（高考英语作文炼句）第29篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.今天的能源公司极为在乎形象,他们会不余遗力地避免关于破坏环境的不利报道.Energycompaniestodayareextremely

image-conscious(1.在乎形象)and

gooutoftheirwayto

(2.不余遗力地)avoid

badpublicity

(3.不利报道)overenvironmentaldamage.

1-image-conscious

词典释义：image['ɪm.ɪdʒ]

noun

ESSENTIAL

countable

or

uncountable

■thewaythatsomethingorsomeoneisthoughtofbyother

people

(他人心中的)形象,印象;声誉•Theaimistoimprovethe

public

image

of

thepolice.目的在于改善员警的公众形象.•Thecompanyhasmadestrenuousattemptstoimproveits

image

inrecentyears.公司近年来作出了极大的努力来改善自身形象.•He'sterribly

image

-conscious

(=triesto

dressandbehaveinawaythatotherpeoplewilladmire).他非常在意自己的形象.

外刊例句：Anincreasingnumberof

image-conscious

propertieshavebegunconnectingthedotsbetween

unbylinedwrite-upsthatappearonsuchpopulartravelsitesasTripAdvisor

orYelp,andyourpersonalinformation,suchasyourloyaltyprogram

preferences.

()越来越多在意形象的酒店开始把诸如TripAdvisor和Yelp等著名旅游网站的匿名评论与顾客的个人信息(比如对于忠诚计划的喜好)联系在一起.

2-gooutofone’swaytodo

词典释义：gooutof

one'sway

phrasal

：

totakespecialpains

：

actwithorasifwithadeliberate

purpose

<

went

outofhisway

tostimulateconsumptionwhileretainingstrictcurbson

investment

—

New

Statesman&Nation

>

<could

havedeceivedonlythosewho

wentoutoftheirway

tobedeceived

—

R.D.Altick>

外刊例句：Therearealsoacollectionofvirusesthat

gooutoftheirwayto

looklike

ransomwaresuchasCryptolocker,butwhichwon’thandbackthedataif

victimspay.()同样有大量病毒软件竭尽所能表现得像Cryptolocker那样的勒索软件,不过它们却就算收到了受害者的钱也不会退回数据资料.

替换表达：gotogreatlengthstodo/sparenoefforttodo/dotheirutmost

todo

3-badpublicity

词典释义：publicity

●●●○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

宣传;报道

Publicity

isinformationoractionsthatareintendedtoattractthe

public'sattentiontosomeoneorsomething.•Muchadvance

publicity

wasgiventothetalks...对于这次会谈有很多前期报道.•...government

publicity

campaigns...政府宣传活动•Itwasalla

publicity

stunt.这完全是个宣传噱头.2.N-UNCOUNT

不可数名词

(媒体或公众的)关注

Whenthenewsmedia

andthepublicshowalotofinterestinsomething,youcansaythatitis

receiving

publicity.•Thecasehasgeneratedenormous

publicity

inBrazil.这个案件已经在巴西引起了极大的关注.

•...therenewed

publicity

overtheCaseyaffair.对凯西事件的再次关注

外刊例句：Yetifyourstartingpointisobscurity,even

badpublicity

maybehelpful,argues

AlanSorensen,aneconomicsprofessoratStanfordUniversity'sGraduate

SchoolofBusiness.

()斯坦福桥商学院的经济学教授阿兰·索仁森认为,你的起点若默默无闻,那么就算是不利报道也可能带来好处.

替换表达：adverse/negative/unfavorablepublicity,negativepresscoverage

学生错误表达：(1)

Harmfulreports

点评：harmfulreports是指"有害的报道”,用在这里意思不准确,可以改为badpublicity

Q：请问：badpublicity后面的over是publicity的常用搭配吗?也就是说good/badpublicity

oversth.A：是的,publicityoversomething是一个常见搭配,例如柯林斯词典例句：...therenewedpublicityovertheCaseyaffair.对凯西事件的再次关注

2.投资道路基础设施会是改善交通流量的一个好方法,而发展化石燃料的替代品对提升空气质量有很大帮助.Investinginroadinfrastructurewouldbeagoodmethodof

improvingtrafficflow(1.改善交通流量),anddevelopmentof

alternatives

(2.……的替代品)tofossilfuelswould

goalongwaytowards

(3.对……很有帮助)improvingairquality.

1-improvetrafficflow

词典释义：improve[ɪm'pru：v]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

ESSENTIAL

■to(causesomethingto)getbetter

改进;改善•Hedidalotto

improve

conditionsforfactory

workers.他为改善工厂工人的工作条件做了许多工作.•Ithoughtthebestwayto

improve

myFrenchwasto

liveinFrance.我认为提高我的法语水准的最好办法是到法国生活.•Herhealthhas

improved

dramaticallysinceshe

startedonthisnewdiet.自从开始这种新的饮食,她的健康状况大为改善.

flowUK

[fləʊ]

US

[floʊ]

noun

MOVEMENT

动作

ADVANCED

countableusually

singular

■themovementof

somethinginonedirection

流动,向某方向的移动•the

flow

of

ariver河水的流动•the

flow

of

traffic车流•the

flow

ofblood血液的流动

外刊例句：Wirelesscommunicationtechnologythatallowscarstotalk

toeachothercould

improvetraffic

flow,increasethenumberofcarsthatahighwaycanaccommodateand

reducefuelconsumption.

()能使司机间相互交流的信息交流技术可改善交通流量,让更多司机在高速公路上互相礼让,减少汽油消耗.

学生错误表达：(1)

Improvethe

trafficflow点评：trafficflow是不可数名词,且这里是泛指,前面不能加定冠词the

2-alternativestosthalternativetoA是"代替A的另一方式”,而alternativeofA是"A这种替代方式(替代谁需要看上文)”.

词典释义：alternative

UK

[ɒl'tɜ：.nə.tɪv]

US

[ɑ：l'tɝ：.nə.tˌɪv]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisdifferentfromsomethingelse,

especiallyfromwhatisusual,andofferingthepossibilityofchoice

(尤指不同于平常事物的)可供选择的事物;可供选择的解决办法•an

alternative

to

coffee咖啡代用品•Theremustbean

alternative

to

people

sleepingonthestreets.一定要想办法解决街头露宿者的问题.•I'mafraidIhave

noalternative

butto

ask

youtoleave(=thatiswhatIhavetodo).恐怕我别无选择,只有让你离开.

外刊例句：What,then,arethe

alternatives

to

austerity?Well,firstupwouldbeanintegrationthatwouldhelp

breakthediabolicalloopnowguttingtheperiphery.()那么,什么是经济紧缩计划的替代品呢?好吧,首推经济整合方案,它有助于破解这个正损害边缘人群利益的恶心循环.

替换表达：substitute

3-goalongwaytowards

词典释义：goalongwaytowardsdoingsomething

phrase

if

somethinggoesalongwaytowardsdoingsomething,ithelpssomeoneto

achievesomething

Themoneyraisedwillgoalongwaytowardspayingfor

Freddie’smedicaltreatment.

例句：TheBurmesegovernment's

mainaimsremainedtheliftingofwesternsanctionsandconfirmationofits

chairmanshipoftheAssociationofSouth-EastAsianNations(Asean)in2014–

whichwould

goalongwaytowards

normalisingthecountry'sinternationalposition.

()缅甸政府的首要目标仍是让西方世界撤销对其制裁,以及巩固其于2014东盟的领袖地位.这些方案将有利于缅甸使其世界地位恢复正常.

替换表达：beofgreathelp/servesthwell

Q：看了词典,例句里flow前都要加冠词?A：trafficflow是不可数名词,如果traffic

flow是泛指,则前面不需要加冠词,例如：improvetrafficflow;如果trafficflow是特指,则前面要加冠词,例如：improvethe

trafficflowofthiscity

Q：alternative是二者择一的,那如果是三者或三者以上的替代品或者供选择应该用哪个词呢?A：可以用substitute,此外,alternative并不一定是二者选一,可以参考下面的说明：

Sometraditionalistsholdthatalternativeshouldbeused

onlyinsituationswherethenumberofchoicesinvolvedisexactlytwo,

becauseoftheword'shistoricalrelationtoLatinalter,"theotheroftwo.”

H.W.Fowler,amongothers,hasconsideredthisrestrictionafetish.TheUsage

Panelisevenlydividedontheissue,with49percentacceptingthe

sentenceOfthethreealternatives,thefirstistheleastdistasteful.·

Alternativeisalsosometimesusedtorefertoavariantorsubstitutein

caseswherethereisnoelementofchoiceinvolved,asinWewilldoourbest

tosecurealternativeemploymentforemployeesdisplacedbytheclosingof

thefactory.Thissentenceisunacceptableto60percentoftheUsagePanel.

·Alternativeshouldnotbeconfusedwithalternate.CorrectusagerequiresThe

classwillmeetonalternate(notalternative)Tuesdays.

有些持传统观点的人认为alternative只能严格地用在二者择一的情况下,因为这个词来源于拉丁语alter

,意思是"二者中的另外一个”.包括H.W.福勒的其他人认为这种限制是一种迷信.用法专题小组中持这两种意见的人各占一半,49％的人都接受这句话在三个选项中,第一个是最不让人讨厌的.

Alternative

如果没有供选择的成分存在,其有时也指一个变体或替换的事物,如我们将尽全力保证因工厂倒闭而离开岗位的雇员以某种方式就业.

语言用法专题小组中60％的人不接受这句话.Alternative不能和alternate混淆.正确的用法要求：全班每隔(不是alternative

)星期二见一次面.

3.燃料价格更低所带来的经济效益巨大.更低的燃料价格产生的连锁反应几乎可以让所有东西更加便宜.因此,阻止新的石油和天然气储备的开发是不现实的.The

economicbenefits

(1.经济效益)ofcheaperfuelareenormous.The

knock-oneffect

(2.连锁反应)oflowerfuelpricesmakesalmosteverythingcheaper.Therefore,preventingnewexplorationofoilandgasreservesis

impractical(3.不现实的).

1-theeconomicbenefits

词典释义：economicUK

[i：.kə'nɒm.ɪk/

UK

[ek.ə-]

US

[-'nɑ：.mɪk]

adjective

COUNTRY'S

ECONOMY

国家经济

ESSENTIAL

[before

noun]

■relatingtotrade,industryandmoney

经济的;经济上的•Thecountryhasbeeninaverypoor

economic

state

eversincethedeclineofitstwomajorindustries.自从这个国家的两大主要产业衰退后,其经济一直萎靡不振.•Thegovernment's

economic

policies

haveled

usintotheworstrecessionforyears.政府的经济政策使我们遭遇了多年来最为严重的经济衰退.

benefit['ben.ɪ.fɪt]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■ahelpfulorgoodeffect,orsomethingintendedtohelp

利益,好处;优势•Thediscoveryofoilbroughtmany

benefits

tothe

town.石油的发现给该镇带来很多利益.•Oneofthemany

benefits

of

foreigntravel

islearninghowtocopewiththeunexpected.学会如何应付突发事件是海外旅游的众多益处之一.•He'shad

thebenefit

of

anexpensive

educationandyethecontinuestoworkasawaiter.他接受过昂贵的教育,但却继续当一名侍者.•Ididn't

get/derive(much)benefit

from

school.我从没在学校里学到(多少)东西.•Withthe

benefit

ofhindsight

(=Helpedby

theknowledgesincelearned)itiseasyforustoseewherewewentwrong.透过事后反省,我们比较容易认清自己所犯的错误.•slightly

formal

Shedrinksalotlessnow,

tothebenefit

of

herhealthasawhole.她现在酒喝得很少了,身体健康状况整体上也有所改善.

外刊例句：The

economic

benefits

ofoffshoringhavebeenimmense.Forworkersinlow-costcountries

ithasmeantjobsandrapidlyrisingstandardsofliving.Rich-worldworkers

havebeenabletoleavethedrudgeworktosomeoneelse.

()海外建厂能带来巨大经济利益.这对于低收入国家的工人来说,意味着更多工作岗位和生活待遇提高,而对于富裕国家的工人来说,则是可以让他们把苦力活让给别人做.

替换表达：financialbenefits

学生错误表达：(1)

Benefitsof

finance点评：表达不准确,benefitsof

finance是指"金融的好处”,这里应该改为financialbenefits(2)

economical

benefit点评：用词不当,economical是指"经济的,节约的”,例如：What'sthemosteconomicalwayofheatingthisbuilding?给这栋大楼供应暖气,怎样做才是最经济的方法?这里应该改为economicbenefits(3)

economic/

financialprofits点评：economic/

financialprofits是指金钱形式的利润,而economicbenefits是指"经济效益(范围比利润要广)”,这里用economicbenefits更加合适.

2-theknock-oneffectofsth

词典释义：knock-on

effectUK

['nɒk.ɒn.ɪˌfekt]

US

['nɑ：k.ɑ：n-]

mainlyUK

noun

countableusuallysingular

■Whenaneventorsituationhasaknock-oneffect,it

causesothereventsorsituationsbutnotdirectly

连锁反应•Ifoneortwotrainsrunlate,it

has

aknock-on

effectontheentirerailservice.如果有一两列火车延误,会影响整个铁路系统.

外刊例句：Anissuementionedtime

andagainbyrespondentswas

the

knock-oneffectof

experiencedteachersleavingtheprofession,which

impoverishedtheentiresystem.

()回答者不停提到的问题就是,富有经验的老师离开岗位后将带来连锁反应,使整个教育系统质量降低.

替换表达：therippleeffect/thedominoeffect/chainreaction

学生错误表达：(1)

knockdown

effect点评：knockdown是"击倒”的意思,这里应该改为knock-oneffect(2)

continuous

effect点评：没有continuouseffect的说法,要改为knock-oneffect(3)

serial

reaction点评：这里应该改为固定说法chain

reaction

3-impractical

词典释义：impractical

[ɪm'præk.tɪ.kəl]

adjective

■Impracticalarrangements,ideasormethodscannotbedone

orusedeasilyoreffectively

(安排、想法或方法)不切实际的,不现实的

•It's

impractical

tohavesomanypeoplealltrying

tousethisequipmentatthesametime.要让这么多人同时使用这个设备是不切实际的.

外刊例句：Theethicofresponsibilityholdsthatsuchstancesarenot

merely

impractical

butwrong,and

thatwhatwillnotworkcannotbemoral.

()根据责任感的道德准则,这种观点不切实际,完全错误,而且任何无法成行的做法都难称有道德.

替换表达：impracticable/unrealistic

Q：魏老师,像"连锁反应”的说法,真的不会说,这个时候该怎么办呢?谢谢.A：这要靠平时的积累,平时可以多阅读外刊文章还有查词典,积累这些常见表达.

Q：燃料价格更低所带来的经济效益巨大处理为Lowerfuelpricesbringhuge

economicbenefits是否可以呢?A：可以的.

Q：knock-oneffect和ripple

effect有什么区别吗?A：两者是同义词.

Q：economy在表示经济体制的意思外,还表示有节约的意思,是不是类同economical?而表示和经济相关的..时应该使用economic??A：economy可以表示"节约”的意思,但一般与商品、旅行等搭配,例如economytravel/size/pack,economical含义是"经济的,节约的”,例如：Asmallcarismoreeconomicaltorun.开小型汽车比较经济.Economic是指"经济上的”,例如：Economicgrowthis

slow.经济增长缓慢.

4.毫无疑问,提高汽油的价格能减少路上车辆的数目.总会有人在相对不重要的出行前再三考虑,甚至有人会首先重新思考要不要买车的问题.Thereislittledoubtthatincreasingpetrolpriceswoulddecreasethenumberofroadusers.Therewouldalwaysbesomewhowould

thinktwiceabout

(1.再三考虑)makinga

relatively(2.相对)unimportantjourney,oreventhosethatwouldreconsiderbuyingacar

inthefirstplace(3.首先).

1-thinktwiceaboutsth

词典释义：thinktwice/again

phrase

1.

tocarefullyconsider

whetherwhatyouareplanningtodoisagoodidea

I’dthinktwice

beforebuyingthatcarifIwereyou.

Avisiblealarmmakesburglarsthinktwice.

外刊例句：Beforeyouthinkwe’velostourminds,Ishouldsaythat

we’reonlyaskingauthorsandillustratorsto

thinktwiceabout

goingtoaparticularfestival–theEmirates

AirlineFestivalofLiteraturethatisheldeveryyearinDubai.

()在你认为我们疯了之前,我想说,我们只是想作者和插画家再三考虑是否要参加这特别的节日——每年在迪拜举行的Emirates航空文学节.

替换表达：thinkagainabout

2-relatively

词典释义：relatively

●●●○○1.ADV

副词

相对而言;比较起来;某种程度上

Relatively

meansto

acertaindegree,especiallywhencomparedwithotherthingsofthesame

kind.

【搭配模式】：ADVadj/adv•Thesumsneededare

relatively

small...需要的金额相对较小.•IliketothinkI'm

relatively

easytogetalongwith.我愿意认为自己相对比较容易相处.

例句：Inthestormyandever-changingworldofglobalfinance,

insurancehasremaineda

relatively

placidbackwater.

()保险行业在这变幻莫测的世界金融世界里,可谓是相对平静的与世隔绝之地.

替换表达：comparatively

3-inthefirstplace

词典释义：inthefirst/second

place

■usedtoseparate

andemphasizereasonsoropinions

第一／第二,首先／其次

•Idon'twanttogoyet-inthefirst

pla