新高考适用2025版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题

第一部分专题一第2讲A(2024·广东省广州市高三一模)Sometimesabookcomesalongthatisnʼtjust“interesting”or“welldone”—itʼsabookwhereitseemsliketheauthorlookedintoyourbrainandwroteabookspecificallyforyou.Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.Itʼscalled100ThingsWeʼveLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.Paullists100thingsweusedtodoandthattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andnothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.AsIʼmalongtimeaccumulatorofrandomknowledge,certainentriesonthelist—BeingtheOnlyOne,FiguringOutWhoThatActoris—hitmewhereIlive;rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds.Onandonthelistgoes,witheveryminorshiftaddingtothepile.Whatthisbookdoessowellisillustratethegrowthofthatpile;whileanyindividualitemmightbenobigdeal,thecollectedsetissignificant.Itʼsalistofwaysinwhichtheworldnowisdifferentfromtheworldthen.Obviously,Paulisnʼtsayingthateverythingbackthenwasbetter.Timemarcheson,afterall.AnditʼstoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisnʼtreallythepoint.Itʼsnotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.Itʼsthatitusedtobedifferent.100ThingsWeʼveLosttotheInternetisafunreadforthoseofuswhosharesomeofPaulʼsmemoriesandexperiences.Werememberwhatitwaslikeandweliketoremember.Thelandscapehasshifted,andnodoubtitwillshiftagainastechnologyʼsadvancementcontinuesapace.Thisbookservesasareminderofthesimpletruththatwhengainsaremade,sometimessomethingislost.1．Whatisthepurposeofthetext？________A．Toreviewandrecommendagoodread.B．TocommentontheeffectoftheInternet.C．Toarguefortheviewpointofanewbook.D．Tourgethereaderstovaluewhattheyhave.2．WhichmightbeentriesonPaulʼslist？________A．MapsandEyeContact.B．E-payandCompactDisks.C．PostcardsandHomeschoolingD．BadPhotosandWashingMachines.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hitmewhereIlive”inParagraph3mean？________A．ProvewhatIʼmgoodat.B．IntroducehowIgrewup.C．DescribetheplaceIlivein.D．Speakoutwhatisonmymind.4．WhatconclusionhastheauthordrawnafterreadingPaulʼsbook？________A．Thingsinthepastarebetter.B．Thereʼrenogainswithoutpains.C．TheInternetisadouble-edgedsword.D．Technologyisconstantlychangingtheworld.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一本名叫《100ThingsWeʼveLosttotheInternet》的书。1．A推理推断题。依据第一段“Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.Itʼscalled100ThingsWeʼveLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.(这周出版了一本类似的书。这是编辑帕梅拉·保罗所著的《我们被网络遗忘的100件事》。)”可知本书由PamelaPaul所写，名叫100ThingsWeʼveLosttotheInternet，文章的写作意图是回顾并举荐一本好书。故选A。2．A细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Paullists100thingsweusedtodoandthattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andnothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.(保排列出了100件我们曾经做过的事情，这些事情不是被互联网变更了就是被互联网完全接管了：写信、印刷报纸、享受无聊的乐趣，以及并非把世界上全部的学问都装进你的口袋。)”可知，地图和眼神沟通被互联网变更了，会出现在他的清单上。故选A。3．D词句揣测题。依据第三段“rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds(当每个人都能在几秒钟内找到答案时，记住具体的事实就不再那么令人印象深刻了)”可知作为一个长时间收集各种随机学问的人，清单上的一些内容打动了我，说出了我心中所想。故选D。4．D推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Timemarcheson,afterall.AnditʼstoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisnʼtreallythepoint.Itʼsnotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.Itʼsthatitusedtobedifferent.(终归，时间在前进。很难反对互联网给我们生活带来的诸多好处。但这不是重点。这与过去是否更好无关。就是与以前不一样。)”可知，这本书在强调技术带来的变更。故选D。B(2024·河北省唐山市高考二模)Humanbrainsaresocialorgans—theyʼreneurobiologically(神经生物)wiredforconnection.Butjustasourstudentsʼbrainscanbeunfavorablyaffectedbynegativementalityandmisfortunes,socantheirparentsʼbrains,affectingrelationshipswithteachers.Whatfeelshurtfulfromaparentcouldbeaworn-outbrain,onethatistryingtosurviveandsoisdefendingitselfandpayingcloseattentiontoexperiencesorrelationshipsthatmayfeelterrifyingorunsafe.Therearetimeswhenwemayfeelharmedbyaparent,andwetoocanfireoffsharpwordsifweʼrefeelingmisunderstoodandangry.Wemayalsounintentionallyincreaseaconflictwhilemovingfartherawayfromcooperationandsolutions.Apoorlyregulatededucatorcannothelpapoorlyregulatedparent.Imyselfhavebeenblamedformysonʼsupsettingbehaviorswhenhewasstrugglingemotionally.Elevenyearsago,whenAndrewbecameanewcomerinhighschool,theanxietyandangermaskingthefearhefeltalmostdestroyedourfamily.Wefelthelplessandoftenhopeless.Inthemiddleofthisscarytime,IreceivedanemailfromAndrewʼsSpanishteacher.DearDr.Desautels，IwantedyoutoknowthatAndrewfinishedhisprojecttodayandhadasmileonhisface.Ijustwantedtosharethatwithyou.PleaseletmeknowhowImayserveyouinthedaystocome.Mr.PickettThisemailchangedeverythingformeasamomandasaneducator.Ithelpedourfamilyexperienceabitofhopeandinspiration.AndrewworkedhardforMr.PickettthattermandendedwithanA．Hefailedmostofhisotherclasses,butbecauseoftheconnectionthisteachercreatedwithAndrew,hefeltheard,seen,andappreciated.OnethingIʼvelearnedisthatImustregulatemyownbrainstatebeforeIinteractwithparents.Mr.Pickettʼsefforttofosterapositiverelationshipwithmyfamilyandmysonhasshownmeawaytosupportbothstudentsandtheirparents.5．Whydoesaparentsayhurtfulthings？________A．Theydisliketeachers.B．Theyareeasilyupset.C．Theyaremuchtoostressed.D．Theyarewillingtolettheirangerout.6．WhathappenedtoAndrewasanewcomerinhighschool？________A．Hewasphysicallyill.B．Hehademotionalsuffering.C．Hetriedtoescapehisfamily.D．Hequarreledwithhisteacher.7．WhydidAndrewbegintostudySpanishhard？________A.Hewantedtochangeeverything.B．Hewaspersuadedbyhisparents.C．Herealizedtheimportanceofthesubject.D．Hegotcareandappreciationfromtheteacher.8．Whoistheintendedreader？________A．Students. B．Teachers.C．Parents. D．Doctors.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明父母和孩子一样都会受到消极心态和不幸的影响，从而影响与老师的关系。作者在文章中通过讲解并描述自己与儿子成长过程中的教化问题，获得了一位西班牙语老师的帮助，让她明白了如何更高效地与孩子和其他学生及他们的父母之间的相处和沟通，建立良好的关系。5．C推理推断题。依据其次段“Whatfeelshurtfulfromaparentcouldbeaworn-outbrain,onethatistryingtosurviveandsoisdefendingitselfandpayingcloseattentiontoexperiencesorrelationshipsthatmayfeelterrifyingorunsafe.(来自父母的损害可能是一个乏累的大脑，一个试图生存，因此爱护自己，亲密关注可能感到可怕或担忧全的经验或关系的大脑。)”可知，乏累的大脑试图生存和爱护自己，亲密关注担忧全的经验或关系使得父母给孩子带来伤人的话语，由此可见他们的压力过大，故选C。6．B细微环节理解题。依据第四段“Imyselfhavebeenblamedformysonʼsupsettingbehaviorswhenhewasstrugglingemotionally.Elevenyearsago,whenAndrewbecameanewcomerinhighschool,theanxietyandangermaskingthefearhefeltalmostdestroyedourfamily.(我儿子在心情上挣扎时的担忧行为都怪我自己。11年前，当安德鲁成为一名中学新生时，焦虑和生气掩盖了他几乎摧毁我们家庭的恐惊。)”可知，安德鲁在成为一名中学生时，遭遇情感上的苦痛，故选B。7．D细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段“Hefailedmostofhisotherclasses,butbecauseoftheconnectionthisteachercreatedwithAndrew,hefeltheard,seen,andappreciated.(他其他大部分课程都不及格，但由于这位老师与安德鲁建立了联系，他感到自己被听到、看到和观赏。)”可知，安德鲁努力学习西班牙语，是因为他得到了老师的关切和赞许，故选D。8．C推理推断题。通读全文可知，父母和孩子一样都会受到消极心态和不幸的影响，从而影响与老师的关系。作者在文章中通过讲解并描述自己与儿子成长过程中的教化问题来说明父母与孩子如何建立主动的关系，结合最终一段“OnethingIʼvelearnedisthatImustregulatemyownbrainstatebeforeIinteractwithparents.Mr.Pickettʼsefforttofosterapositiverelationshipwithmyfamilyandmysonhasshownmeawaytosupportbothstudentsandtheirparents.(我学到的一件事是，在与父母互动之前，我必需调整自己的大脑状态。皮克特先生努力与我的家人和儿子建立主动的关系，这向我展示了一种支持学生和他们父母的方式。)”可知，作者得到了这位西班牙语老师的帮助，从这件事作者学会了更高效地与孩子和其他学生及他们的父母之间的相处和沟通，建立良好的关系，由此可知，本文主要是想表述家长如何与孩子和老师建立良好的相处关系，所以本文的主要读者对象应是父母，故选C。C(2024·江苏省南通如皋市高三一模)Therearelotsofnicestoriesabouttheprotectionofnatureashumanssuspendtheiractivity;however,thisslowdownisnotallgoodnews.NewYorkCity,forexample,hassuspendeditsorganicrecyclingprogram.Thatmeansthousandsoftonsofrubbishthatwouldhavebeenrecycledlastyearwillfindtheirwaytolandfills(垃圾填埋地)insteadthisyear.LikeotherNewYorkers,Irecycledmykitchenwasteandotherorganicmaterials.Whentheyarebrokendown,theyproducemethane(agaswithoutcolororsmell),whichifletloosecanbeharmfultotheatmosphere.Butwhencontrolledinaway,themethanecanbeputtouseasalternativeenergy.Plus,thereisaby-productfertilizer(肥料),whichcanbesoldonthemarket.NowthosethousandsoftonsofrubbishwillbetruckedawaytolandfillsinOhioandotherremoteplaces.Itʼsdefinitelyabackwardstepinourfightagainstclimatechange.GovernmentleadersmaygetsomeinspirationfromNewYorkCityʼsFreshkillsPark.Theparkisabest-casescenario(设想)forwhatcanhappentomountainsofrubbish.ItwasoriginallytheFreshkillsLandfillwhichreceivedrubbishformorethanhalfacentury.In2001,thelandfillwasclosed.TheFreshkillsPark,aroundthreetimesthesizeofCentralPark,willbeopenedin2035.Whatisundertheparkisprettycomplex,evenifitjustlookslikeagrassyhill.Thereareafewlayers,eachfordifferentpurposes.Asforthemethane,theparkhashundredsofwellstocapturethegas,whichisenoughtopower20,000homes.Treesaretrickyattheparkbecausetheirrootscanʼtgothatfardown.Aswell,mostgrasslandsonlyhaveshallow-rootedgrassessothatthestaffcaneasilygetaccesstothewellheads.Theprojectbringsgoodnewstothegrasshoppersparrows.ThesebirdsareofconservationconcerninNewYorkState.Today,thegrasshoppersparrowsinNewYorkStatecallthisformerlandfilltheirhome.Sodofoxes,deerandotheranimals.Althoughitwilltakeoveradecadebeforetheparkfullyopens,ithasworkedwellsofar.Besidesthisproject,itʼsexpectedthatsimilarlybrilliantplansforthenewrubbishwillcomeoutsoon.Ideally,theorganicrecyclingprogramgetsreenacted(重新制定)inNewYorkCitybeforetoolong.Otherwise,therearesomeothersimilarlybrilliantplansforallthenewrubbishthatwillbecomingsoon.9．Whatcanweknowaboutorganicmaterials？________A．Theywillbereplacedbyotherenergy.B．Theyarebeneficialtotheenvironment.C．Theyhavegreatvalueifhandledproperly.D．Theycanbehardlycontrolledorrecycled.10．WhatistheauthorʼsattitudetowardstruckingNewYorkCityʼsrubbishaway？________A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful.C．Optimistic. D．Negative.11．WhatcanweinferabouttheFreshkillsPark？________A．Ithaslimitedwaterresources.B．Itgivesthelandfillanewlook.C．ItisverysimilartoCentralPark.D．Itturnsfarmlandsintograsslands.12．Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttoexpressinthelastbutoneparagraph？________A．Parksareanidealplaceformanyanimals.B．Theprojectaimstorestoreanimalhabitats.C．NewYorkhasalargespeciesofwildanimals.D．Theprojectcontributestowildlifeprotection.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们将纽约市的Freshkills垃圾填埋场改造成公园所带来的诸多好处。9．C推理推断题。依据其次段“Butwhencontrolledinaway,themethanecanbeputtouseasalternativeenergy.Plus,thereisaby-productfertilizer(肥料),whichcanbesoldonthemarket.(但假如以某种方式加以限制，甲烷可以被用作替代能源。此外，还有一种副产品肥料，可以在市场上出售。)”可知，有机材料假如处理得当，它们有很大的价值。故选C。10．D推理推断题。依据第三段“NowthosethousandsoftonsofrubbishwillbetruckedawaytolandfillsinOhioandotherremoteplaces.Itʼsdefinitelyabackwardstepinourfightagainstclimatechange.(现在，这数千吨垃圾将被卡车运往俄亥俄州和其他偏远地区的垃圾填埋场。这无疑是我们对抗气候变更的一个倒退。)”可知，作者对用卡车运走纽约市的垃圾持否定看法。故选D。11．B推理推断题。依据第四段“Theparkisabest-casescenario(设想)forwhatcanhappentomountainsofrubbish.ItwasoriginallytheFreshkillsLandfillwhichreceivedrubbishformorethanhalfacentury.In2001,thelandfillwasclosed.TheFreshkillsPark,aroundthreetimesthesizeofCentralPark(对于积累如山的垃圾来说，建立这个公园是最好的设想。最初的Freshkills垃圾填埋场接收垃圾长达半个多世纪之久。2001年，该垃圾填埋场被关闭。Freshkills公园的面积大约是中心公园的三倍。)”可知，垃圾填埋场被关闭，取而代之的是Freshkills公园，从而推知，Freshkills公园会让接收垃圾长达半个多世纪之久的垃圾填埋场面貌一新。故选B。12．D推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Today,thegrasshoppersparrowsinNewYorkStatecallthisformerlandfilltheirhome.Sodofoxes,deerandotheranimals.(现在，纽约州的蚱蜢麻雀把这片曾经的垃圾填埋场作为自己的家。狐狸、鹿和其他动物也是如此。)”可知，作者在本段中主要想表达的观点是将垃圾填埋场改造成公园的项目有助于爱护野生动物。故选D。D(2024·山东省临沂市高三一模)Astudyofteenagegirlsʼselfie-taking(自拍)behaviorsfoundthattakingandsharingselfiesonsocialmediaisnotlinkedtopoorbodyimageorappearanceconcerns.However,whenadolescentgirlsspendtoomuchtimestrugglingoverwhichphotoofthemselvestopost,orrelyheavilyoneditingappstoaltertheirimages,theremaybecauseforconcern.Thestudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofArizona,foundthatselfieeditingandtimeinvestedincreatingandselectingtheperfectselfiewerebothrelatedtoself-objectification,whichledtobodyshame,appearanceanxietyandmorenegativeappearanceevaluationsinteengirls.“Self-objectificationistheideathatyoucometothinkofyourselfasanexternalobjecttobeviewedbyotherpeople，”saidseniorstudyauthorJenniferAubrey,anassociateprofessorattheUA.Basedonastudyof278teenagegirls,“Ourmainfindingwasthatwereallyshouldnʼtbetooworriedaboutkidswhotakeselfiesandsharethem;thatʼsnotwherethenegativeeffectscomefrom.Itʼstheinvestmentandtheeditingthatyieldednegativeeffects，”Aubreysaid.“Selfieeditingandselfieinvestmentpredictedself-objectification,andgirlswhoself-objectifyweremorelikelytofeelshamefulabouttheirbodiesoranxiousabouttheirappearance.”“Self-objectificationisthepathwaytosomanythingsinadolescencethatwewanttoprevent，”Aubreysaid.“So,interventionsreallyshouldfocusonhowwecanencouragegirlstodevelopanawarenessofthemselvesthatdoesnʼtonlydependonwhattheylookliketootherpeople.”Theresearcherssaidparentsandcaregiversofadolescentgirlsshouldbeawarethatifateenseemstobeobsessed(痴迷的),itmightbetimeforatalk.Theresearchersalsonotethattherecanbedifferentmotivationsforsharingselfies.“Selfiesareapartofthemedialandscape,butyoushouldpostthemforreasonsotherthantryingtogetpeopletoadmireyourappearanceoryourbody，”Aubreysaid.Withanestimated93millionselfiestakeneachday,theyarenʼtgoingawayanytimesoon,norshouldthey.Theimportantthingtorememberis:Selfiesarenʼtbad.Justdonʼtobsess.13．Whatbehaviorofadolescentgirlsmaycauseconcern？________A．Takingselfies.B．Caringabouttheirimages.C．Sharingselfiesonsocialmedia.D．Overusingeditingappstobeautifytheirimages.14．Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutself-objectification？________A．Itpredictsselfieinvestment.B．Itislinkedtoselfieobsession.C．Itpreventsproblemsinadolescence.D．Itcontributestoobjectiveevaluation.15．Whatshouldinterventionscenteron？________A．Whentohaveatalkwithteengirls.B．Whentoendselfie-takingbehaviors.C．Howtohelpformahealthyself-awareness.D．Howtopreventteenagegirlsʼcrazeforselfies.16．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？________A．Atravelbrochure.B．Asciencenewspaper.C．Apsychologytextbook.D．Anentertainmentma