（高考英语作文炼句）第43篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.因为禁食和使用减肥药物会带来低卡路里摄入量,因此他们容易导致疲劳过度以及耐力不足.对于学生来说,这会对他们的学术表现带来不利影响.Sinceskippingmealsandtakingdietpillsareassociatedwith

alowcaloricintake(1.低卡路里摄入量),theyarelikelytoresultin

increasedfatigue

(2.疲劳过度)and

loweredstamina(3.耐力不足).Forstudents,thiscanbedetrimentaltotheiracademicperformance.

1-alowcaloricintake

词典释义：caloric1.ADJ

形容词

热量的

Caloric

meansrelatingtocalories.

【搭配模式】：ADJn•...adaily

caloric

intakeoffrom400to1200calories.日摄取400至1200卡路里的热量

intake['ɪn.teɪk]

noun

AMOUNT

数量

uncountable

■theamountofa

particularsubstancewhichiseatenordrunkduringaparticulartime

摄入量•Itsaysonthepacketthatfourslicesofthisbread

containsonehalfofyourrecommended

daily

intake

of

fibre.包装上写着四片这种面包就包含了建议的每天纤维摄取量的一半.

外刊例句：

Byrecentgovernmentorder,municipalrations

willbeexpandedfurtherbecauseofrisingincidenceofchildrenfaintingat

schooldueto

lowcalorieintake.()政府近日下令进一步增加城市粮食配给,因为越来越多儿童犹如能量摄入不足而晕倒.

替换表达：alowcalorie/energyintake

2-increasedfatigue

词典释义：increased

adjective

：

subjectedtoaugmentation

：

madeorbecomegreater

<

increased

timeforstudy>

<the

increased

wealthofthenation>

fatigue

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

疲惫;疲劳;疲倦

Fatigue

isafeelingofextremephysicalormentaltiredness.•Shecontinuedtohaveseverestomachcramps,aches,fatigue,anddepression...她仍然患有严重的胃痉挛,感觉疼痛、疲乏、抑郁.

•Clarkesayshisteamcouldhavelastedanother15days

before

fatigue

wouldhavebeguntotakeatoll.克拉克说,他的团队本来还可以再坚持15天,只是疲劳可能会造成严重后果,只好作罢.

外刊例句：Buttheworstofithasfaded,thankstowar

fatigue

andaremarkablyeffective

interventionbyUNpeacekeepers.

()然而,由于战争双方都感到疲倦,而且联合国调停极其有效,其最糟糕的局面已经告一段落了.

替换表达：excessivefatigue

3-loweredstamina

词典释义：stamina['stæm.ɪ.nə]

noun

uncountable

■thephysicaland/ormentalstrengthtodosomethingwhich

mightbedifficultandwhichwilltakealongtime

耐力;耐性;持久力•Thetriathlonisagreattestof

stamina.三项全能运动是对耐力的极大考验.

外刊例句：Yetfewanimalshaveanelephant's

stamina

orcantravelasfarina

day—provideditswayisnotblocked.

()但几乎没有什么动物能像大象那么好耐力,或者说像它们一样一整天都在奔跑迁移(只要没有东西阻住它们).

替换表达：lackofendurance/stayingpower

Q：Intake作名词时不可数,为什么前面要加a?A：intake可以作为单数名词,因此前面可以加a,例如朗文词典例句：ahighintakeofcarbohydrates碳水化合物的大量摄入

2.经常选择禁食,而不是与他们的同学在学生食堂吃饭的大学生可能会被视为不合群,而且他们可能会变得与同龄人格格不入.Collegestudentswhofrequentlyskipmeals,ratherthandiningwiththeirclassmatesinthe

cafeteria(1.学生食堂),maybeviewedas

antisocial

(2.不合群)and

becomealienatedfrom

(3.与……格格不入)theirpeers.

1-cafeteria

词典释义：cafeteriaUK

[ˌkæf.ə'tɪə.ri.ə]

US

[-'tɪr.i-]

noun

countable

■arestaurant(ofteninafactory,acollegeoranoffice

building)wherepeoplecollectfoodanddrinkfromaservingareaandtakeit

toatablethemselvesafterpayingforit

(常指工厂、大学或办公大楼内的)自助餐厅,自助食堂

外刊例句：OnFriday,thecouplewereamongabout500

Facebook

cafeteria

workerswho

electedtojoinaunion,UniteHereLocal19.

()在周五,这对夫妇将与约500多名Facebook的饭堂工作人员一同入选为"UniteHereLocal19”工会的一员.

替换表达：canteen/dininghall

2-antisocial

词典释义：anti-social

UK

[ˌæn.ti'səʊ.ʃəl]

US

[-tˌi'soʊ-]

adjective

ADVANCED

■harmfultosociety

反社会的;对社会有害的;危害公共利益的

•anti-social

behaviour反社会举动•Increasingly,smokingisregardedasan

anti-social

habit.越来越多的人把吸烟视为危害公共利益的恶习.

ADVANCED

■oftenavoidingspendingtimewithotherpeople

不爱交际的;厌恶社交的;不合群的•Ihopetheywon'tthinkI'm

anti-social

ifIdon't

jointheminthebar.我希望他们不要因为我不跟他们一起去酒吧,就认为我不合群.

外刊例句：TherehasbeenaheateddebateonTwitter

aboutsucharguably

antisocial

networks,usinganewhashtag,#JerkTech.

()对于像这种反社会网络,推特上存在着激烈讨论,(人们)可以使用符号#JerkTech参与讨论.

替换表达：unsociable

学生错误表达：(1)dissociable点评：dissociable是指"可分离的;可分开的”,例如：Languageandcognitionarenotdissociable.语言和认知是不可分的.Dissociable用在语境中不合适.(2)unsocial点评：unsocial常见于词组workunsocialhours,含义是"在非正常时间上班(夜班或早班)”,unsocial用在这里不合适.

3-alienatedfrom

词典释义：alienate['eɪ.li.ə.neɪt]

verb

transitive

LOSESUPPORT

失去支持

■tocausesomeoneoragroupofpeopletostopsupporting

andagreeingwithyou

离间;使背离;使不友好•Allthesechangestothenewspaperhave

alienated

itstraditionalreaders.报纸改头换面疏远了老读者.['eɪ.li.ə.neɪt]

verb

transitive

NOTWELCOME

不受欢迎

■tomakesomeonefeelthattheyaredifferentanddonot

belongtoagroup

使格格不入;使疏远•Disagreementscan

alienate

teenagers

from

theirfamilies.家庭争吵会使青少年跟家人产生感情裂痕.

外刊例句：Nottinghamishometotwoexcellent

universities,sowhyarepupilsinsomepartsofthecity

alienatedfrom

highereducation?

()诺丁汉有着两所优秀大学,但为何该城市内某些地区的孩子却与高等教育渐行渐远呢?

替换表达：becomeasocialmisfit

学生错误表达：become

incompatiblewith点评：incompatible是指因个人性格、品质等原因而与其他人格格不入,例如：Idon'tknowwhytheyevergotmarried.They'retotally

incompatible.我不知道他们为什么结婚,他们根本合不来.而在语境中是指减肥的学生因为不去参加社交活动而与同学疏远,用incompatible不太合适.

3.一些学生可能会整天惦念着他们每天的减肥效果,这会转移他们在学术工作上的注意力,让他们对学习愈发冷淡.Somestudentsmay

developanobsessionwith

(1.整天惦记着……)theirday-to-dayweightlossresults,

divertingthefocusoftheirattentionawayfrom

(2.转移他们在……上的注意力)theiracademicworkandmakingthemincreasingly

apathetic

(3.冷淡的,无兴趣的)towardstheirstudies.

1-developanobsessionwith

词典释义：obsession[əb'seʃ.ən]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

ADVANCED

■somethingorsomeonethatyouthinkaboutallthetime

困扰;无法摆脱的念头;念念不忘的事(或人)•anunhealthy

obsession

with

death总是想到死的不健康念头•herchocolate

obsession她对巧克力的痴迷•He'salwayswantedtofindhisnaturalmotherbutrecently

it's

becomean

obsession.他一直想找到自己的生母,但最近这成了他的一块心病.

外刊例句：Increasingnumbersofyoungpeoplearebeing

admittedtohospitalbecauseofeatingdisorders,figuresshow,withthe

blameinpartbeingputontheriseofsocialmediathathashelped

developanobsessionwith

image.

()数据显示,越来越多年轻人因为饮食不规律而住院,而矛头则指向了社交网络,责备它令孩子整天沉迷于(社交网络上的)图片之中.

学生错误表达：Thinkabout点评：thinkabout没有表达出"整天惦记”那一层含义,可以改为developanobsessionwith

2-divertthefocusoftheirattentionaway

from

词典释义：TAKE

ATTENTIONAWAY

转移注意力

■totakesomeone's

attentionawayfromsomething

分散,转移(注意力)

•Thewarhas

diverted

attention

(away)

from

thecountry'seconomicproblems.战争转移了人们对国家经济问题的关注.

外刊例句：AsforRussia,associationwithsomeofthe

mostdynamiceconomiesintheworldmayperhaps

divertsomeattentionawayfrom

itsowndecline.()对于俄罗斯而言,与某些世界上最活跃的经济体为伍或许能分散人们对其经济下滑的关注.

替换表达：distractthemfrom…

3-apathetic

词典释义：apatheticUK

[ˌæp.ə'θet.ɪk]

US

[-'θetˌ-]

adjective

■showingnointerestorenergy;unwillingtotakeaction,

especiallyoversomethingimportant

无兴趣的;懈怠的;(尤指对重要事情)不关心的,无动于衷的

•Youngpeopletodayareso

apathetic

about

politics.现在的年轻人太不关心政治.•Don'tbeso

apathetic

-howareyougoingtogeta

jobifyoudon'tevenwritealetter?

别那么吊儿郎当的,连求职信都不写,你怎么能找到工作?

外刊例句：EvenwhereaprimaryisclosedtoRepublican

voters,the

apathetic

far

outstrippedtheenthusiastic.

()即便党内初选与共和党员息息相关,对此无动于衷的人仍远比感兴趣的人多.

替换表达：uninterested/indifferent

Q：请问老师indifferent和apathetic的区别?A：indifferent和apathetic两者是近义词,但indifferent除了"不关心,不在乎”这一层含义外,还有一个意思是"一般的,平庸的”,例如：Wedidn'tliketherestaurantmuch-thefoodwasindifferentand

theserviceratherslow.我们不怎么喜欢这家餐馆——饭菜一般,上菜也相当慢.

4.禁食会导致体重增加,而不是减少;身体不摄取食物会导致新陈代谢减缓,进而减弱了身体燃烧脂肪的能力.此外,白天一整天的禁食会导致深夜无可抑制的饥饿感,扰乱人们的睡眠.Skippingmealscancontributetoweightgainratherthanloss;deprivingthebodyoffoodcausesthe

metabolism

(1.新陈代谢)toslowdown,thusreducingone'sabilityto

burnofffat(2.燃烧脂肪).Moreover,skippingmealsthroughoutthedaycanleadtouncontrollable

hungerpangs(3.饥饿感)lateatnight,disruptingpeople'ssleep.

1-metabolism

词典释义：metabolism

[mə'tæb.əl.ɪ.zəm]

noun

countable

specialized

■allthechemicalprocessesinyourbody,especiallythose

thatcausefoodtobeusedforenergyandgrowth

新陈代谢•Exerciseissupposedtospeedupyour

metabolism.人们认为运动可加速新陈代谢.

外刊例句：Around

25-30%ofthecaloriesderivedfromproteinareusedupinits

metabolism,()大约25%-30%来自于蛋白质的卡路里用于新陈代谢.

2-burnofffat

词典释义：burnoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

消耗;耗费

Ifsomeone

burnsoff

energy,

theyuseit.

【语法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【语法信息】：AlsoVnP•Thiswillimproveyourperformanceandhelpyou

burnoff

calories.这将会改善你的表现,并帮你消耗卡路里.2.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

烧掉;烧除

To

burnoff

something

unwantedmeanstogetridofitbyburningit.

【语法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【语法信息】：AlsoVnP•Thebushfireactuallyhelpedto

burnoff

alotofdeadundergrowth.林区大火实际上有助于清除很多枯死的矮灌木.

外刊例句：Foryearswe'vebeentoldtheonlywayto

burnofffat

isendlesshoursof

aerobicexercise.Butnowresearcherssaythesecretliesin'resistance

training'.()我们一直以来都听闻,减肥的唯一途径就是无休止的有氧运动.然而,研究者现在发现,减肥的诀窍在于"抗阻力训练”.

替换表达：burn/losefat

3-hungerpangs

词典释义：pang

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

一阵剧痛;突然而强烈的情感

A

pang

isasudden

strongfeelingoremotion,forexampleofsadnessorpain.•Foramomentshefelta

pang

of

guiltaboutthewayshewastreatinghim.有一阵子,她为自己那样对他感到内疚.

•...hunger

pangs.阵阵饥饿感

外刊例句：Itturnedoutthatthemilkshakeswerebeing

"hired”by