（高考英语作文炼句）第22篇老师译文笔记

PAGEPAGE11.人工智能正以惊人的速度发展,但与此同时,我们要密切关注它,以防止其失控.Artificialintelligenceisadvancing

atabreathlesspace(1.以惊人的速度发展),butatthesametime,weshouldwatchitcarefully

incase(2.以防)it

getsoutofhand(3.失控).

1-advanceatabreathlesspace

词典释义：advanceUK

[əd'vɑ：nts]

US

[-'vænts]

verb

GOFORWARD

前进

ADVANCED

intransitive

or

transitive

■togoormovesomethingforward,ortodeveloporimprovesomething

(使)前进;使进步,使进展;使发展;促进•Thefire

advanced

steadilythroughtheforest.大火在森林中不断蔓延.•Thetroopsadvanced

on

thecity(=approachedit,readytoattack).军队向该城推进.•Wehave

advanced

greatlyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.在认识宇宙方面,我们已经取得长足的进步.•Herstudyhasconsiderablyadvanced

(=helped)the

causeofequalrights.她的研究极大地促进了权利平等运动的事业.•He'sjusttryingto

advance

(=improve)hisown

career.他只是在努力发展自己的事业.

breathless2.ADJ

形容词

令人喘不过气的

Youuse

breathless

foremphasis

whenyouaredescribingfeelingsofexcitementorexcitingsituations.

【搭配模式】：ADJn

【语用信息】：emphasis•Technologyhasadvancedata

breathless

pace.技术进步速度惊人,日新月异.•...the

breathless

excitementofearly1988,whenhundredsand

thousandsofcitizensgatherednightlyforpoliticalmeetings.1988年年初,兴奋与狂热的情绪令人窒息,成百上千的市民每晚聚在一起参加政治集会

外刊例句：Chileisthemostdynamic,withitsproducersexploringnew

grapevarieties,stylesandsites

ata

breathlesspace,whileArgentinahasbeenconsolidatingitstraditional

strength：malbec.

()智利充满活力,其葡萄生产商正以惊人速度开发各种味道不一、体型各异的新品种葡萄,而阿根廷则一直在强化其传统优势品种：马尔贝克.

替换表达：advance/growataphenomenalrate

学生错误表达：(1)

Ina

surprisingspeed点评：inaspeed应该改为ataspeed(2)

Atan

alarmingspeed点评：alarming是指"令人担忧的,令人恐惧的”,语言色彩在语境中不恰当.

2-incase(that)...

外刊例句：Incasethat

isnottough

enough,therewillbesticksandcarrotsforgovernmentstomakesurethey

takepeopleback.

()政府以防该方案不够严厉,将对群众软硬兼施,确保能控制住他们.

3-getoutofhand

词典释义：4.

getoutofhand

ifasituationorpersongetsoutofhand,they

becomeimpossibletocontrolanylonger失控：•Thedemonstration

wasgettingoutofhand.示威游行开始失控.

例句：TheFedisrighttothinkthatitisbettertoslowthe

economygraduallythanbeforcedtobringittoascreechinghaltlater,if

wageandpricerises

getoutofhand.

()美联储并没有想错：让经济逐步放缓总好过以后因为薪水和物价上涨失控而被迫给经济"急刹车”,引起民怨.

替换表达：getoutofcontrol

2.因为我们正处于在机器学习上取得突破的边缘,人们对于机器翻译是否会终结传统翻译业务有很多讨论.Asweare

onthebrinkof

(1.处于……的边缘)breakthroughsinmachinelearning,

thereismuchtalkabout

(2.对于……有很多讨论)whethermachinetranslationwill

spelltheendof(3.终结……)traditionaltranslationbusinesses.

1-onthebrinkof

词典释义：brink

●●○○○1.N-SING

单数名词

边缘

Ifyouare

onthebrinkof

something,usuallysomethingimportant,terrible,orexciting,youarejust

abouttodoitorexperienceit.

【搭配模式】：usuon/to/fromtheNofn•Theireconomyisteeteringonthe

brink

ofcollapse...他们的经济徘徊在崩溃的边缘.

•Failuretocommunicatehadbroughtthetwonationstothe

brink

ofwar.沟通不畅使这两个国家濒于战争的边缘.

外刊例句：In2017,16millionpeopleare

onthebrinkof

starvationanddesperatelyinneedoffood,water

andmedicaltreatment.

()1600万人民在2017年徘徊在饿死的边缘,极度缺乏食物、水和医疗措施.

替换表达：beonthevergeofsomething

学生错误表达：(1)

ontherimof点评：rim是指圆形物体的边缘,ontherimofsomething不可用来指"处于……的边缘”,这里可以改为beontheverge/brinkofsomething(2)

onthemargin

of点评：onthemargin是指"处于边缘地位,处于非主体地位(意为无权无势,缺乏影响力)”,例如：unemployedyouthslivingonthemarginsofsociety生活在社会边缘的失业青年,短语用在此处不合适.(3)

ontheedge

ofsomething点评：ontheedgeof

something一般指"(处于坏事的)边缘,临界点”,例如：Theyhavedriventhe

rhinototheedgeofextinction.他们已经令犀牛濒临灭绝.用在语境中不合适.

2-thereismuchtalkabout注意这里talk是不可数名词.

词典释义：talk3.usedasanuncountablenounIfthereistalkaboutsomething,peopleare

discussingit.Therewasalotof

talkabout

me

gettingmarried.

■rumour,gossip,orspeculation

谣言,说法

thereistalkofanarmistice.

有休战的传言.Hearsay,rumor,orspeculation：传闻、谣言或猜测：Thereistalkof

bankruptcy.有传闻说要破产

外刊例句：Thereismuchtalkabout

subsidiesfor

high-speedbroadband,butothercausesaremoredeserving.

()关于高速宽带导致自杀的讨论络绎不绝,但其实其他原因更值得讨论.

3-spelltheendof

词典释义：spell3.VERB

动词

意味着,招致(常常是不愉快的结果)

Ifsomething

spells

aparticularresult,oftenanunpleasantone,itsuggeststhat

thiswillbetheresult.

【语法信息】：Vn

【搭配模式】：nocont•Iftheirrigationplangoesahead,itcould

spell

disasterforthebirds...如果灌溉计划开始实施,它可能会给鸟类带来灾难.

•Areporthasjustarrivedongovernmentdeskswhich

spellsmoretrouble.刚刚有一份报告被送到政府手中,这意味着将要出现更多的麻烦.

▪

end

Moreover,suchamovewouldprobably

spell

the

end

ofthe

Greens'dayinthepoliticalsun.

Thesenewrules

spell

the

end

ofjobsaswehaveknownthem.

NotonlywasthedeathofDiegothecauseofpersonalsorrow,italso

spelled

the

end

ofhisfamilyline.

Theincreasemay

spell

the

end

tomorethanayearofintense

pricecompetitionintheindustry,analystssaid.

Sterilityitselfcannotbeselectedfor,assuccesswould

spell

the

automatic

end

ofthelineinvolved.

外刊例句：Thepopularityofvegetarianism

spellstheendof

40yearsofthedistinctiverestaurantchain,

writesSimonRogers.

()西蒙·罗杰斯写道,素食主义盛行,将给40年来与众不同的餐饮连锁业敲响丧钟.

替换表达：putanendtosth、deal/beadeathblowto

sth

学生错误表达：(1)

takethe

placeof/replace点评：taketheplaceof含义是"代替,取代”,不能用来表示"终结”的意思.(2)

supersede点评：supersede含义是"替代,取代(尤指陈旧或过时之物)”,用在这里不合适.3.因为担心电子商务会使线下实体商业过时,很多传统公司开始升级它们的服务,并且与消费者建立更加紧密的联系.Fearingthate-commercemightsoon

render

(1.使得……)brick-and-mortar

(2.实体的)businessesobsolete,manytraditionalcompaniesbegintoupgradetheirservicesand

forgecloserlinkswith(3.与……建立紧密的联系)customers.

1-rendersth.adjadj这里作宾语sth的补足语,注意adj不可以换成tobeadj的形式.

词典释义：renderUK

['ren.dər]

US

[-dɚ]

verb

transitive

CAUSE

引起

formal

■tocausesomeoneorsomethingtobeinaparticularstate

使成为;使变得;使处于某种状态•[+adj]Hisrudeness

rendered

me

speechless.他的粗暴无礼让我哑口无言.•Newtechnologyhas

rendered

myoldcomputer

obsolete.新技术发展太快,我的旧电脑已经过时了.

外刊例句：PartsofChina,Indiaand

theeasternUScouldallbecometoowarminsummerforpeopletoloseheatby

sweating—rendering

suchareaseffectivelyuninhabitable.()中国部分地区、印度和美国东部地区的夏天实在太热了,人们汗如雨下——在此影响下,这些地区几乎无法居住.

替换表达：makesthadj/causesthtobeadj

2-brick-and-mortar

词典释义：brick-and-mortar

AHD：

[brīkʹənd-môrʹtər]

D.J.

[ˌbraɪkəndˈmɔːtə]

K.K.

[ˌbraɪkəndˈmɔrtɚ]adj.(形容词)Locatedorservingconsumersinaphysical

facilityasdistinctfromprovidingremote,especiallyonline,services：砖块与石灰的,传统的：位于实物设施中的或在实物设施中为消费者提供服务的,与远距离服务(尤指在线服务)不同：brick-and-mortar

classrooms;abrick-and-mortarbookstore.传统教室;传统书店

brick-and-mortar

adjective

or

bricks-and-mortar

Date：

1992

：

relatingtoorbeingatraditionalbusinessservingcustomersinabuilding

ascontrastedtoanonlinebusiness

<a

brick-and-mortar

store>

外刊例句：Bankslongseenas

brick-and-mortar

enthusiasts,suchasJPMorganChase,haveannouncedretrenchmentplans.

()像摩根大通等银行似乎是传统业务的爱好者,他们宣布了一项开支紧缩计划.

3-forgecloserlinkswith

词典释义：forge

●●○○○1.V-RECIP

相互动词

缔造;建立

Ifonepersonorinstitution

forges

anagreementorrelationshipwithanother,theycreateitwitha

lotofhardwork,hopingthatitwillbestrongorlasting.

【语法信息】：Vnwithn

【语法信息】：pl-nVn

【语法信息】：NON-RECIP：Vnbetweenpl-n

【语法信息】：Vn•ThePrimeMinisterisdeterminedto

forge

agoodrelationshipwithAmerica'snewleader...首相决意要和美国的新任领导人建立良好的关系.•Theyagreedto

forge

closereconomicties...他们同意建立更加紧密的经济联系.

•Theprogrammeaimsto

forge

linksbetweenhighereducationandsmallbusinesses...这个项目旨在为高等教育和小企业之间建立联系.•TheCommunitywastryingto

forge

a

commonforeignandsecuritypolicy.这个共同体试图形成共同的外交和安全政策.

▪

links

Partnerships-Howto

forge

moreformal

links

withyourforeign

counterpartsforjointventures.

Thatgroupishelpingto

forge

stronger

links

between

mainstreamandcomplementaryapproachestopromotinghealthandmanaging

illness.

TheEducationSub-Grouphas

forged

links

withschoolsof

architectureandpractitioners.

Theseorganizationsplayedadecisiverolein

forging

patient

links

withtheoutsideworld.

Theyatleastareawareofthepotentialofrelationshipsbetweenthe

differentlevelsandmaybe

forging

someco-operative

links

betweenthem.

外刊例句：Inaninauspicioussignfor"Empire2.0”,thenickname

Britishofficialsusefortheirplanto

forge

closerlinkswith

theCommonwealth,thevastmajorityofBritain’sformer

coloniesbackedMauritiusorabstained.

()大多数英国的前殖民地国家因为"帝国2.0”计划(英国官员为了听起来与英联邦有更深联系而提的计划名字)前景暗淡,决定支持毛里求斯或者是放弃投票.

替换表达：establishstronglinkswith

学生错误表达：(1)

Maketighter

contactwith点评：makecontactwith含义是"与……取得联系”,例如：We'dliketomakecontactwithotherschoolsinthearea.我们想和这个地区的其他学校取得联络.短语用在语境中不准确.

Q：老师,当我不知道"实体商业”怎么表达的时候,而句子里面又出现了"电子商务”,那traditional

business/traditionalone可以表达出与新兴的电子商务相对应的传统的"实体经济”吗?谢谢老师!A：可以,traditionalbusiness可以表示与online

business相对应的"实体经济”.

Q：实体商业entitybusinesses对不对?A：不对,不可以按照中文字面意思照翻过去,应该改为brick-and-mortarbusiness

Q：字典上显示是"bricks-and-mortar”,"brick”后面的"s”到底要不要加呢?A：brick-and-mortar或者bricks-and-mortar两个都可以.

4.一些行为学专家指出电子游戏实际上在游戏者的脑海中演练了暴力行为,所以当在现实生活中遇到相似的情景时这些游戏者自己就更可能使用暴力.Somebehaviouralexpertshave

raisedtheideathat(1.指出……)videogames

effectively

(2.实际上)rehearse

(3.演练)violentbehaviourinthemindofthegamer,sowhenfacedwith

(4.遇到……)similarsituationsinreallifethesegamersaremorelikelytouseviolencethemselves.

1-raisetheideathat

词典释义：raise11.VERB

动词

提起,提出(问题、反对等)

Ifyou

raise

asubject,

anobjection,oraquestion,youmentionitorbringittosomeone's

attention.

【语法信息】：Vn•InthemeetingMrs.Ashrawi

raised

thethreemainconcernsthatthePalestinianshad...会议上,阿什拉维夫人提出了巴勒斯坦人最为关注的三个问题.•Hehadbeenconsultedandhad

raised

noobjections.事先征求了他的意见,他并没有提出异议.

外刊例句：Ingettingtheliberalelitestoengageinadiscussionon

thecausesofsocialproblemsorto

raise

theideathat

thepoorcanhelpthemselves,Magnethasfrequentlybeen

brandedabigot.

()莫里因为让开明精英阶层讨论起社会问题的根源,提出认为穷人能自救的想法,经常被认为是个老顽固.

替换表达：arguethat/pointout

2-effectively

词典释义：effectively

●●○○○1.ADV

副词

其实;实际上

Youuse

effectively

witha

statementoropiniontoindicatethatitisnotaccurateineverydetail,but

thatyoufeelitisareasonabledescriptionorsummaryofaparticular

situation.

【搭配模式】：usuADVbeforev•This

effectively

meansthatthegovernmentdoesnotagreewith

theproposals...这实际上就意味着政府不赞同这些提议.•Theregionwas

effectively

independent.该地区实际上是独立的.

外刊例句：Inaddition,theUSanditsregionalallies-withBritish

backing-regularlyconductair,landandseaexerciseswhich

effectively

rehearseanuclearattack

onthenorthfollowedupbyafull-scaleinvasion.

()此外,美国及其该区域的盟友,在英国的协助下,定期进行海陆空演戏,这有效地练习了如何影响北部遭受核打击及大规模入侵.

替换表达：actually/ineffect

3-rehearse

词典释义：rehearse

●○○○○1.VERB

动词

排练,演练,预演(戏剧、舞蹈或音乐作品)

Whenpeople

rehearse

aplay,dance,orpieceofmusic,theypractiseitinorderto

prepareforaperformance.

【语法信息】：Vn

【语法信息】：Vforn

【语法信息】：V•AgroupofactorsarerehearsingaplayaboutJoanof

Arc...一群演员正在排演一出关于圣女贞德的戏.•Tensofthousandsofpeoplehavebeenrehearsingforthe

openingceremonyintheworkers'stadium...数万人一直在工人体育馆为开幕式进行排练.

•Thecastandcrewwereonlygiventhreeandahalfweeks

to

rehearse.演员和剧组工作人员只有3个半星期的时间进行排练.

外刊例句：Inthefuture,everybighospitalcouldhaveaStar

Trek-styleholodeckwheresurgeonscouldplanand

rehearse

complexoperationsona3Dprojectionofthepatient.()所以大医院在未来都会设有像星际迷航般的holodeck,手术医务人员可以在那里用病人的3D模型先设计和操练复杂的手术.

替换表达：practise

4-whenfacedwith当我们说某人面临某事时,既可以说somebodyisfacedwithsomething,也可以说somebody

facessomething

词典释义：face4.VERB

动词

面临;面对;摆在…面前

Ifyou

face

or

arefaced

withsomethingdifficultorunpleasant,orifit

faces

you,itis

goingtoaffectyouandyouhavetodealwithit.

【语法信息】：Vn

【语法信息】：beV-edwithn•Williams

faceslifeinprisonifconvictedofattempted

murder...如被判谋杀未遂,威廉斯将面临终身监禁.•TheimmensedifficultiesfacingEuropeanbusinessmenin

Russiawereonlytooevident...在俄罗斯的欧洲商人所面临的巨大困难是显而易见的.

•Weare

facedwithaseriousproblem.我们面临着一个严重问题.

外刊例句：Civilsocietyremainsstrong,andthegovernmentresponds

topublicpressure：lastyearitbackeddownfromastrictabortionlaw

whenfacedwith

massiveprotests.()公民社会依旧影响力十足,政府得对公众压力做出回答：政府于去年因为面临着大量抗议,它撤销了一项严厉的堕胎法案.

替换表达：whenconfrontedwith/by,whendealingwith

学生错误表达：(1)

occur点评：occur是指"事情发生”,例如：Theexplosionoc