2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）真题

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语二试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

©Peoplehavespeculatedfbrcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.©Todayisnodifferent,

withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghuman

workers.©Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2:®Afew

wealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

©Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandof

adifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5.peoplewill

simplybecomelazyanddepressed.©6,today*sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavinga

greattime.©OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployed

foratleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.®Also,some

researchsuggeststhatthe8fbrrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction

9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.©Perhapsthisiswhy

many10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

©Butitdoesn*t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbe

filledwithunease.©Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuilt

oniheconceptofemployment.©Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsin

mindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.®Today,

the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.©“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,and

awasteofhumanpotential,wsaysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIreland

inGalway.

©Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16fbrmostworkers,peopleusetheir

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

freetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.©“WhenIcome

homefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18,“Danahersays,adding,“Inaworldin

whichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferentw-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrow

himself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.

1.[A]boasting|B|denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality|B]instability[C]unreliability|D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[Bldividcd[Clbalanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom|BJmeaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.1AJInstead[B]IndeedIC]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.IAJrich[B]urban[CJworking[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[AJunder[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

10.[AJleavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11.[A]statistically[B]occasionallyIC]necessarily[D]economically

12.[A]chances|B]downsides[C]benefits|D]principles

13.[A]absence[B]heightfC]face[D]course

14.[A]disturb|B]restore[C]exclude|D|yield

15.[A]model|B]practice[C]virtue|D]hardship

16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

17.[A]demands|B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused|D]starved

19.[A]off[Blagainst[C]behind[DIinto

20.[A]technological[BJprofessional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

2«

Text1

©EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheir

localpark.©TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsin

theUKandmoreabroad.©Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.®Runnersrange

fromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13

minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

©ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondonJsOlympic“legacy”isfailing.©Tenyears

agoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

©PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetoleveranationof

sportloversawayfromtheircouches.®Thepopulationwouldbefiner,healthierandproduce

morewinners.©Ithasnothappened.©Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,by

nearly2millionintherun-upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.©Worse,

thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.®Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschool

pupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.⑨Obesityhasrisenamong

adultsandchildren.⑩OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedtoinspire

ageneration.n⑪ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

©Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.©Theethos

welcomesanybody.©Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedover

thelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.®TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogelmore

peopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.©Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestress

onsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

©Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanning

ofsuchafundamentallyugrassrootswconceptascommunitysportsassociations.©Ifthere

isaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods一

makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,and

encouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.©Butsuccessivegovernmentshave

presidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattention

onsportineducation.®Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomore

toprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.©Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]createdmanyjobs

[B]gainedgreatpopularity

[C]becomeanofficialfestival

[D]strengthenedcommunityties

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondonrsOlympic"legacy”hasfailedto.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]improvethecity'simage

[C]increasesporthoursinschools

[D]promotesportparticipation

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]increasefundsfbrsportsclubs

[B]investinpublicsportsfacilities

[C]organize“grassroots“sportsevents

[D]superviselocalsportsassociations

25.TheauthorTsattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

©Withsomuchfbcusonchildren*suseofscreens,it'seasyfbrparentstoforgetabout

theirownscreenuse.©“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,“saysJennyRadeskyinher

studyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.©Itmakes

4«

ithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.M

©Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother­

childpairsafood-testingexercise.©Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringthe

exercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeir

children.©Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthe

family.®Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcited

bidsfortheirattention.

©Infantsarewiredtolookatparents,facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthose

facesareblankandunresponsive一astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice一itcanbe

extremelydisconcertingfbrthechildren.©Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperimentMdevised

bydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.©Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwith

herchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisual

socialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother*s

attention.®Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobe

abalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalornonverbal

expressionsofanemotionalneed,“saysRadesky.

©Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useof

screensarebornoutofan**oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbe

interactingvwiththeirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper­

middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouare

neglectingthem.”©Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn,tlearningfromthescreen

doesn'tmeantherersnovaluetoit一particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,do

houseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.©Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusing

theirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.@Thiscanmakethemfeel

happier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]absorbuserattention

[B]increaseworkefficiency

[C]simplifyroutinematters

[D]betterinterpersonalrelations

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

27.Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothersJuseofdevices.

[A]takesawaybabies'appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperimentvtoshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryfbremotionalexchange

[C]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

[D]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

[D]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids'useofscreensmay.

[A]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[B]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

©Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith

increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletely

overlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.©Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollege

inthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?©Andaftergoingtoschoolfbr12years,

itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.

©Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

©There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated”race

tothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.

6«

©Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademic

pursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

©StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyearare

generallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.©Ratherthan

pullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,new

responsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewith

themost.©Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeand

beingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivities

ratherthanacclimationblunders.

©Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,

thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.©AccordingtotheNationalCenter

forEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleast

once.©Thisisn,tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleaves

studentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.

@Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitching

toanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.©It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingon

theschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.©AtBoston

College,fbrexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursing

schoolfromanotherdepartment.©Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelpprevent

stressandsavemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAusiraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps,

[A]relievefreshmenofpressures

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmenJsfinancialburdens

[D]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

33.Theword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]motivation

[B]application

[C]competition

[D]adaptation

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyfbrstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]switchtoanothercollege

[B]decideontherightmajor

[C]avoidacademicfailures

[D]establishlong-termgoals

35.Themostsuitabletitlefbrthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheG叩Year

[C]TheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

Text4

©Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfires

isanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,a

specialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

©In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billion

annualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.

©Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagencyysotherwork一suchas

forestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep—

thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

©Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoinginto

constructioninfire-pronedistricts.©AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuilding

homesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

©"It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectivefbrthewhole

country,whesays.©“Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.©Like,'Waitaminute,is

8«

thisOK?’®Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsof

thelandscape?w

©SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,

researcherssay.

©Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.©Overthepast

decade,thefbcushasbeenonclimaiechange一howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhouse

gasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

©Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldnJtcomeattheexpenseoftherest

oftheequation.

©“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgo

bothways,“hesays.©Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedview

ofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.©Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionis

becomesverylimited.w

©Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewholly

controlledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.

©Butacknowledgingfire,sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodeveloping

thelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.

©"We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,“Balchsays.©”Itisreally

importanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.

[A]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[B]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[C]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[D]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof“amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[B]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[C]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

[D]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

|D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoits

correspondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonald

Trump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,whetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-

in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurther

tradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Insteadofhaving

toomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,

Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.

Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthem

10«

withsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressure

onwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,wsaysJayDunwell,presidentof

WolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm."Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],but

they,vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoingaswellasmanufacturing,wMr.

Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthat

hisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers.

Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork­

placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythe

coppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthe

job.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbefore

switchingtoelectricalengineering."Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:

parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,telling

themtoavoidthefactory.Millennialsaremembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.

Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,wsaysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRight

Place,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.

TheseconcernsarenJtmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17million

in1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-

skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,“says

RobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopleto

fillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon,tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthat

gapinbetween,andthat'$wheretheproblemis.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennials

intomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,

youngpeoplevalueflexibility."Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywantto

livetheirlives,“shesays.

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2〉》2017考研英语（三）真题演练

[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworking

withtools.

[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon'tneedmuch

41.JayDunwell

skill.

42.JasonStenquist

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepacloseeyeontheageofhisworkers.

[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersarehardertofindbecauseofstiff

44.RobSpohr

competition.

[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoungpeopleinto

45.JulieParks

manufacturing.

[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthelay-offofthe

youngpeople'sparents.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

(15points)

Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.

Twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,Itookasewinganddesigncoursethinking

thatIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealisedIwasnot

goodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecided

thatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwould

studyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavouriteactivities.But,tobe

honest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream—Iknewthatno

onecouldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!So