中国文化教程Unit 23

2021/6/271Unit23LifewithFragrantTea2021/6/272Lead-inTextstudyExercisesContent2021/6/273Lead-in武夷山茶园Teaplantation

atWuyiMountain2021/6/274DoyouknowthestoryofDahongpaotea?Lead-in2021/6/275Lead-inAdditionalInfo传说古时候有一穷秀才上京赶考路过武夷山时病倒在路上，幸被天心庙老方丈看见，泡了一碗茶给他喝，果然病就好了。后来秀才金榜题名中了状元,还被招为东床驸马。一个春日，状元来到武夷山谢恩。在老方丈的陪同下，前呼后拥来到了九龙窠，只见峭壁上长着三株高大的茶树，枝叶繁茂，吐着一簇簇嫩芽，在阳光下闪着紫红色的光泽，煞是可爱。老方丈说:“去年你犯鼓胀病就是用这种茶叶泡茶治好的。很早以前，每逢春日茶树发芽时，就鸣鼓召集群猴穿上红衣裤爬上绝壁采下茶叶，炒制后收藏，可以治百病。”2021/6/276Lead-inAdditionalInfo

状元听了要求采制一盒进贡皇上。第二天，庙内烧香点烛，击鼓鸣钟，召来大小和尚向九龙窠进发。众人来到茶树下焚香礼拜，然后采下芽叶精工制作，装入锡盒。状元带了茶进京后正遇皇后肚疼鼓胀卧床不起。状元立即献茶让皇后服下，果然茶到病除。皇上大喜，将一件大红袍交给状元，让他代表自己去武夷山封赏。状元封赏路上礼炮轰响，火烛通明，到了九龙窠。状元命一樵夫爬上半山腰，将皇上赐的大红袍披在茶树上以示皇恩。说也怪，等掀开大红袍时，三株茶树的芽叶在阳光下闪出红光。众人说这是大红袍染红的。后来人们就把这三株茶树叫做“大红袍”，有人还在石壁上刻了“大红袍”三个大字，从此大红袍就成了年年岁岁的贡茶。2021/6/277IntroductionMagicalFunction

ofTeaWaysofSavoring

(品味)TeaTeaDrinkingandFolkCustomsTextstudy2021/6/278IntroductionoriginallyproducedinChinaabout4,000yearsago.DuringtheTangDynasty,JapanesemonksintroducedteaseedstoJapan,andbycombiningteawithZenBuddhism

(禅宗),createdtheworld-famousJapaneseteaceremony.Inthe17thcentury,theDutchtooktoEuropetheChinesehabitofteadrinking,whichthenbecameatraditionoftheEuropeans.2021/6/279IntroductionInChina,thehomeoftea,drinkingteaisstillawidespreadhabit.Overthepastseveralthousandyears,teahasbeenthemostfavoreddrinkfortheChinesepeople.However,thetea-drinkinghabitvariesfromnorthtosouthinstyle,anddifferenttea-drinkinghabitshavehelpeddevelopdifferentlocalcustoms.Teaiscloselyrelatedtotheeverydaylifeofordinarypeople.2021/6/2710IntroductionJustasmanyimportanteventstookplaceincafesintheWest,itisintheteahousesthatmanyimportantthingshappenedinChina.TeahouseshavealwaysbeenanimportantsettinginthelifeoftheChinesepeople.2021/6/2711IntroductionWhenteawasfirstintroducedtoEurope,itwaswarmlyacceptedandevenacclaimedasa“blessingfromGod”,andpeoplewentsofarastocongratulatethemselvesonbeingaliveatsuchatimewhentealeaveswerefound.InChina,loveforteaisjustas,ifnotmore,ardent(强烈的).2021/6/2712MagicalFunctionsofTeaWhatdoyouknowaboutthefunctionsoftea?LiuZhenliang,ateamasterofthelateTangDynasty,onceputforwardthetheoryofthe"tenvirtues"oftea:teaistasty;teacanmaintainhealth;teacandriveawaystinkingodors;teacanpreventtheattackofdiseases;teacancultivateenergyinthehumanbody;teacanrelievedepression;teacanimprovemanners;teacanconveyrespect;teacansoothethemind;andteacanupholdjustice.2021/6/2713MagicalFunctionsofTea2021/6/2714MagicalFunctionsofTeaDrinkingteaistosatisfytheneedsofthebodyaswellasthemind.Acupofrefreshingteaisabletonaturallyrelieveapersonofthirstwhilegivingcomfortandpleasure.AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicine,drinkingteacancureavarietyofdiseases,becausetheslightlybitterandastringent

(昧涩的)teacontainselementssalutary

(有益健康的)forthebody.清黄易印茶熟香温且自看Sealcarving,byHuangYi(1744-1802),QingDynasty:inscribedwithalineofverseexpressingtherelaxedminedwhiledrinkingtea2021/6/2715MagicalFunctionsofTeaToteadrinkers,thefirstandforemostpleasurederivedfromdrinkingteais"cleansing".Teapreferstogrowincleanplaces.Thecleaneraplace,thebetterthequalityoftheteaitnurtures.Fineteasusuallygrowonhighmountains,envelopedincloudsandmistsandinaclearatmosphere.武夷山WuyiMountain2021/6/2716MagicalFunctionsofTeaThesecondimportantfacetisthatof"seekingleisure".Thebustlingworld,fullofconfusionandargument,wearinessandexhaustion,damagesthemindandbodyofhumanbeings.Acupofrefreshingteacanparry

(挡开,避开)thesoundandfuryofthesecularworldatarm'slength.元赵原陆羽烹茶图LuYuMakingTea,byZhaoYuan(birthanddeathdatesunknown),YuanDynasty.LuYu(733-804)oftheTangDynastywastheacclaimedTeaSaintofChina2021/6/2717MagicalFunctionsofTeaThethirdimportantfeatureisthatof"payingrespect".TheChinesepeoplehavelongfosteredthecustomofexpressingrespectbypresentingacupoftea.2021/6/2718WaysofSavoringTeaTheChinesepeoplelooktoteadrinkingasanart,whichincorporatesawiderangeofknowledge;thetasteofteamightbelight,yetthemeaningisrichanddeep.Howcouldwemakeagoodcupoftea?Whatshouldbetakenintoconsideration?2021/6/2719WaysofSavoringTeaTheChineseattachgreatimportancetothewater,tealeaves,teaset,andfire,whenmakinganddrinkingtea.2021/6/2720WaysofSavoringTeaWaterisanelementofpriorityinthemakingoftea.Tomakeagoodcupoftea,qualitywaterisamust.Tomakefinetea,waterfromhighmountainsisthebest,followedbywaterfromriversandwells.(byLuYu(733-804),TeaSaintoftheTangDynasty)WhydoesLuYusaythewordsaboveonteamaking?2021/6/2721WaysofSavoringTeaInthecloud-envelopedhighmountains,crystalclearspringwateristhebestformakingtea;waterinthebrooksthoughalsogood,isnotpurebecauseitsmellsoftheearth,thereforeisonlysecondbest.Consideredthirdiswaterfromwells,asartificialspringsfromundergroundareoftenstagnant(不流动的)andtintedwiththeflavorofsalt.2021/6/2722WaysofSavoringTeaTheChinesepeoplealsoliketocollectsnowtomaketea.Theleisurelysceneof"makingteawithfreshlycollectedsnow,whilereadinginthelightofalamponacoldwinterday",isadmiredbymanyliterati.Snowiswhitebuteasilycontaminated,thereforepeopleliketocollectfreshsnowtomaketea.2021/6/2723WaysofSavoringTea

号称天下第一泉的济南趵突泉BaotuSpring,acclaimed“No.1SpringunderHeaven”2021/6/2724WaysofSavoringTeaAfterwater,thesecondmostimportantfactorformakinggoodteaistealeaves.Chinahasalonghistoryofcultivatingmiscellaneoustealeaves.Fromtheperspectiveofprocessing,tealeavesfallintothecategoriesofgreentea,blacktea,oolongtea,darktea,andscented

(有香味的)

tea.2021/6/2725WaysofSavoringTeaGreentea（themaintypeoftea,whoseoutputencompassesabout70percentoftotalproductioneachyear）—LongjingofHangzhou,BiluochunofJiangsu,andHuangshanMaofengandLiu'anGuapianofAnhui.Blacktea

(fermentedtea)—QimenBlackTeaofAnhuiandDianBlackTeaofYunnan.OolongteaismainlyproducedinTaiwanandintheWuyiMountainsinFujian.2021/6/2726DarkteaisrepresentedbyPu'erTeaofYunnan.Itisprocessedbyaddingwatertodriedgreentealeaves,whicharethenfermented.Thereareavarietyofscentedteas,includingchrysanthemumandjasmine

(茉莉花)tea,thefavoriteofnorthernChinese.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2727Fineteaneedstobeservedinafineteaset.TheChinesepeoplepayparticularattentiontoteasets,whichmaybemadeofporcelain,ceramic,glassorwood.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2728Thefourthandfinalelementinmakinggoodteaisthefire,whichshouldbe：

WaysofSavoringTea“Flowingwaterneedsalivefire.”

(bythefamousSong-dynastypoetSuDongpo)①live—referringtoacharcoal(木炭)fire②slow③exudingasenseofthewildwhilenothavingthatreek(恶臭)ofsmoke2021/6/2729IntheChineseteaceremony,therearefourtenets(原则)

thatateadrinkershouldobserve,i.e.,color,aroma,taste,andform.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2730First,observethecolor.Differentteashavedifferentcolors,suchasblacktea,greentea,oolongtea,whitetea(leaveswithfineandsoftwhitehair),anddarktea.Whenmakingtea,peoplehavedifferentcolorrequirementsforthesedifferentteas.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2731Greenteashouldbefresh,andthebestgreenteaisproducedinspring.TeapickedeitherbeforeQingmingFestivalortheGrainRain(daymarkingthebeginningofthesixthsolartermthatfallsonApril9,20,or21),isfavoredbypeople,duetotheleaves’tenderness,freshnessandgreennesswithatouchofyellow.Thistypeofteapresentsanunforgettabletransparentimageinaglassofhotwater.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2732WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2733Oolongteahasadeepbrowncolorgivingasenseofweightandseclusion.Itshouldbemadeinateapot,andlookthickandgoldenwhenpouredinateacup.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2734WaysofSavoringTeaLongjingteaBiluochunteaQimenBlackTeaDahongpaoteaPu’erteaJasminetea2021/6/2735Second,observethearoma.Fineteashouldhaveaspecialfragranceofitsown.TheChinesepeoplehavethreewaysofenjoyingthearomaoftea:smellingitwithone'snoseoncethetealeavesareputintoateacup;tastingitwiththetongueoncetheteaisinthemouthandthefragranceoverflows;andappreciatingitwiththeheartastheunforgettablearomalingersinthemouth,justlikeenjoyingafreshbreeze.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2736Third,observethetaste.Mentionthetasteoftea,andatealoverwouldtellyouthatthebitternessofteaisthemostimportantofallteaflavors.Teaitselfhasasubtlebitterness,which,ifonesipsitslowly,wouldturnintosweetness,thatis,whenbitternessends,sweetnessbegins.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2737Fourth,observetheform.Theshapeoftealeavesshouldalsobeobservedwhendrinkingtea,especiallygreentea.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2738Forexample,thetenderleavesofLongjingTea,pickedinthemists,wouldeachstandupinhotwaterbeforetheyslowlyunfoldandstretchandfalldown.Againstthebackgroundofawhiteteacup,theylookasiftheyareperformingagracefuldance.Liu'anGuapian,anotherfamousgreentea,isanothergoodexample.Theedgeofeachleafofthiskindofteacurvesupward,itscolorbrightgreen.Inhotwater,theleavesresemblelotusflowers,hencetheteahaslongbeenafavoriteofChinesepeople.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2739Fineteaisacombinationofcolor,aroma,taste,andform,andrequirespatiencetobewellappreciated.Therefore,Chinesepeoplespeakof“savoringtea”,insteadof“drinkingtea”;anyhurryherewouldbetaboo.WaysofSavoringTea2021/6/2740Drinkingtea,along-establishedcustompopularwiththeChinesepeople,iscloselyrelated老舍茶馆的赏茶会Asceneofa“TeaAppreciationCeremony”intheLaoSheTeahouseinBeijing

TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms2021/6/2741Inthosegoodtimesofold,ToateahousemyfatherIfollowed.BeforetheteahouseIplayedwithshellsAndatthelaneentrance,withsand.—WangZengqiTeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms记得旧时好，跟随爹爹去吃茶。门前磨螺壳，巷口弄泥沙。——汪曾祺2021/6/2742WangZengqibelievedthiswas“atrulyfinepoem”.Theauthordescribestheritualoffollowinghisfathertoateahouseduringhischildhood.Heplayedwithshellsandsandattheentrancetothelaneinfrontoftheteahouse.Whatahappytimeitwas!Thewholepoemexpressesasoft,touchingmelancholypermeated

(弥漫)withstrongpoeticflavor.TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms2021/6/2743ManyChinesefolkcustomsarerelatedtotea,suchastheweddingceremony.Teatreesgrowoutofseeds,andcannotbemoved,sonewlywedscustomarilyplantteaseedstosymbolizetheirdevotiontolove.Theengagementceremonyiscalleda“teaceremony”inChina,whichisstillpopularinsomeplaces.TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms2021/6/2744Manylovesongsarerelatedtoteadrinking,too.AccordingtotherecordsofLuYou(1125-1210),aSong-dynastypoet,insomeplaces,singleyoungmenandwomenoftenmettosing:TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms“Younggirl,asprettyastealeaves,/Wouldyoupleasecomeoutforacupoftea?”

(小娘子，叶底花，无事出来吃盏茶)2021/6/2745”MyhomeissituatedbythePantuoRiver,Comehaveteasometime,mysweetheart.Withearthenwallsandathatched

(茅顶的)rootInfront,asilktreeinfullbloom.“TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms盘陀江上是侬家，郎若闲时来吃茶。黄土筑墙茅盖屋，门前一树马樱花。Note:Thesilktreeanddrinkingteabothsymbolizeloveandmarriage.Withthesetwoimages,thisromanticlovesongsoundsevenmorevividandpoetic.2021/6/2746ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplication2021/6/2747Comprehensionl.SkimmingandScanning

Gothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)WhatdidtheChinesepeoplecontributetotheworldaccordingtoParagraph1?2)Whoproposedthetheoryofthe"tenvirtues"oftea?TeawasanimportantcontributionoftheChinesepeopletotheworld.LiuZhenliangproposedthetheoryof"tenvirtues"oftea.2021/6/27484)Whatarethefourimportantfactorswhenmakinganddrinkingtea?5)Whatkindsofwateraregoodforteamaking?Thefourfactorsofmakinganddrinkingteaaretealeaves,water,teasetsandfire.Comprehension3)Whatarethethreemainfunctionsofdrinkingtea?Thethreemostimportantfunctionsinclude:itcanhelpcleanseandbalancethebody,calmdownpeople'smindsandbeusedtoexpressrespectforpeople.Theyarewaterfromhighmountains,waterinthebrooks,andwaterfromwells.2021/6/2749Comprehension7)IntheChineseteaceremony,whattenetsshouldateadrinkerobserve?8)Howcanthearomaofteabeenjoyedintheteaceremony?AccordingtoParagraph15,teaisclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesdependingontheirwaysofprocessing.Ateadrinkershouldobservefourtenets:color,aroma,tasteandform.Somecraftspeopleevendonotsettheireyesonwhattheyaredoingwhiledoingpaper-cuttingbecausetheyaresoskilledatthisfolkartthattheycandoitlikedoingmagictricks.6)HowisteaclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesaccordingtoParagraph15?2021/6/2750ComprehensionBecauseteatreesgrowoutofseeds,andcannotbemoved,sonewlywedscustomarilyplantteaseedstosymbolizetheirdevotiontolove.10)WhydoChinesepeoplecalltheengagementceremonya"teaceremony"insomeplaces?9)Whatisthemostimportanttasteoftea?Bitternesswhichcanturnsweetisthemostimportanttasteoftea.2021/6/2751II.CarefulReading

1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.Itwasnotuntil________________yearsagothatteawasgrowninothercountriesthanChina.Teaissoimportanttotheordinarylifeofpeoplethatithasinfluenced__________________.Drinkingteacancuresomediseasesbecause______________________________________________________________.Comprehension

alittlemorethan200different

local

customstheslightlybitterandastringentteacontainselementssalutaryforthebody2021/6/27524)Becausethemostimportantfunctionofteaiscleansing,thequalityofteamostlydependson

__________________________.5)Insocialinteraction,_____________________________aswellasrespectcanbeexpressedbytea.6)Manyliteratidreamedofmakingteawith_________________.7)AccordingtoLuYu,thetopspringsforteaare________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Comprehensionwhetheritisgrowninacleanplacewelcome,hospitality,goodwishesfreshlycollectedsnowtheHuishanSpringinWuxi,JiangsuProvince,BaotuSpringinJi’nan,ShandongProvince,andtheHupaoSpringinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince2021/6/27538)BoccaroteasetproducedinYixingismentionedasanexampleof_____________.9)Thefireformakinggoodteashouldbe____and_____.10)Greenteashouldbe______,______and_______________________,whileOolongteahasadeepbrowncolorgivingasenseofweightandseclusion.11)Ifthetealeavesstandupinhotwaterbeforetheyslowlyunfoldandstretchandfalldown,thenwecanjudgeitis________tea.ComprehensionceramicteasetsliveslowtenderfreshgreenwithatouchofyellowLongjing2021/6/275412)InthesongmentionedinParagraph30,thewooersexpresstheirloveforthegirlsby_______________.Comprehensioninvitingthemtotea2021/6/27552.PutthefollowingintoEnglishbyreferringtothepassage.绿茶（龙井、碧螺春、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片）2)红茶（祁门红茶、滇红茶）Comprehensiongreentea(LongjingofHangzhou,BiluochunofJiangsu,HuangshanMaofengandLiu'anGuapianofAnhui)blacktea(QimenBlackTeaofAnhui,DianBlackTeaofYunnan)2021/6/27563)乌龙茶4)黑茶（普洱茶）5)花茶（菊花茶、茉莉花茶）Comprehensionoolongteadarktea(Pu'erTeaofYunnan)scentedtea(chrysanthemumtea,jasminetea)2021/6/2757CommunicationInChina,thehomeoftea,drinkingteaisawidespreadhabit.Meanwhile,asmentionedinthepassage,Britishpeoplehavedevelopedthecustomofafternoontea.WhatdoyouknowabouttheafternoonteacustominBritain?2021/6/2758ApplicationChineseteahousesaresimilartoAmericancoffeehousesinmanyways.ReadthefollowingintroductionofAmericancoffeehousesandcomparethemwithChineseteahouses.CoffeeshopsintheUnitedStatesarosefromtheItaliancoffeehousesoftheItalianAmericanimmigrantcommunitieswhichmainlysoldespresso(蒸馏咖啡)andpastry.IntheUnitedStates,theFrenchwordforcoffeehouse(cafe)meansaninformalrestaurant,offeringaran