高级英语(第三版)第一册第一课-Face-to-Face-with-Hurricane-Camille

《高级英语》第三版第一册

Lesson1FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleObjectivesofTeachingLesson1Tolearnhowthewritergivesavividdescriptionofactionsintermsoflexical,sententialandtextuallevel;TolearnhowAmericansfightagainstthehurricaneHurricanes/location/namingsystem/typhoonTheyaretwodifferentnamesforthesamekindofstorm--They’recalledhurricanesintheAtlanticOceanandtheEasternPacificOcean,andtyphoonsintheWesternPacific.

Atornadoisaviolent,rotatingcolumnofairwhichisincontactwithboththesurfaceoftheearthandacumulonimbuscloudor,inrarecases,thebaseofacumuluscloud.Tornadoescomeinmanysizesbutaretypicallyintheformofavisiblecondensation

funnel,whosenarrowendtouchestheearthandisoftenencircledbyacloudofdebris.HurricaneCamilleHurricaneCamille(August17,1969)issaidtobethe

worststormevertohitmainlandUnitedStates.Withwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet,HurricaneCamillesmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastonSundaynight,the17thofAugustandcontinueditsdevastatingpathuntiltheearlyhoursofMonday,the18th.Thecombinationofwinds,surges,andrainfallscaused256deaths(143ontheGulfCoastand113intheVirginiafloods)and$1.421billionindamage.ThreedeathswerereportedinCuba.GeneralfactsElementsinanarrativewriting

1)story:

theheroicstruggleoftheKoshaksandtheirfriendsagainsttheforcesofadevastatinghurricane2)characters:

--PopKoshak(grandpa)--GrandmaKoshak(grandma)--JohnKoshak(protagonist)--JanisKoshak(wife)--Sevenchildren--Charles,afriend--neighbors--pets

atypicalAmericanfamily3)

Textualorganization:

chronologicalorder(naturaltimesequence)abeginning(1-6)(introducingthetime,place,background,characters)amiddle(7-27)(detailsofthestruggleagainsthurricane)anend(28-39)(gettinghelpandrebuildingcommunity)4)Climax:para27whentheKoshaksfamilysurvived5)Conflict:manversusnature(hurricaneasantagonist)6)Pointofview:

thirdperson7)Atmosphere:tenseandurgent8)Theme:para39Familysafetyismoreimportantthanmaterialpossessions.FocusforSectionOne(1-6)

BeforethehurricaneThissectionintroducesthestorybackgroundandthepreparationsforthestorm.1)WhatwasJohnKoshakJr.’sjob?2)WhydidJohndecidetostayandfacethedangersofadevastatinghurricane?3)Whatpreparationsdidtheymake?

FocusofSection2(para7-27)

DuringthehurricanestrikeThissectionnarratesindetailhowthegroupstruggledandfeltduringthehurricane.Focusofthestudy:1.hurricane–Howwasthedevastatinghurricanelike?Specificdetailswind,water,etc.)2.people–howdidtheyactduringthecrisis?FocusofSection3(para28-39)Howdidthepeoplerebuildtheircommunity?Backgroundknowledge(Teachers’Book)NationalGuard(国民警卫队)Civildefenseunits(民防队)SalvationArmy(救世军)RedCross(红十字会)DetailedstudyofSection2FocusingonthedescriptionofWindHurricaneforceHousePeople’sactionswind(para7)Windandrainwhippedthehouse.(ametaphor:Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouseasifwithawhip.Itdescribedthemannerofwindblowing)(para7)Asthewindmountedtoaroar.(theword‘mount’showsthatthesoundwasincreasing,dynamic).(para8)Theroarofthehurricanenowwasoverwhelming.(thissentencegivesastaticdescription).(para13)Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.(Thissentenceusesasimiletogiveaconcreteimage,thesound)(para19)itshotoutwindsofnearly200m.ph.(thespeedofthewind)Secondsaftertheroofblewoff

thehouse

(ittellstheforceofthewind)Thewritergivesafullpictureofthewind,itsmanner,sound,,sound,sound,speed,force)Thehurricane(describingactions)(para18)Thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.(skim—tothrowsoastocausetobounceswiftlyandlight.Itshowshowpowerfulthehurricanewas)(para19)thestorm…initsconcentratedbreadthofsome70milesitshotoutwindsofnearly200m.p.h.and

raisedtidesashighas30feet.AlongtheGulfCoast,itdevastated

everythinginitsswath:19,467homesand709businessesweredemolishedorseverelydamaged.Itseized160,000gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3½milesaway.Ittorethreelargecargoshipsfromtheirmooringsandbeachedthem.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpipescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.

在飓风中心纵横约70英里的范围内,其风速接近每小时200英里.掀起的浪头高达30英尺.海湾沿岸风过之处,所有东西被一扫而光.19467户人家和709家小商号不是完全被毁,便是遭到严重破坏.高尔夫港一个60万加仑的油罐被狂风刮起,摔到3.5英里以外。三艘大型货轮被刮离泊位，推上岸滩。电线杆和20英寸粗的松树一遇狂风袭击便像连珠炮似的根根断裂。House(para7)…thehousebeganleaking—therainseeminglydrivenrightthroughthewalls.(para8)Thehouseshook,andtheceilinginthelivingroomwas

fallingpiecebypiece.TheFrenchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewinwithanexplosivesound,andthegroupheardgunlikereportsasotherupstairswindowsdisintegrated.(para9)Thenthefrontdoorstartedtobreakawayfromitsframe.…butablastofwaterhitthehouse,flingingopenthedoorandshovingthemdownthehall.(para13)Thehouseshudderedandshiftedonitsfoundations.Waterincheditswayupthestairsasfirstflooroutsidewallscollapsed.(para18)Thebottomstepsofthestaircasebrokeapart.Onewallbegancrumblingonthemaroonedgroup.House(para22)Debrisflewastheliving-roomfireplaceanditschimneycollapsed.Withtwowallsintheirbedroomsanctuarybeginningtodisintegrate(para24)Asecondwallmoved,wavered,…ittoppledonhim.Thehouse,shudderingandrocking,hadmoved25feetfromitsfoundations.(para26)Thefloortilted…Athirdwallgaveway.(para20)RichelieuApartmentswere

smashedapartasifbyagiganticfist.PeopleActions(para12)Astheyscrambledback.(para21)Thechildrenhuddledintheslashingrain.…Grandmaimplored,”let’ssing’…shecarriedonaloneforafewbars,thenhervoicetrailedaway.(para26)Thelargerchildrensprawledonthefloor,withthesmalleronesinalayerontopofthem,andtheadultsbentoverallnine.PeopleFeelings(Para14)

Themotherwasonthevergeofpanic.Sheclutchedhisarmandkeptrepeating,“Ican’tswim,Ican’tswim”.(Para15)…Withoutwardcalm…(Para16)GrandmaKoshakreachedanarmaroundherhusband’sshoulderandputhermouthclosetohisear“Pop,shesaid,‘Iloveyou’..(Para17)Johnfeltacrushingguilt.Heheldhisheadbetweenhishands,andsilentlyprayed….(Para24)Popragedsilently,frustratedatnotbeingabletodoanythingtofightCamille.(para29)Noneofthereturnees..,theystoodshocked,tryingtoabsorbtheshatteringscenesbeforetheireyes(para34)Childrenwerestillawedbytheimcomprehensiblepower.JanishadonedelayedreactionDetailedstudyofSection3Howdidhelpcome?Howdidpeoplefeel?Whatdidtheydotorebuildthecommunity?Para28-29

Theysawhumanbodies–morethan130men,womenandchildrendiedalongtheMississippicoast–andpartsofthebeachandhighwaywerestrewnwith

deaddogs,cats,cattle.Stripsofclothingfestooned

thestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads.Noneofthereturneesmovedquicklyorspokeloudly;theystoodshocked,tryingtoabsorbtheshatteringscenesbeforetheireyes.他们看到了遇难者的尸体密西西比沿海一带就有130多名男女和儿童丧生—海滩和公路上有些地方布满了死狗死猫和死牲畜。尚未被风刮倒的树上结彩似的挂满被撕成布条的衣服，吹断的电线像黑色的实心面一样盘成一圈一圈地散在路面上。比较：

那些从外面返回家乡的人们个个都是慢慢地走动着，也没有人高声大叫。他们怔住了，呆立当地，不知道该怎样才能接受眼前这幅使人惊骇的惨景。

返回的人群中没有一个人疾步行驶，或者大声说话，他们站在原地，完全怔住了，迫使自己接受眼前这幅惨烈的景象。(para30-31)Bythistime,organizationswithintheareaand,ineffect,theentirepopulationoftheUnitedStateshadcometotheaidofthedevastatedcoast.Beforedawn,theMississippiNationalGuardandcivil-defenseunitsweremovingintohandletraffic,guardproperty,setupcommunicationscenters,helpclearthedebrisandtakethehomelessbytruckandbustorefugeecenters.

By10a.m.,theSalvationArmy’scanteentrucksandRedCrossvolunteersandstaffers,weregoingwhereverpossibletodistributehotdrinks,food,clothingandbedding.(para.31)Fromhundredsoftownsandcitiesacrossthecountrycameseveralmilliondollarsindonations,householdandmedicalsupplies

streamedinbyplane,train,truckandcar.Thefederalgovernmentshipped4,400,000poundsoffood,movedinmobilehomes,setupportableclassrooms,openedofficestoprovidelow-interest,long-termbusinessloans.Talkaboutthemeasuresingreen.Whytheseactionsnecessary,importantandeffectivefortherehabilitationwork?Detailedstudyof

WordsandExpressions(para1)…asCamillelashednorthward…itwascertaintopummelGulfport,Miss.WheretheKoshakslived.Lashed:tostrikewithgreatforce;dashagainst.

猛烈冲击

Thewaveslashedthesmoothcliffs.TheworstwinterstormsofthecenturylashedtheeastcoastofChina.Suddenlyrainlashedagainstthewindows.Pummel:tobeatorhitwithrepeatedblows,esp.withthefist.

Thethiefwaspushedandpummeledbyanangrycrowd.Hetrappedthemaninacornerandpummeledhimferociouslyforthirtyseconds.(para3)We’reelevated23feet…andwe’reagood250yardsfromthesea.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Weare23feetabovesealevel(BritishEng.)Agood:ageneralintensive,meaning“full”足足(程度\数量)我们足足等了三个小时.昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉.从这到火车站足足有五个小时的车程.他父母亲狠狠地揍了他一顿.Wewaitedforagoodthreehours.Billhadagooddrinkatthepublastnight.Itisagoodfivehourstodrivetotherailwaystation.Hisparentsgavehimagoodbeating.(para4)Wecanbattendownandrideitout.Ametaphor;Comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea.

Batten:tofastencanvasoverthehatchesofaship,especiallyinpreparingforastorm.Rideitout:tostayafloatduringastormwithouttoomuchdamage.Paraphrase:Wecanmakenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.(para6)Aneighbor…askedifsheandhertwochildrencouldsitoutthestormwiththeKoshaks.坐着看完,待到(散场).Ididn’tenjoytheplay,butwesatitout.

等到…结束,静等到底.They’lltrytositoutthecrisis.We’llsititouttotheveryend.坐在户外.It’ssonicetositoutwhenthesuniswarminwinter.Inch:n.vt.vi.—moveveryslowly,carefully,orwithdifficultyTheclimberincheduptheverticalrock.Thepoliceweresearchingtheareainchbyinch.译：救护车慢慢地穿过人群。他把车一点一点地往前开。书架上堆满了书。

Theambulanceincheditswaythroughthecrowd.Heinchedthecarforward.Everyinch

ofshelfspacewascrammedwithbooks.Maroon:vt.Leaveabandoned,isolated,orhelpless.I’mleftfeelinglonely,sadandmarooned.

Iamtemporarilymaroonedathomebymyinjuredknee.译：鲁宾逊在岛上孤零零地生活了若干年，他勇敢地活了下来。

当RiverAvons的河堤垮了的时候，五对夫妻被困在他们的面包车里。

Afteryearsofbeingmaroonedontheisland,Robinsonmadehimselfabravesurvivor.FivecouplesweremaroonedintheircaravanswhentheRiverAvonbrokeitsbanks.Snap:1)breaksuddenlywithasharpcrackingnoise.

Heshiftedhisweightandatwigsnapped.EveryminuteorsoIcouldhearasnap,acrackandacrashasanothertreewentdown.2)Movetoapositionquicklywithasharpsound.Thebagsnappedopen.3)Speakinasharp,unfriendlyway.

“Idon’tknowher”,Rogersnapped…I’msorry,Cassy,Ididn’tmeantosnapatyoulikethat.4)Losepatienceandcalmness,becomeangry.

Hefinallysnappedwhenshepreventedtheirchildrenfromvisitinghimoneweekend.5)Asnapdecision,action:takentooquicklywithoutcarefulthought.

Ithinkthisistooimportantforasnapdecision.Asnapelection/judgment7)Snapshot译：她双手抓住管子，试图将它折成两截。他啪地一下把笔记本合上。

Grant第一次也是唯一的一次失控了。Shegrippedthepipewithbothhands,tryingtosnapitinhalf.Hesnappedthenotebookshut.ForthefirsttimeandonlytimeGrant’sself-controlsnapped.Coil,v,n.windaroundandaround成卷状,盘绕,卷

e.g.Asnakecancoilitselfuporcoilaroundabranch.Thewirewascoiledroundthetree,andthenthecurrentwasturnedon.Pleasehandmethatcoilofwire.Shatter:break(to)pieces,vi,vt.e.g.爆炸将整栋大楼的窗玻璃都震裂了.

这次可怕的经历使他的幻想完全破灭了.

爬了五个小时的山完全把我累垮了.

你想象不出她当时那震惊的表情.

那只贵重的花瓶掉在地上摔得粉碎.

Theexplosionshatteredeverywindowofthebuilding.Hisillusionswereshatteredbytheterribleexperience.Iwasabsolutelyshatteredafterfive-hourclimbingofthehill.(Climbingthehillforfivehoursabsolutelyshatteredme)Youcan’timaginetheshatteredlookonherface)Thatexpensivevaseshatteredwhenithittheground.

Stream:n.v.narrowmovingmass.

Hebreathedoutastreamofcigarettesmoke.:alargenumberofsthoccurringoneafteranther.Wehadaconstantstreamofvisitors.

:agroupofchildrenofthesameageandabilitytaughttogether

Examinationsmaybeusedtochoosewhichpupilsaretomoveintothetopstreams.:movequicklyandinlargenumbers.

Refugeeshavebeenstreamingintotheneighboringcountries.:lightshinesstronglyintooroutofaplace

Sunlightwasstreamingintothecourtyard.译：他身后有一长串的车。那悲惨的故事引发了源源不断的读者来信。他倡导将孩子们分流，根据他们的需要来教育他们。教堂的钟声敲响了12下，人们很快开始蜂拥而出。Therewasastreamoftrafficbehindhim.Thesadstorytriggeredastreamofreaders’letters.Headvocatesstreamingchildren,andeducatingthemaccordingtotheirneeds.Soonaftertheclockinthechurchstrucktwelve,peoplebegantostreamout.Rakeitsway:metaphor,meaningtoattackanddevastateasitmovedalong.Rake:n.v.t耙;仔细寻找

It’syourturntorakethegarden.

Rampage:v.rushaboutinawildorviolentway,causingdamageanddestruction.横冲直撞Rampagingfloods:violent,ragingfloods.

Hundredsofyouthsrampagedthroughthetowns,smashingshopwindowsandoverturningcars.译：我今天晚些时候把树叶扫起来。警察们搜遍了小山坡但没有发现逃犯。他试图用剑保护他的商店不受到横冲直撞的暴民的破坏。犯人们横冲直撞，见什么砸什么。

I’llraketheleavesuplatertoday.Thepolicerakedthehillsidebutdidnotfindtheescapedprisoners.Heusedaswordtotrytodefendhisshopfromarampagingmob.Theprisonerswentontherampagedestroyingeverythingintheirways.SummaryofthewritingstyleDictionlevel:Concrete,specificwordsareused,esp.one-syllableverbsareusedtoquickenthespeedoftheaction.FewadjectivesandadverbstoquickentherhythmVariousshadesofwordsareusedtoavoidrepetition,e.g:disintegrate/breakapart/demolish/devastateSentencelevel:

Ellipticalandshortsimplesentences(Para7—27).--Increasethetempoandspeedoftheactionsbeingdescribed.Henceinadramaticnarrationtheyservetoheightentensionandhelpcreateasenseofdangerandurgency.Textuallevel:

BuildingupandsustainingthesuspensebydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentswiththesequenceofhappeningsDiscussion:(Ex.XIII)inclassProblemsinsentencewriting1)Therun-onsentence2)Thesentencefragment3)Thedanglingmodifier4)Theillogicalorfaultyparallelism5)TheshiftinpointofviewRun-onsentencesArun-onsentenceistwoormorecompletethoughts(orindependentclauses)thatareruntogetherwithoutadequatesigngiventomarkthebreakbetweenthem.Somerun-onsentenceshavenopunctuationatalltomarkthebreakbetweenthethoughts:

Iamgoingtoschool,ifIdon'tgetthereontime,Iwillbelate,myteacherwillpunishme,Iwillhavetostayafterclass.ImadeashelterformyselfbyplacingthepacksbyalargerockandIcurledupbetweenthemthesaddleblanketgavemelittleprotectionagainstthesharp,flintystonesbutthebiggestproblemwasthecold.SentencefragmentsSentenceFragmentsareincompletesentences.Theyareusuallymissingoneofthethreecomponents:subject,verb,object.MostsentencefragmentswrittenbyChineseareonesthathavemissingverbs.Theyusuallythoughtawordendingin"-ing"istheprincipleverbwheninfacttheyareaparticipleoragerund.Fortheunemployed,goingtoattainnightschooltoprepareforabetterjob.