto

segregate

clients'money

fromthefirm'sowncash.该系统必须能把委托人的钱和公司的现金分开.

外刊例句：Ifindividualsattendinganeventwishto

segregate

themselvesonavoluntary

basis,itisnotacceptableforothermembersoftheaudiencetocompelthem

tomix,andtodosomayconstituteharassment.

()若某一与会观众欲与他人相隔,则其他观众不得强迫其一同就坐,且若执意如此则将被视为与骚扰无异.

替换表达：setapart/isolate/separate

2-adapttolocalculture词典释义：adapt

●●○○○1.VERB

动词

适应

Ifyou

adaptto

anewsituationoradaptyourselfto

it,youchangeyourideasorbehaviourinordertodealwithit

successfully.•Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobe

preparedto

adapt

tothechange...世界会变得不同,我们必须做好准备以适应其变化.•Theyhavehadtoadaptthemselvestoawareconomy.他们不得不适应战时经济.

外刊例句：Ifsheistosalvageit,shemusttakethe

leadagain,spellingouthowGermanscanmakeWillkommenskulturwork—andhow

thenewcomersthemselvesmust

adaptto

basicEuropeanvalues.

()若她真想挽救它,就得再次走在各国前列,解析清楚德国是如何组织其欢迎文化工作的——以及那些新移民如何适应欧洲的基本价值观.

学生错误表达：accommodatethelocalculture点评：当accommodate表示"适应,顺应(某事物)”时,应该使用搭配accommodate

tosomething,localculture在这里是泛指,前面的the应该去掉,因此表达应该改为：accommodatetolocal

culture

3-cometobeseenas

词典释义：10.

cometodosth

a.tobegintohaveafeelingoropinion开始认为,开始觉得：•HecametothinkofItalyashishome.他开始把意大利看成自己的家了.•Icametobelievethathewasinnocentafterall.我开始相信他还是清白的.

cometodosomething

phrase

1.

tofinallyreachastateinwhichsomethinghappensoryoudosomething

Shehadcometoregardhimasoneofherfewrealfriends.

themanwhohadcometosymbolizetheFranco-Americanalliance

2.

todosomethingbychance

I’mjustexplainingtothemhowwecometobeinLiverpool.

see[si：]

(seeing,saw,

seen)verb

CONSIDER

考虑

IMPROVER

transitive

■toconsiderorthinkabout,especiallytothinkaboutsomeoneorsomethinginaparticular

way,ortoimaginesomeonedoingaparticularactivity

看待;认为;考虑;想像•Shedidn't

see

herself

as

brave.她不认为自己很勇敢.•Itwaseasyto

see

thegift

as

asort

ofbribe.这份礼物很容易被当成是一种贿赂.

外刊例句：Justasphysicalexerciseisvitaltoa

desk-boundworkforce,somindfulnesswill

cometobeseenas

vitalfordealingwiththecomplexityofour

information-richlives.()就像运动锻炼对长期伏案工作的工作者而言十分重要一样,小心谨慎对于应对我们信息繁杂的日常生活也意义非凡.

替换表达：beseen/viewed/regardedas...overtime

4-(be)viewedwithsuspicion

词典释义：suspicion[sə'spɪʃ.ən]

noun

DOUBT

怀疑

countable

or

uncountable

■doubtorlackof

trust

怀疑,疑心;不信任•Sincetheydiscoveredthetruthabouthisbackground,his

colleagueshaveregardedhimwith

suspicion.自从他的同事知道了他的真实背景,他们就不再信任他.•Theyfeelthatshe

harbours

(=has)

suspicions

of

theirpolitics.他们觉得她对他们的政见心存怀疑.

外刊例句：Russia'senergyfirms

areviewedwithsuspicion

astheytrytoexpandinformer

communistcountries.

()俄罗斯的能源公司向前苏联国家扩张时饱受怀疑眼光.

替换表达：(be)viewedwithdistrust

学生错误表达：(1)encounterthespeciouseyesight点评：用词不当,eyesight是指"视力”,没有"……的眼光”这一层引申义.(2)sufferfromquestioningeyes点评：中式表达,sufferfrom不能与questioningeyes搭配,这里可以改为beviewedwith

suspicion

4.一方面,很重要的一点是不能试图强迫移民们去遵从外国文化,因为这是对基本自由的侵犯.完全的融合也会剥夺社会的多样性,而这种多样性能让我们的生活更加有趣.另一方面,我们也要鼓励移民去融入社区.Ontheonehand,itisimportantthatthereisnoattempttoforceimmigrantstoconformto

analienculture(1.外国文化),asthatwouldbeaviolationofbasicfreedoms.Totalassimilationwouldalso

robsocietyof

(2.将……从社会剥夺出去)thediversitythatcanmakeourlivesmuchmoreinteresting.Ontheotherhand,itisworthencouragingimmigrantsto

integrateintothecommunity(3.融入社区).

1-analienculture

词典释义：alien['eɪ.li.ən]

adjective

■comingfromadifferentcountry,race,orgroup;foreign

外国的;异域的;异族的•an

alien

culture异域文化■strangeandnotfamiliar

怪异的;截然不同的;不熟悉的

•WhenIfirstwenttoNewYork,itallfeltvery

alien

to

me.我初到纽约的时候,觉得一切都非常陌生.[beforenoun]

■relatingtocreaturesfromanotherplanet

外星人(或生物)的•an

alien

spacecraft外星人飞船

['eɪ.li.ən]

noun

countable

legal

■aforeigner,usuallysomeonewholivesinacountryof

whichtheyarenotalegalcitizen

(通常指不是所在国公民的)外国人,外侨,侨民

•Whenwarbrokeoutthegovernmentroundedupthousandsof

aliens

andputthemintemporarycamps.战争爆发时,政府把数以千计的外国人集中在一起,关在临时拘留营中.

外刊例句：Itseemsobvious：ifThatcherthinkstheyare

analienculture,thenAlienKulture

iswhattheywillbe.

()这显而易见：若撒切尔认为他们是外国文化,那么他们将是"外星文化”.

替换表达：aforeignculture

2-robsocietyofsth

词典释义：robAofB2.VERB

动词

夺走;剥夺

Ifsomeone

isrobbedof

somethingthattheydeserve,have,orneed,itistakenawayfromthem.•WhenMilesDavisdied,jazzwas

robbedofitsmostdistinctivevoice...随着迈尔斯·戴维斯的去世,爵士乐界失去了其最与众不同的声音.•Ican'tforgiveLewisfor

robbing

meofanOlympicgold.我不能原谅刘易斯夺走了我一块奥运会金牌.

外刊例句：Theirprotectionistdrivetoextendthelife

oftheircashcowiswhattherathermorerealisticDaveRowntreeofBlur

denouncedas"industrypressureto

rob

societyofitsinheritance.

()一心延续其摇钱树生命力的保护主义势头,正如Blur乐队的现实主义者戴夫·罗恩特里所斥的一样,简直是"剥夺社会未来遗产的工业压力”.

替换表达：depriveAofB,decrease/reducethediversity

学生错误表达：deprivethediversityofthesociety点评：deprive的搭配应该是deprivesomebodyofsomething,例如：Whyshouldyoudepriveyourselfofsuchsimplepleasures?你为什么连这种简单的娱乐也不让自己享受一下呢?因此表达应该改为deprivesocietyofthediversitythatcan…

3-integrateintothecommunity

词典释义：integrateUK

['ɪn.tɪ.greɪt]

US

[-tˌə-]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

■tomixwithandjoinsocietyoragroupofpeople,often

changingtosuittheirwayoflife,habitsandcustoms

(使)融入(某社会或群体);(使)成为一体•Heseemstofinditdifficultto

integrate

socially.他似乎觉得很难与别人打成一片.•[R]It'sverydifficultto

integrate

your

self

into

asocietywhosecultureissodifferentfromyourown.让自己融入一个文化上完全不同的社会是非常困难的.•Childrenareoftenverygoodat

integrating

into

anewculture.孩子通常很善于融入新的文化.

communityUK

[kə'mju：.nə.ti]

US

[-tˌi]

noun

countable

[+sing/plverb]

ESSENTIAL

■thepeoplelivinginoneparticularareaorpeoplewho

areconsideredasaunitbecauseoftheircommoninterests,socialgroupor

nationality

社区;群体;社团,团体,界•He'swell-knowninthe

local

community.他在当地非常闻名.•There'salarge

black/white/Jewish

community

livinginthisarea.在该地区有一个大的黑人／白人／犹太人社区.•Herspeechcausedoutrageamongthe

gay

community.她的演说激起了同性恋群体的愤怒.•Drugtraffickingisamatterofconsiderableconcernfor

theentire

international

community

(=allthecountriesofthe

world).贩毒是整个国际社会都相当关注的问题.•There'sareal

senseof

community

(=caring

andfriendlyfeeling)inthisneig