（高考英语作文炼句）第32篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.那些能促进新知识和新技能发展的工作——不管这种发展是通过行业专门培训,还是对沟通技能、领导技能和管理技能的培养——都能够使学生展示他们的潜能,以及拥有一个更有产出性和更加令人满意的事业.Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeandskills--whether

intheformof

(1.以……的形式)industry-specifictraining

(2.行业专门培训)orthedevelopmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallowgraduatesto

manifest(3.展示)theirpotentialandhaveamore

productive

(4.更有产生性)andsatisfyingcareer.

1-intheformof

词典释义：form2.N-COUNT

可数名词

(存在的)形态,形式

Whensomethingcanexistor

happeninseveralpossibleways,youcanuse

form

torefertoone

particularwayinwhichitexistsorhappens.

【搭配模式】：withsupp•Valleysoftentakethe

form

of

deepcanyons...山谷经常以深峡谷的形态存在.•Theyreceivedabenefitinthe

form

of

ataxreduction...他们获得了减税优惠.•Initspresent

form,

thelawcouldleadtonewinjustices.以其目前的形式而言,这项法规可能会带来新的不公.

inthe

formofsth•Peopleare

bombardedwithinformationintheformofTVadvertising.电视广告信息对着人们狂轰滥炸.•VitaminCcanbe

takenincapsuleortabletform.维生素C有胶囊和片剂两种形式可以服用.•Atypicaltraining

programmetakestheformofaseriesofworkshops.一般的培训计划都采用举办系列讲座的形式.

外刊例句：Theessentialproductofinsurance—protection,usually

intheformof

money,whenthingsgo

wrong—hasfewobvioussubstitutes.

()在事情出错时提供保护(通常以金钱形式)是保险业的核心产物,且甚少显而易见的替代品.

2-industry-specifictrainingspecific可以跟在n后面构成形容词性的合成词"n-specific”,表示"专为n(服务)的”.

词典释义：industry['ɪn.də.stri]

noun

TYPEOFWORK

行业

ESSENTIAL

countable

■thepeopleandactivitiesinvolvedinonetypeof

business

行业•thegas/electricity

industry燃气业／电力工业•thetourist

industry旅游业•manufacturing

industries制造业•Thecomputer

industry

hasbeenbooming.电脑行业已经日益蓬勃起来了.

specific3.ADJ

形容词

特有的;独特的;只与…有关的

Somethingthatis

specific

to

aparticularthingisconnectedwiththat

thingonly.

【搭配模式】：usuv-linkADJton•Sendyourresumewithacoverletterthatis

specific

tothatparticularjob.寄出你的简历并附上一份针对那个特定工作岗位的附函.

Specific

isalsousedafternouns.

(亦用在名词后)•Moststudiesoftradehavebeencountry-specific.有关贸易的多数研究都是针对某个具体国家的.

•...ajob-specific

course.岗位课程

外刊例句：Thepostgraduateandpost-experiencedegreehasdiversified

overthepastfewyearstooffer

industry

specifictraining

foraccountants,public-sectorworkers,lawyersand

evenfootballers.

()研究生课程和具专业知识继续教育课程在过去几年已花样百出,给会计、国营部门工作者、律师,甚至是足球员等职业提供专门的职业培训.

学生错误表达：(1)

special

industrialtraining点评：没有industrial

training的说法,此外,special含义是"特殊的”,不符合原句的意思.

3-manifest

词典释义：manifest['mæn.ɪ.fest]

formal

verb

transitive

LISTOFPEOPLE

■toshowsomethingclearly,throughsignsoractions

显示;表现;表明•Theworkerschoseto

manifest

theirdissatisfaction

in

aseriesofstrikes.工人决定藉一连串罢工来表达他们的不满.•Theillnessfirst

manifested

itself

in/as

severestomachpains.这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛.•Lackofconfidenceinthecompany

manifested

itself

in

afallintheshareprice.人们对公司缺乏信心,股价下跌正好显示此情况.

外刊例句：TheECHRdrewonArticle9oftheEuropeanConventionon

HumanRightswhichassertstheindividual'srightto

manifest

areligion.

()欧盟人权委员会缓引了欧洲人权宣言的第九条条约,该条约声明了,每个人都有权展示自己的信仰.

替换表达：display/demonstrate/show

4-moreproductive

词典释义：productive

[prə'dʌk.tɪv]

adjective

IMPROVER

■havingpositiveresults

富有成效的

•Wehadavery

productive

meeting-Ifeltwesorted

outalotofproblems.我们开了一个极有成效的会议——我觉得我们解决了很多问题.•Theirswasavery

productive

partnership.他们之间的合作很有成效.

外刊例句：Heisnotaloneinsayingthatcompanieswouldinvestin

newequipmentandbe

moreproductive

ifonlytherewashigherdemandforBritishgoodsandservicesfromits

domesticbusinesses,consumersandtheinternationalcommunity.

()并不只有他认为：除非英国的国内公司和顾客及其他国家都对英国商品和服务有着更大需求,否则公司投入更多到新设备也难以更具生产性.

Q：willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialand

haveamoreproductiveandsatisfyingcareer.这里前面是their

potential,后面是havea...career,为什么后面用单数?A：这里acareer是泛指"职业”,含义等同于careers,haveaproductiveandsatisfyingcareer泛指"有一个高产出和令人满意的职业”.

Q：老师,"促进新知识和新技能发展”,我用了boostthedevelopmentofnew

knowledgeandskills.boost可以用在这里表促进吗?如果用boost是不是要把development去掉呀?我看到字典上说的boost的意思本身就是furtherthedevelopmentof

sth.谢谢老师!A：boostthedevelopment这一用法没问题,《经济学人》中有这样的句子：Thegovernmenthopesthat,asinChina,SEZswill

boostthedevelopment

of

infrastructureandmanufacturing.

Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeand

skills--whetherintheformofindustry-specifictrainingorthe

developmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallow

graduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamoreproductiveand

satisfyingcareer.

[分析]本句的主干是Jobs…willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamore

productiveandsatisfyingcareer.其中,主语部分是Jobs及修饰它的that定语从句,直到第二个破折号结束,在这个定语从句中还包含了一个由whether…or…引导的让步状语从句(两个破折号之内).谓语是willallow,宾语是graduates,其后的两个动词不定式共同作宾语补足语.

2.为了最大限度地提升成功的机会,求职者应该使用他们手头可用的所有工具,特别是互联网.通过上网寻找求职信息,求职人员可以节省时间,获取最新信息,以及扩大他们找工作的范围.To

maximizetheirchancesof

(1.最大限度提升他们……的机会)success,jobseekersshoulduseallthetools

attheirdisposal(2.手头可用的,可供支配的),especiallytheInternet.Byseekingemploymentonline,job-hunterscansavetime,

stayup-to-date(3.获取最新信息),andincreasetheirreach.

1-maximizetheirchancesof

词典释义：maximize

●○○○○inBRIT,alsouse英国英语亦用

maximise1.VERB

动词

使增加至最大限度;充分利用(或重视)

Ifyou

maximize

something,youmakeitasgreatinamountorimportanceasyou

can.

【语法信息】：Vn•Inorderto

maximize

profitthefirmwouldseekto

maximize

output...为了获得最大利润,这家公司会把产量增至最大.

•Theywerelookingforsuitablewaysofmaximisingtheir

electoralsupport.他们正在寻找合适的途径来最大限度地获得选民的支持.

外刊例句：ItperhapsexplainsthatwhileWaleshavebeentalking

abouttheneedtobreakintothetopfouroftheworldrankingsbeforeMay’s

WorldCupdrawto

maximizetheir

chancesof

escapinganotherdifficultpool,theWallabiessaiditwasnot

somethingtheyhadthoughtabout,concernedonlyaboutendingapooryearon

ahighernote.

()这也许可以解析,为何在威尔士大谈球队需要在5月份的世界杯之前冲到世界前四,以尽可能避免分到"死亡小组”时,澳洲橄榄球国家队会说,他们没想过这事,只是想着以尽可能高的排名结束这糟糕的一年.

替换表达：maximizetheiropportunityfor

学生错误表达：(1)

improvethe

chanceof...totheutmostextent点评：表达过于冗长,可以改为maximize

theirchancesof

2-attheirdisposal

词典释义：disposalUK

[dɪ'spəʊ.zəl]

US

[-'spoʊ-]

noun

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whenyougetridofsomething,especiallybythrowingit

away

清除;处理;抛弃•waste

disposal废物处理•the

disposal

ofhazardoussubstances危险物质的处理

atsb'sdisposal

formal

■availabletobeusedbysomeone

可供(某人)使用•IwouldtakeyouifIcould,butIdon'thaveacaratmy

disposal

thisweek.我会尽可能带你去,但是这周我没汽车可用.•Havingsoldthehouseshehadalargesumofmoneyather

disposal

(=tospendasshewanted).卖掉房子后,她手头有一大笔钱可用.

外刊例句：ManyparentsinAmericaareeitherignorantofthetools

attheirdisposal

ortoobusyorlazy

tousethem.

()许多美国父母要么就是对手上的工具置之不理,要么就是因为太忙或者太懒了而不用.

替换表达：

at/on/inhand

3-stayup-to-date这里stay是系动词.

词典释义：stay

●●●●●3.V-LINK

连系动词

保持;维持

Ifsomeoneorsomething

stays

inaparticularstateorsituation,theycontinuetobeinit.

【语法信息】：Vadv/prep

【语法信息】：Vadj

【语法信息】：AlsoVn•TheRepublicancandidatesaidhewould'worklikecrazyto

stay

ahead'.共和党候选人说他将"拼命保持领先优势”.•...communitycarenetworksthatofferclassesonhowto

stay

healthy...开设养生课程的社区保健网络

•Nothing

staysthesameforlong.任何事情都不会长期保持不变.

up-to-date

[ˌʌp.tə'deɪt]

adjective

ADVANCED

■modern,recent,orcontainingthelatestinformation

现代的;最近的;包含最新资讯的•Greattroubleistakentokeepourdatabase

up-to-date.我们花了很大力气不断更新资料库.

外刊例句：ThecompanyalsoworkswiththeSwedishdefenceministryon

variousdigital-imagingproductsinorderto

stayup-to-date.

()这家公司也与瑞典国防部有合作,帮助更新他们的各种数码成像产品.

替换表达：keepup-to-date/getthelatestinformation

Q：查到up-to-date是做形容词表示的.在这里

stayup-to-date是语法有错误吗?这里修饰谁呢?应该是拆开吗?A：stay在这里是连系动词,后面可以接形容词,例如stay

healthy/stayawake/stayhungry,stayfoolish,stay

up-to-date也是同样的道理.

3.那些能上网的求职者随时能够接触到上百份甚至上千份工作信息.这些职位中很多都是在网络上独家发布,或者在其他地方很难搜寻到.Job-hunterswhoareconnectedtotheInternethaveaccesstohundredsoreventhousandsofjobs

attheirfingertips(1.随时可供使用的).Manyofthesepositionsare

postedexclusively

(2.在网上独家发布)onlineorwouldbedifficultto

trackdown

(3.搜寻到)elsewhere.

1-attheirfingertips

词典释义：fingertipUK

['fɪŋ.gə.tɪp]

US

[-gɚ-]

noun

countable

■theendofafinger

指尖

•Useyour

fingertips

togentlyflattenthepastry.用指尖轻轻地把油酥面团弄平.

UK

['fɪŋ.gə.tɪp]

US

[-gɚ-]

noun

countable

atyourfingertips

■Ifyouhavesomethingatyourfingertips,youcangetit

anduseitveryeasily

近在手边;很容易得到;随时可供使用

•Hehasallthelateststatisticsathis

fingertips.他手头上有所有最新的统计值.

外刊例句：Inthepasttheywouldhavewrittensomethingdownona

pieceofpaperforapatientorcarer.Nowtheyhavethewholeworld

attheirfingertips.()他们在过去会用纸把病人的情况记录下来,而现在他们手上拥有着全部信息.

替换表达：readilyavailable

2-arepostedexclusively

词典释义：post6.VERB

动词

发布,公布(信息)

Ifyou

post

informationonthe

Internet,youmaketheinformationavailabletootherpeopleontheInternet.

【语法信息】：beV-ed

【FIELD标签】：COMPUTING计算机•Aconsultationpaperhasbeen

posted

ontheInternetinvitinginputfromNetusers.一份征询意见书已贴在了因特网上,欢迎网络用户发表意见.

exclusive3.ADJ

形容词

(新闻报道)独家的

Ifanewspaper,magazine,orbroadcasting

organizationdescribesoneofitsreportsas

exclusive,theymeanthat

itisaspecialreportwhichdoesnotappearinanyotherpublicationoron

anyotherchannel.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn•Hetoldthemagazineinan

exclusive

interview：'Allmyproblemsstemfromdrink'.他在接受一家杂志社的独家采访时说："我所有的问题都是饮酒造成的.”An

exclusive

isanexclusivearticleorreport.

独家报道;独家文章•Somepapersthoughttheyhadan

exclusive.一些报纸认为自己是独家报道.

外刊例句：Executivessaytheywillbelookingfor"enthusiastic

andenergetic"crew-memberswhowanttotakepartin"demolishing

oneofthemostcontroversialconstructionsofthe20thcentury".All

jobpositionswill

beposted

exclusively

onwww.hotrecruit.co.uk.

()该管理负责人称,他们会一直寻求致力于"拆毁这20世纪最具争议性建筑群”的热心员工.而所以的工作岗位信息都将刊登于www.hotrecruit.co.uk上.

学生错误表达：(1)

exclusive

release／issue点评：exclusive是形容词,这里要改为副词才能修饰动词,此外,issue一般指"发布(声明、命令);正式发行(邮票、股票等)”,用在语境中不合适.这里可以改为areposted/releasedexclusively

3-trackdown

词典释义：trackdown

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

追踪到;追查到;搜寻到

Ifyou

trackdown

someoneorsomething,youfindthem,orfindinformationabout

them,afteradifficultorlongsearch.

【语法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【语法信息】：VnP•Shehadspentyearstryingto

trackdown

herparents...她已经花了好多年时间试图追寻父母的下落.

•Idon'tknowwherethatoldstorycamefrom,I'venever

beenabletotrackitdown.我不知道这则旧传闻的出处,我从来没能考证出结果.

外刊例句：InthefirstsuchstudyinBrazil,100census-takersfrom

FIPE,aresearchcentre,triedto

track

down

everyhomelesspersonwithinthecityboundary.()在巴西进行的最早实验里,100多名来自FIPE研究中心的调查员竭尽全力搜寻于该城市边界游荡的无家可归者.

替换表达：find/digup/huntdown

Q：请问魏老师,句子什么时候用may,could,would可以像例句一样用来调整句子的语气,谢谢A：句子中wouldbedifficulttotrackdown,其中用would来更加客气地表明观点,这一点可以参考下面剑桥词典的解释：

[wʊd]

[wəd]

[əd]

modalverb

OPINION

观点

ESSENTIAL

(also

'd)

■usedtoexpressanopinioninapolitewaywithout

beingforceful

(用于礼貌地表明观点)•I

would

imagineweneedtospeaktotheheadteacherabout

thisfirst.我猜想我们需要先去问问校长有关这件事的意见.•It'snotwhatwe

would

have

expectedfroma

professionalservice.这可不是我们期望从一所专业服务机构得到的服务.

关于may/could/would这几个情态动词更加详细的用法,可以参考张满胜的《英语语法新思维》的中级教程.

4.尽管看起来,拥有更加强大的财政资源的大型企业与他们的小同行相比能够提供更好的工作稳定性,但事实并非总是如此.如今,大公司通常在经济危机初期就开始裁员,甚至能一次就解雇上千名员工.Althoughitmayseemthatlargeorganisations,equippedwithstrongerfinancialresources,wouldbeabletoprovidebetterjobstabilitythantheirsmaller

counterparts(1.同行),

thisisnotalwaysthecase(2.事实并非总是如此).Nowadays,large-scalefirmsoften

downsize

(3.裁员,紧缩编制)atthefirstsignofeconomictroubleandmayeven

layoff

(4.解雇)thousandsofemployeesatonce.

1-counterparts

词典释义：counterpart

●●●○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

职能(或地位)相当的人;对应的事物

Someone'sorsomething's

counterpart

isanotherperson

orthingthathasasimilarfunctionorpositioninadifferentplace.

【搭配模式】：withsupp•TheForeignSecretarytelephonedhisItalian

counterpart

toprotest.外交部长致电意大利外长表示抗议.

•TheFinnishorganizationwasverydifferentfromthatof

its

counterpartsintherestoftheNordicregion.芬兰的这一机构和北欧其他国家的同类机构迥然不同.

外刊例句：Inventurecapital,thelargerfundsofthe1990stendedto

performbetterthantheirsmaller

counterparts

inthe1980s.

()在风险投资行业里,上世纪90年代的大型基金要比那些80年代比他们小的基金做得好.

替换表达：thansmallercompaniesintheirtrade

学生错误表达：(1)

peers点评：peer是指"同龄人”,而原句要求我们表达"同行业的公司”,因此不能用peers(2)

fellows点评：fellow同样是指人,例如：Wooderson'scourageearnedhimtherespectofhisfellows.伍德森的勇气赢得了同事的尊敬.它不能用来指公司.

2-thisisnotalwaysthecase

词典释义：be(not)the

case17.PHRASE

短语

是这样;是这种情况

Ifyousaythatsomething

isthecase,youmeanthat

itistrueorcorrect.

【搭配模式】：Vinflects•You'llprobablynoticeherhavingdifficultyswallowing.

Ifthisisthe

case,giveherplentyofliquids...你可能会注意到她吞咽有困难.要是这样的话,让她多吃流食.•Consumershadhopedthehigherpriceswouldmeanmore

goodsinstores.Butthatwasnotthe

case.消费者本来以为,物价上涨了,店里的商品会增多;但是情况并非如此.

外刊例句：TheBritishdebateaboutEuropehaslongbeenweakenedbya

tendencyofpro-Europeanstoavoidgrandargumentsandtoconcentrateon

practicaladvantages.

Thiswasnot

alwaysthecase.

()挺欧风气一直削弱着英国人关于欧盟的讨论,使其避免了激烈争论,只谈实际好处.然而,事实并非总是如此.

学生错误表达：(1)

theactualis

notalwayslikethis点评：actual是形容词,这里应该改为名词actuality

3-downsize

词典释义：downsize['daʊn.saɪz]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

■Ifyoudownsizeacompanyororganization,youmakeit

smallerbyreducingthenumberofpeopleworkingforit,andifitdownsizes,

itbecomessmallerinthisway

(使)减员,(使)(公司或组织)瘦身

•to

downsize

yourworkforce/company减少你的劳动力人数／实行公司减员•TheplightoftheAsianeconomyisforcingbusinessesto

downsize.亚洲经济所处的困境正迫使企业进行裁员.

外刊例句：Thisdramatic

downsizing

isjustthelatestchapterinKodak'stransitionfromitstraditional

businessoffilm-and-paperphotographytothatofthefilm-lessdigitalsort.

()柯达意图从传统的影像及图像拍摄公司转型为数码摄影公司,而这次大规模裁员便是这次转型的最新阶段.

替换表达：cutbackonstaff/prunebacktheirworkforce/scaledowntheir

workforce/slimdown

学生错误表达：(1)

cutoverheads

点评：overheads是指企业的运营费用,例如：Wearehavingtocutourcoststoreduceoverheadsandremain

competitive.我们现在必须减少开支以降低营运费用,保持竞争力.Cutoverheads是指减少企业的运营费用,不是指裁员.

4-layoff

词典释义：layoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短语动词

Se