2019年高考英语一轮复习专题01Festivalsaroundtheworld（押题专练）新人教版必修3

专题01Festivalsaroundtheworld第一节阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。APersuasionistheartofconvincingsomeonetoagreewithyou.AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion：ethos,pathos,andlogos.Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatsheistrustworthy,honestandreliable.Onemonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall,you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Aspeakercanalsocreateethosbyconvincingtheaudiencethatsheisagoodperson.Ifanaudiencecannottrustyou,youwillnotbeabletopersuadethem.Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample,apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear,thusmakingthemsupporthim.Similarly,ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepictureofinjureddogsandcats,tomaketheviewersfeelpity.Iftheaudiencefeelsbadfortheanimals,theywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbemorelikelytobelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”.Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.Indeed,mostspeakersuseabinationofethos,pathos,andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences.So,thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech,watchamercial,orlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney,beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.1．Whydoestheauthorsaypersuasionisanart?A．Theybothentertaintheaudience.B．Theybothrequiregreatskilltoachieve.C．Theybothdemandfullattentionfromtheaudience.D．TheywerebothmontopicsofancientGreekwriters.解析：主旨大意题。文章首先说劝服是一种让别人相信认同你的艺术，然后具体介绍了古希腊提出的三种基本工具的用法和对观众产生的影响，强调的是劝服的技巧性，所以说劝服是一门艺术。B项意为“它们都要求很高的技巧性”，符合题意。故正确答案为B。答案：B2．Howisaspeakerabletoshowherethostotheaudience?A．Byexpressinghersympathywiththeaudience.B．Bytellingtheaudienceaboutherpersonalpreference.C．Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakeherstatementsattractive.D．Byshowingherknowledgeandexperiencerelatingtothetopic.答案：D3．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeaspectsofpersuasion?A．Ethosisthemostimportantaspectofpersuasion.B．Eachaspecthasadifferenteffectontheaudience.C．Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.D．Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudience.解析：细节理解题。文章介绍了persuasion的三个基本工具也就是ethos，pathos和logos，并分别说明了每个工具的作用以及具体的使用方法。B项意为“每个方面都能对观众产生不同的影响”，符合题意。A项，“Ethos是说服最重要的一个方面”。文中仅仅介绍了三个方面的不同作用，并没提及哪个更为重要，A项错误。C项，“坦诚是使你的观点增强可信度的关键”。文中提到persuasion的三个工具均能提高观点的可信度，并没有提及坦诚，C项错误。D项，“政治领导最常使用pathos来劝服他们的观众”。根据最后一段第二句“Indeed，mostspeakersuseabinationofethos,pathos,andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences”可知，虽然每种工具的作用不同，但是演讲者通常混合使用这三种，而非仅仅使用pathos，D项错误。故正确答案为B。答案：B4．AnadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthatMscientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofallbacteriaismainlyusing________.A．ethos B．pathosC．logos D．abinationofallthree答案：CBFromtheageofseven，Cameronwaseducatedattwoindependentschools.Duetogoodacademicgrades，Cameronenteredthetopacademicclassalmosttwoyearsearly.Attheageofthirteen，hewenttoEtonCollegeinBerkshire，followinghisfatherandelderbrother.Hisearlyinterestwasinart.SixweeksbeforetakinghisOLevelhewascaughtsmokingcannabis(大麻)．Headmittedtheoffencebuthadnotbeeninvolvedinsellingdrugs，sohewasnotexpelled.However，hewasfinedandpreventedfromleavingschoolgrounds.AfterleavingEtonin1984，Cameronstartedanine­monthgapyear.HeworkedasaresearcherforTimRathbone.Inhisthreemonthsthere，heattendeddebatesintheHouseofmons.Throughhisfather，hewasthenemployedforafurtherthreemonthsinHongKongbyJardineMathesonasa“shipjumper”，whichwasanadministrativepost.CameronthenbeganhisBachelorofArtsstudiesinPhilosophy，Politics，andEconomicsatBrasenoseCollege，Oxford.Histutordescribedhimasoneoftheableststudentshehadtaught，withmoderateandsensibleConservativepoliticalviews.GuySpier，whosharedatutorwithhim，remembershimasanoutstandingstudent，“Weweredoingourbesttograspbasiceconomicconcepts.However，nobodyevencameclosetoCameron.HewouldbeintegratingthemwiththewaytheBritishpoliticalsystemisputtogether.Hecouldhavelecturedmeforit，andIwouldhavesatthereandtakennotes.”WhileatOxford，Cameronwasamemberoftheexcellentstudentdiningsociety，theBullingdonClub，whichhasareputationforastrangedrinkingcultureassociatedwithboisterous(狂放不羁的)behavioranddamagingproperty.Camerongraduatedin1988withafirst­classhonoursdegree.5．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Cameron'searlyeducation.B．Cameron'shobbiesatschool.C．Cameron'sfamilymembers.D．Cameron'sbadexperiences.6．WhathappenedtoCameroninhisgapyear?A．Heexperienceddifferentjobs.B．Hedebatedwithmanypeople.C．Hetravelledalotwithhisfather.D．Hespenttheyearrestingathome.7．WhatwordscanbeusedtodescribeCameroninOxford?A．Ableandexcellent.B．Lazyandtalkative.C．Noisybutsensible.D．Kindbutaggressive.8．TheBullingdonClubmentionedinthelastparagraph____．A．isverystrictinadmittingmembersB．isthemedwithdiningfortopstudentsC．iscloselyrelatedtopoliticsanddiningD．isaninternationalclubforcollegestudents语篇解读：本文介绍了英国首相卡梅伦的小学、中学和大学生活。7．解析：细节理解题。从文章的第三段的“describedhimasoneoftheableststudentshehadtaught”和第四段的“remembershimasanoutstandingstudent”等可知。答案：ACMarch,AprilandMayaremonthsfulloffestivalsandeventsallovertheworld.Herearefourwonderfulfestivalsaroundtheworldthathappeninspring.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,pleaseclickhereorvisit：///festival.htm/.Songkran—ThailandDates：13th～15th,AprilInThailand,peoplecelebrateafestivalcalledSongkran,whenpeopleheadouttothestreetswithwatergunstosprayeveryonewhowalkspast.Naghol—VanuatuDates:EverySaturdayfromApriltoMayEveryyear,villagersetogethertocelebratetheharvestofyams,animportantpartinthepeople'sdietinVanuatu.Thefestivalismostfamousforits“landdivingceremony”.Duringtheceremonymenandboysdivetothegroundfromhighwoodentowerswithonlytwothinvines(藤)attachedtotheirankles.CherryBlossomViewing—JapanDates:Thecherryblossomseasonisdifferentfromyeartoyeardependingontheweatherforecast.Thefestivaliswell­known.Japanesecelebratethedayswhentheflowersfinallyblossom.Onlyafewdayslater,thepetals(花瓣)falltotheground,likepinksnowflakes.Thatmeansthetraditionalfestivalonlylastsforseveraldays.InJapan,almosteveryonehaspicnicsintheparkstoviewtheflowers.SinhaleseNewYear—SriLankaDates:13thor14th,AprilJustlikeinmanyothercountriesinSouthorSouthEastAsia,thisisthetimewhentheSinhalesecelebratethetraditionalNewYear,anancientcelebrationwhichmarkstheendoftheharvestseasonandisoneoftwotimesoftheyearwhenthesunisstraightaboveSriLanka.Therearealotofdeliciousfoodsduringthecelebration.语篇导读本文为说明文。每年3～5月是世界各地节日最多的月份，本文主要介绍了四个地方的特色节日。9．WhatmayhappentoatouristwalkinginthestreetduringSongkraninThailand?A．Hemaygetwet. B．Hemaybeshotbythelocals.C．Hemayenjoydeliciousfoods. D．Hemayseesomepetalsfalling.解析A推理判断题。根据Songkran—Thailand部分中的…peopleheadouttothestreetswithwatergunstosprayeveryonewhowalkspast可推知，游客在泼水节期间游走在泰国街头，极有可能会被水枪喷湿，故选A项。10．Wherecanyougotoenjoyamazingperformancesduringthefestival?A．Thailand. B．Vanuatu.C．Japan. D．SriLanka.解析B推理判断题。根据Naghol—Vanuatu部分中的第三句可推知，此节日的仪式具有一定的危险性，即节日期间可以去瓦努阿图欣赏令人惊诧的表演，故选B项。11．HowisCherryBlossomViewingdifferentfromtheotherthreefestivals?A．Itisatraditionalfestival.B．Itisaveryfamousfestival.C．Itvarieswithweatherconditionseveryyear.D．Itallowsvisitorstoeatfoodduringthefestival.12．Whereareyoumostlikelytofindthetext?A．OnTV. B．Inareport.C．OntheInternet. D．Inanewspaper.解析C推理判断题。根据第一段中的…pleaseclickhereorvisit…可推知，此篇文章最有可能来自网上，故选C项。DAhandshakeisoneofthemostmonwaystogreetothers,butUSPresidentDonaldTrump'sunusualmethodhasbeenputunderthemicroscopelately.Muchlikeanarmwrestlerinamatch,therecently­electedleaderhasahabitofyanking(猛拉)people'shandstowardhimselfduringhandshakes.Andwhileatypicalhandshakeisonlybrief,theonebetweenhimandJapanesePrimeMinisterShinzoAbeonFeb10lastedafull19seconds.Simplyhavingastronghandisnottheexplanationhere.AccordingtoDarrenStanton,abodylanguageexpertfromtheUK,whilehandshakesareusuallyanexchangeofkindness,Trumpuseshisasawaytoshowpowerandcontrol,regardlessofhowunfortableitmakespeople.“Itisasiftosay,‘Hey,I'mincharge,don'tmesswithme，’”StantontoldTheIndependent.ApartfromTrump's“yank­shake”，thereareotherwayspeopledisplaypowerwiththeirhands.Atbusinesstalksorpoliticalmeetings,forexample,somepeoplemayrotate(旋转)theirwristsduringhandshakessothattheirhandendsupontopinsteadofunderneath.Somemaysqueezesohardthatitleavestheotherperson'shandinpain.AccordingtoStanton,bypullingpeopleintohispersonalspace,Trumpisalsotestingwhethertheyarewillingtocooperatewithhim.“Forexample,ifsomeonewasresistanttobeingyankedtowardshimand__stood_their_ground__,_hewouldknowthathehasworktodowiththembeforehegotwhathewanted，”StantontoldExpress.ThisisprobablywhyonFeb13whenCanadianPrimeMinisterJustinTrudeauvisitedtheWhiteHouse,alleyeswereonhowhewasgoingtohandleTrump'shandshake.Fortunately,TrudeaumanagedtoavoidtheembarrassmentbygrabbingTrump'sshouldertostophimselfbeingpulledin.Afterward,someTwitteruserswrotethatthisprovedTrudeau'sstrongleadership,withoneevencallingthemoment“oneofCanada'sgreatestvictories”.Vicemagazinesummeduptheexchangebetweenthetwoleadersas:“…noregularhandshake.Thiswasthefirstshotinabloodlesswar.”语篇导读本文为议论文。握手是见面问候最常见的方式之一，但美国总统唐纳德·特朗普与众不同的握手方式近来却被仔细研究了一番……13．AccordingtoDarrenStanton,Trumpuseshis“yank­shake”to________.a．showhiskindnessb．gaincontrolc．remindpeopleofhisstatusd．seeifpeoplearecooperativee．getpeopletolowertheirguardA．bcd B．abcC．ace D．bde解析A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句以及第五段第一句可知，特朗普通过将他人拽向自己，来试探这些人是否愿意和自己合作，故选A项。14．Thephrase“stoodtheirground”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A．wentahead B．stoodstill C．turnedaround D．pulledout解析B词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果某人被拽向他时显得勉强，并在原地保持不动的话，特朗普就会明白，在达到目的之前，还有一些工作要做。所以画线短语意为：站在自己的地方(立场)，故选B项。15．Accordingtothetext,thewayTrudeaureactedtoTrump'shandshake________.A．annoyedTrump B．displayedhispowerC．wasconsideredrude D．waslikelytostartawar16．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．Somepeoplespintheirwristsduringhandshakestoshowextrarespect.B．Handshakesarethemostpreferablewayforpoliticalleaderstogreetothers.C．Thewaysomeoneshakesanotherperson'shandcanhavedifferentmeanings.D．Thelongertwopeopleshaketheirhands,thebettertheirrelationshipis.解析C推理判断题。通过本文所讲述的特朗普握手背后的故事可知，不同的握手方式反映了不同的内涵，故选C项。第二节完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Oneoftheeasiestthingsintheworldistobeeafault­finder.However，lifecanbe____1____whenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit.SeveralyearsagoI____2____aletterfromseventeen­year­oldKerry，whodescribedherselfasaworld­classfault­finder，almostalways____3____bythings.Peoplewerealwaysdoingthingsthatannoyedher，and____4____wasevergoodenough.Shewashighlyself­criticalandalsofoundfaultwithherfriends.Shebecameareally____5____person.Unfortunately，ittookahorribleaccidenttochangeher____6____．Herbestfriendwasseriouslyhurtinacarcrash.Whatmadeitalmost____7____todealwithwasthatthedaybeforethe____8____，Kerryhadvisitedherfriendandhasspentthewholetimecriticizingher____9____ofboyfriends，thewayshewasliving，thewaysherelatedtohermother，andvariousotherthingsshefeltsheneededto____10____．Itwasn'tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecame____11____herhabitoffindingfault.Veryquickly，shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthanto____12____everythingsoharshly(刻薄)．Shewasabletotransferhernewwisdomtootherpartsofher____13____aswell.Perhapsmostofusaren'tasextremeatfault­finding，____14____whenwe'rehonest，wecanbesharply____15____oftheworld.I'mnotsuggestingyou____16____problems，orthatyoupretendthingsare____17____thantheyare，butsimplythatyoulearntoallowthingstobeastheyare—____18____mostofthetime，andespeciallywhenit'snotareallybig____19____．Trainyourselfto“biteyourtongue”，andwithalittle____20____，you'llgetreallygoodatlettingthingsgo.Andwhenyoudo，you'llgetbackyourenthusiasmandloveforlife.1．A.lonelyB．greatC．quietD．uneasy2．A.receivedB．answeredC．expectedD．rejected3．A.threatenedB．interruptedC．botheredD．spoiled4．A.anythingB．everthingC．somethingD．nothing5．A.caringB．boringC．interestingD．surprising6．A.attitudeB．planC．measureD．explanation7．A.urgentB．unnecessaryC．certainD．impossible8．A.occasionB．eventC．accidentD．adventure9．A.memoryB．noticeC．evidenceD．choice10．A.hearB．contributeC．expressD．admit11．A.awareofB．afraidofC．curiousaboutD．confusedabout12．A.discussB．realizeC．judgeD．settle13．A.familyB．lifeC．careerD．education14．A.soB．orC．butD．for15．A.proudB．sureC．hopefulD．critical16．A.faceB．createC．solveD．ignore17．A.rarerB．betterC．strangerD．worse18．A.atleastB．atlastC．byfarD．sofar19．A.taskB．dealC．resultD．duty20．A.practiceB．speechC．restD．pity语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文，题材是生活态度。世界上最容易的事情之一是做一个挑错的人，然而当你不去忙于挑错的时候，生活会变得很快乐。作者通过讲述发生在Kerry身上的一个故事诠释了这一点。1．解析：由首段和后文作者讲述的故事寓意可知，当你不忙于挑错的时候，生活会变得令人愉快(great)。great使人快乐的；lonely孤独的，寂寞的；quiet安静的，平静的；uneasy不安的，忧虑的。答案：B4．解析：人们总是使她烦恼，从来没有什么事情(nothing)是足够好的。答案：D5．解析：她成了一个真正的令人讨厌的(boring)人。boring无聊的，烦人的；caring关心的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊奇的。答案：B6．解析：不幸的是，一次可怕的意外事故改变了她的态度(attitude)。从下文可知，朋友出事后，Kerry改变了自己的态度。plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。答案：A7．解析：几乎不可能(impossible)处理的事情是，在朋友出车祸前一天Kerry还批评了朋友。urgent紧急的；unnecessary不必要的；certain确定的。答案：D8．解析：在朋友出车祸(accident)的前一天，Kerry拜访了她的朋友。occasion时机，场合；event事情；adventure冒险(活动)。答案：C9．解析：Kerry在整个拜访朋友期间一直在批评朋友对男朋友的选择(choice)，她的生活方式等。答案：D10．解析：各种各样其他的Kerry认为她需要表达(express)的东西。hear听见；contribute捐赠；admit承认。答案：C11．解析：直到朋友严重受伤时Kerry才意识到(becameawareof)她挑错的习惯。be/beeawareof＝realize意识到，认识到。答案：A12．解析：很快地Kerry学会了欣赏生活而不是刻薄地评判(judge)一切。discuss讨论；realize认识到；settle解决。答案：C13．解析：Kerry还能够把新的观念转移到她的生活(life)的其他方面。四个选项中只有life具有概括性，囊括了其他三个选项。family家庭；career事业，生涯；education教育。答案：B14．解析：由语境可知此处表转折关系，故选but。so表因果关系；or表选择关系；for表因果关系。答案：C17．解析：也不是在暗示你假装认为事情比实际情况好一些(better)。答案：B18．解析：我只是暗示你学会顺其自然。接受事物的本来面目——至少(atleast)大多数时间是这样的。答案：A19．解析：尤其是当那不是真正的大是大非(deal)的时候。答案：B20．解析：训练强忍着不说出自己的看法，再加上些许实践(practice)，你就会真的擅长顺其自然。当你做到这一点的时候，你将重新获得对生活的希望。答案：A第三节语法填空TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists,drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether1．todevelop(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria2．are(be)abletoresist3．powerful(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman4．health(healthy).Itsaidtheyhave5．theabilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial6．that/whichhelpsotherbacteriabeeresistanttodrugtreatment.Marie­PauleKienyistheAssistantDirector­GeneralattheWHO.Shesaid,“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout7．oftreatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugpaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone,thenewantibioticswemost8．urgently(urgent)needarenot