输电线路自动重合闸的作用分类和基本要求 The Role

输电线路自动重合闸的作用、分类和基本要求

TheRole,ClassificationandBasicRequirementsofAutomaticReclosingofTransmissionLines继电保护运行与调试

RelayProtectionOperationandCommissioning让我们带着问题开始……

Let'sstartwithquestions......1、输电线路的瞬时性故障和永久性故障主要有哪些？

1.Whatarethemaintransientfaultsandpermanentfaultsoftransmissionlines?2、什么是自动重合闸？

2.Whatistheautomaticreclosing?3、自动重合闸装置有哪些作用？

3.Whatarethefunctionsofautomaticreclosingdevice?4、当重合于永久性故障时，自动重合闸装置有哪些不利影响？

4.Whatarethedetrimentaleffectsofanautomaticreclosingdevicewhenreclosingonapermanentfault?5、自动重合闸装置有哪些分类？

5.Whataretheclassificationsofautomaticreclosingdevices?6、自动重合闸装置的基本要求是什么？

6.Whatarethebasicrequirementsoftheautomaticreclosingdevice?1.瞬时性故障VS永久性故障

1.Transientvs.permanentfaults输电线路（特别是架空线路）是发生故障几率最多的元件。

Transmissionlines(especiallyoverheadlines)arethecomponentswiththehighestchanceoffailure.在输电线路的故障中，约有90%以上是瞬时性故障。

About90%ormoreofthefaultsintransmissionlinesaretransientfaults.线路对树枝放电

Linedischargesagainsttreebranches由雷电引起的绝缘子表面闪络

Insulatorsurfaceflashovercausedbylightning鸟害或树枝等物掉落在导线上引起的短路

Shortcircuitscausedbybirds,insects,treebranchesorotherobjectsfallingontheconductor大风引起的碰线

Linetouchingcausedbyhighwinds

线路倒杆

Electriclinepolefallingdown断线

Brokenline绝缘子击穿或损坏

Insulatorbreakdownordamage永久性故障

Permanentfaults2.自动重合闸装置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice把因故障而跳开的断路器自动重新投入的一种装置称为自动重合闸，简称为ARD（ZCH）。

Adevicethatautomaticallyre-engagesacircuitbreakertrippedduetoafaultiscalledanautomaticreclosingdevice,orARD(ZCH)forshort.对于瞬时性故障，如在线路故障被断开以后，把断开的断路器再次合上，就能恢复供电，从而减少停电时间，提高供电可靠性。

Fortransientfaults,(forexample,afteralinehasbeendisconnectedduetoafault,powercanberestoredbyclosingthedisconnectedcircuitbreakeragain),theautomaticreclosingdevicereducesoutagetimeandimprovespowersupplyreliability.瞬时性故障→重合成功

Transientfault→successfulreclosing永久性故障→重合不成功

Permanentfault→unsuccessfulreclosing资料表明：成功率在60%~90%之间

Datashowthatthesuccessrateisbetween60%and90%.2.自动重合闸装置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice

如图所示馈线，正常时负荷得电，正常工作，如果此时输电线路上发生瞬时性故障。

Inthefeedershowninthefigure,theloadisenergizedandoperatesnormally.电源

Powersupply母线

Busbar断路器

Circuitbreaker电流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer故障电流

Faultcurrent故障

Fault馈线

Feeder负荷

Load电压互感器

Voltagetransformer保护装置

Protectivedevice跳闸命令

Trippingcommand跳闸

Tripping断路器操动机构

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自动重合闸装置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice保护装置动作，跳开断路器，负荷失电。Theprotectivedeviceoperatesandtripsthecircuitbreaker,andthentheloadlosespower.电源

Powersupply母线

Busbar断路器

Circuitbreaker电流

Current互感器

Instrumenttransformer馈线

Feeder跳闸

Tripping电压互感器

Voltagetransformer保护装置

Protectivedevice跳闸命令

Trippingcommand断路器操动机构

Circuitbreakeroperatingmechanism2.自动重合闸装置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice经一定延时后，重合闸装置动作，发出合闸命令Afteracertaindelaytime,thereclosingdeviceoperatestoissueaclosingcommand重合闸装置

Reclosingdevice

合闸命令

Closingcommand电源

Powersupply母线

Busbar断路器

Circuitbreaker馈线

Feeder2.自动重合闸装置的概念

2.Conceptofautomaticreclosingdevice断路器闭合，此时故障已消失，线路恢复供电，负荷重新得电。

Thecircuitbreakercloses,atwhichtimethefaulthasdisappeared,thepowersupplytothelineisresumed,andtheloadisre-energized.

合闸命令

Closingcommand电源

Powersupply母线

Busbar断路器

Circuitbreaker馈线

Feeder负荷

Load3.自动重合闸装置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice01提高供电可靠性

01Improvepowersupplyreliability02加快事故后电力系统电压恢复速度

02Acceleratethepowersystemvoltagerecoveryafteranaccident03弥补输电线路耐雷水平降低的影响

03Compensatefortheimpactofreducedlightningresistanceleveloftransmissionlines.减少线路停电次数，对单侧电源的供电线路尤其显著

Reducethenumberoflineoutages,especiallyforunilateralpowerlines.一次重合成功率60%～70%

Single-shotreclosingsuccessrateof60%to70%二次重合成功率80%～90%

Double-shotreclosingsuccessrateof80%to90%电机未完全制动，自启动电流小

Smallself-startingcurrentwhenthemotorisnotfullybraked一次重合循环：几秒

Single-shotreclosingcycle:afewseconds二次重合循环：几十秒

Double-shotreclosingcycle:tensofseconds线路耐雷水平较低

Lowleveloflinelightningprotection10KV：不装避雷线

10KV:nooverheadearthingwire35KV：进线段1KM左右装

35KV:overheadearthingwireisinstalledatabout1KMfromtheincomingline3.自动重合闸装置的作用

3.Roleofautomaticreclosingdevice04提高系统并列运行的稳定性

04Improvethestabilityofparalleloperationofsystems05节省建设输电线路投资

05Saveinvestmentintheconstructionoftransmissionlines06对误跳闸能起纠正作用

06Makecorrectionforfalsetripping联络线跳开→功率不平衡→功角δ↑→失步

Interconnectionlinetripped→powerimbalance→powerangleδ↑→out-of-synchronizationP（Q）不足→f↓（U↓）

P(Q)insufficiency→f↓(U↓)P（Q）过剩→f↑（U↑）

P(Q)excess→f↑(U↑)缓建或不建第二回线

Postponeorevencanceltheconstructionofthesecondloopline误跳闸：继保误动

Falsetripping:falsetrippingofrelayprotectionQF操作机构不良

PoorperformanceofQFoperationmechanism人为误碰

Intentionalhumantouch4.自动重合闸装置的不利影响

4.Adverseeffectsofautomaticreclosingdevices使电力系统又一次受到故障的冲击，可能引起系统震荡。

Makethepowersystemonceagainsubjecttotheshockofthefault,whichmaycausepowersystemoscillation.使断路器工作条件恶化，因为在很短时间内断路器要连续两次切断短路电流

Deterioratetheoperatingconditionsofthecircuitbreaker,becausethecircuitbreakerhastocutofftheshort-circuitcurrenttwiceconsecutivelyinaveryshorttime.当重合于永久性故障上时……

Whenreclosingonapermanentfault......空气断路器：不受影响

Aircircuitbreaker:notaffected油断路器：切断短路电流时，触头附近的油要分解和碳化，绝缘性能降低，绝缘性能恢复要一定的时间，同时灭弧室的绝缘油充分交换也需要时间，因此油断路器重合于永久性故障时的开断电流要降低一些。

Oilcircuitbreaker:whentheshortcircuitcurrentiscutoff,theoilnearthecontactisdecomposedandcarbonized,theinsulationperformanceoftheoilisreduced,therecoveryoftheinsulationperformancetakesacertaintime,andthefullexchangeoftheinsulatingoilinthearcextinguishingchamberalsotakestime.So,thebreakingcurrentoftheoilcircuitbreakerreclosingonthepermanentfaultshouldbereduced.5.自动重合闸装置的分类——按功能分类

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices-byfunction不管是单相接地还是相间短路，跳开三相断路器，进行三相重合闸。若故障为瞬时性，则重合闸成功，否则保护再次动作，跳开三相断路器。

Whetheritisasingle-phasegroundoraninterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandperformathree-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.发生单相接地时，跳开故障相断路器，进行单相重合闸。若故障为瞬时性，则重合闸成功；否则保护再次动作，跳开三相断路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.发生相间短路时，跳开三相断路器，不进行重合。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerwithoutreclosing.只限用于220kV及以上装有分相操作机构的断路器的输电线路。

Itislimitedtopowertransmissionlinesof220kVandaboveequippedwithcircuitbreakerswithsplitphaseoperatingmechanisms.发生单相接地时，跳开故障相断路器，进行单相重合闸。若故障为瞬时性，则重合闸成功，否则保护再次动作，跳开三相断路器。

Whensingle-phasegroundingoccurs,tripthefaulty-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutsingle-phasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.发生相间短路时，跳开三相断路器，进行三相重合闸。若故障为瞬时性，则重合闸成功，否则保护再次动作，跳开三相断路器。

Incaseofinterphaseshortcircuit,tripthethree-phasecircuitbreakerandcarryoutthreephasereclosing.Ifthefaultistransient,thereclosingissuccessful;otherwise,theprotectionoperatesagainandtripsthethree-phasecircuitbreaker.01三相自动重合闸

01Three-phaseautomaticreclosing02单相自动重合闸

02Single-phaseautomaticreclosing03综合自动重合闸

03Integratedautomaticreclosing5.自动重合闸装置的分类——其他分类

5.Classificationofautomaticreclosingdevices--Otherclassifications机械式ARD

MechanicalARD电气式ARD

ElectricalARD晶体管式ARD

TransistorizedARD按构成原理分类

Classificationaccordingtotheprincipleofcomposition一次ARD

One-timeARD二次ARD

Two-timeARD多次ARD

MultipleARD按动作次数

Bynumberofoperations按应用的线路结构分类

Classificationaccordingtothelinestructureofapplication单侧电源线路ARD

Unilateral-powerlineARD双侧电源线路ARD

BilateralpowerlinesARD三相快速ARD

Three-phasefastARD非同步ARD

Non-synchronousARD无压检定和同步检定ARD

No-voltageverificationandsynchronousverificationARDs检查平行线路有电流的ARD

ARDwithcurrentinparallelcircuit解列ARD

DesynchronizedARD自同步ARD

Self-synchronizationARD6.自动重合闸装置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices重合闸的启动方式：事故跳闸时，ARD启动；正常跳闸时，ARD闭锁。为了区别事故跳闸和正常跳闸，有以下两种启动方式。

Startingmethodofreclosing:Incaseofaccidentaltripping,ARDisstarted;incaseofnormaltripping,ARDisblocked.Inordertodifferentiatebetweenaccidentaltrippingandnormaltripping,therearethefollowingtwostart-upmethods.01

0102

021

12

2不对应启动方式：控制开关“合后”位置与断路器“跳后”位置不对应，表明断路器因保护动作或误动作而跳闸，ARD启动。适用于有人值班就地控制的变电所，不适用于遥控线路。

Non-correspondingstartingmode:Thecontrolswitch"afterclosing"positiondoesnotcorrespondtothecircuitbreaker"aftertripping"position,indicatingthatthecircuitbreakeristrippedduetoprotectionoperationormalfunction,andtheARDisactivated.Itisapplicabletothetransformersubstationwhichiscontrolledlocallybythepersononduty,butnotapplicabletothelineofremotecontrol.保护启动方式：保护动作于断路器跳闸的同时，ARD启动。对断路器误跳闸不能起纠正作用，适用于遥控场合。

Protectivestartingmode:ARDisstartedwhenthecircuitbreakeristripped.Itcannotplayacorrectiveroleforthecircuitbreakerfalsetripping,andissuitableforremotecontroloccasions.在正常跳闸时，闭锁ARD。

ARDisblockedduringnormaltripping.1

12

2运行人员手动操作或遥控断路器断开时，闭锁ARD。

ARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakeristrippedmanuallyorremotelybytheoperator.当手动投入或自动投入断路器时，若线路故障，保护跳开，闭锁ARD。

Whenthecircuitbreakerisengagedmanuallyorautomatically,theprotectionistrippedandARDisblockedifthelineisfaulty.3

3按频率自动减负荷装置动作将断路器断开时，闭锁ARD。

TheARDisblockedwhenthecircuitbreakerisdisconnectedbytheoperationoftheautomaticloadsheddingdeviceaccordingtofrequency.4

4母线保护或桥形接线的主变差动保护动作跳闸，因不属于线路故障，闭锁ARD。

Fortrippingduetothemaintransformerdifferentialprotectionoperationofthebusbarprotectionorbridgeconnection,theARDdeviceisblockedbecauseitisnotalinefault.6.自动重合闸装置的基本要求

6.Basicrequirementsforautomaticreclosingdevices动作时间应尽可能短些：保护动作切除故障后，在满足故障点绝缘恢复及断路器操作机构已准备好重合的条件下，ARD应尽快发出重合闸脉冲，以缩短停电时间。

Theoperationtimeshallbeasshortaspossible:Aftertheprotectionoperationisolatesthefault,undertheconditionthattheinsulationrecoveryatthefaultpointissatisfiedandthecircuitbreakeroperatingmechanismisreadytoreclose,ARDshouldissuereclosingpulseassoonaspossibletoshortenthepoweroutagetime.03

0304

04动作次数应符合预先的规定

Thenumberofoperationsshallbeasrequired.05

05应与继电保护配合：有可能在重合闸以前或以后加速继电保护的动作，加速故障的切除。

Itshallcooperatewithrelayprotection:Itispossibletoacceleratetheop