2025届广东省湛江市普通高中毕业班11月份调研测试英语试题（含答案解析）

绝密★启用前2025届湛江市普通高中毕业班调研测试英语试卷共8页，47小题，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.ViaAppia,ItalyAlsoknownas“theQueenofroads”,this500-milestretchistheoldestRomanroad.ItconnectstheItaliancapitaltoSouthernItaly’sseaportsandspeedsthegrowthanddevelopmentofnewsettlementswhiledrivingagriculturalproductionandtrade.Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble(建筑群),GermanyApicture-perfectimageoftraditionalGermanarchitecturesurroundedbyLakeSchwerin,thisculturalensemblecomprises38ofSchwerin’smoststrikinglandscapesandarchitecture.ThearchitectureofSchwerincapturestheessenceof19th-centuryGermanywithitspublicgardensandculturalbuildingstiedtogetherbythegrandSchwerinCastle.TheFlowCountry,ScotlandInScotlandliesoneoftheworld’smostuntouchedblanketbog(沼泽)landscapes.Witharound500,000acresofbogpoolsandancientplants,TheFlowCountryisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcarbonstores,crucialinthefightagainstclimatechange.Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.MoravianChurchSettlements,GermanyandUKGracehillwasavillageinNorthernIrelandfoundedbytheMoraviansin1759.GuidedtoursofGracehillOldSchoolandtheMoravianChurchoffervisualinsightsintotraditional,Moravianarchitecture.InGermany,thelivingMoravianheritagecanbefeltinthemuseumsandchurchhallsofHerrnhut,thebirthplaceoftheMoravianChurch.1.WhatcanoneexpecttodofromthetravelalongViaAppia?A.Takeabustosouthernseaports. B.AdmiresomeGermanbuildings.C.ExperiencetheancientpastofItaly. D.HavealookatMoravianarchitecture.2.Whichsitecanonegotowatchthewildlife?A.ViaAppia. B.TheFlowCountry.C.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble. D.MoravianChurchSettlements.3.Whatdothefoursiteshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocatedinthesamecountry.B.Theyarenotmuchknowntotheoutside.C.Theyaremeantfornature-lovingtravelers.D.TheyhavelongbeenontheWorldHeritageList.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍2024年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录的欧洲的四个景点，分别是意大利的亚壁古道、德国的施未林建筑群、苏格兰的弗罗湿地区，以及德国与英国的摩拉维亚居留区。【1题详解】细节理解题。由ViaAppia,Italy中“Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.(沿着这条路走是一种穿越时间的旅行，原来的铺路石让我们想起了意大利的旧时代。)”可知，意大利的亚壁石道是最古老的罗马时代的道路，走在这条路上会让人感觉时光倒流，能回顾意大利的历史。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheFlowCountry,Scotland中“Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.(步行是您如何近距离体验这片鲜为人知的景观和各种野生动物物种的壮丽景色。)”可知，在苏格兰的弗罗湿地区步行游览，人们可以近距离感受到野生生物。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“UNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.(联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》已于2024年更新，欧洲最新的名录，一些欧洲鲜为人知但具有文化意义的遗址，非常值得探索。)”可知，本文介绍的是欧洲四个在2024年被列入世界文化遗产名录的景点，它们都不太被外人所知。故选B项。BHearingthespeedingcarspassingus,Ihadtofocusonthesoundofmyuncle’sbicycleleadingtheway.Atthirty,withmyretinas(视网膜)dyingfromaneyedisease,drivingacarwasimpossibleandIcouldn’tgiveupthefreedomofridingmybike.UncleFredpedalledsteadily.Ibikedafewinchesbehind.Heshouteddirectionsateachintersection.Suddenly,hisvoicerosewithurgency,“Carol,stop!Acaristurning.”Whenwereachedourdestination,myshouldersachedfromtheride.AsIsatnexttoUncleFred,heclearedhisthroatandsaid,“Carol,didyouthinkaboutgettingatrainedSeeingEyedog?Itcangiveyouindependence.”HeknewIwasafraidofdogs.Wordsstuckinmythroat.Buthisvoicecrackedandplantedtheseedofanidea.Myworldshrunkasmyblindnessgrewworse.Luckily,Ihadagoodsenseofdirection,allowingmetovisualizeneighborhoodroutes.Thisskillcouldbeanadvantagewhenworkingwithadog.Aftercalculating,Ifinallycalledtheguidedogschool.Theadmissionapplicationarrived,butIstillwasn’tsure.Oneday,IphonedmyfriendRobert,alongtimeguidedoguserinmytown.Hesharedhispositiveexperiences.Somehow,hiswordsconvincedmetogiveitatry.Duringthetraining,thedogtrainer’scoachingandeachsuccessfulwalkwiththedogsbuiltmyconfidence.AsmyguidedogMistyandIbonded,myshouldersrelaxed.WhenIreturnedhome,UncleFredwasthefirsttomeetMisty.Mistysatatourfeetwavinghertail.Shemusthavepickeduponthepositiveenergythatcircleduslikeahug.MistydroveawaymyanxietyasIslowlyopenedmyhearttoher.JustasUncleFredhadpredicted,overcomingmyfeargavemetheopportunityformoreindependence.Mynewconfidencecamefromusingaguidedog,allowingmetowalktall.UncleFred’sadvicemovedmysenseofjoyfrommybiketomydog.4.Whatdrovetheauthortorideabike?A.Gettingpreparedfordrivingacar. B.Treatingherdiseasebytakingexercise.C.Gettingfamiliarwithnoisybackground. D.Enjoyingthefreedomofmovingaround.5.Howdidtheauthorreacttoheruncle’ssuggestion?A.Shethoughtitworthatry. B.Shedrewupapracticalplan.C.Shewasstuckindesperation. D.Sherefuseditforfearofdogs.6.WhydidtheauthorcallRobert?A.Toinvitehimtoadoptadog. B.Toaskhimabouttheapplication.C.Toencouragehimtobepositiveinlife. D.Toconsulthimabouttakingaguidedog.7.WhatchangedidMistybringtotheauthor?A.Shebecameconfidentaboutfightingtheillness.B.Shebecamemoreattachedtoheruncleforhelp.C.ShegainedherindependencewithMisty’shelp.D.Sheformedhercommunityofguidedogtrainers.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。眼睛的疾病使作者不能自由出行，在亲人的鼓励下，作者领养了导盲犬，从此她的生活无须再依赖他人，她对生活也更加乐观。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Hearingthespeedingcarspassingus,Ihadtofocusonthesoundofmyuncle’sbicycleleadingtheway.Atthirty,withmyretinas(视网膜)dyingfromaneyedisease,drivingacarwasimpossibleandIcouldn’tgiveupthefreedomofridingmybike.(听到超速行驶的汽车从我们身边经过，我不得不专注于我叔叔的自行车带路的声音。三十岁时，我的视网膜因眼疾而逐渐丧失功能，开车是不可能的，我不能放弃骑自行车的自由。)”可知，作者骑自行车是为了享受出行的自由。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“Myworldshrunkasmyblindnessgrewworse.Luckily,Ihadagoodsenseofdirection,allowingmetovisualizeneighborhoodroutes.Thisskillcouldbeanadvantagewhenworkingwithadog.(随着失明的加剧，我的世界缩小了。幸运的是，我有很好的方向感，可以想象出附近的路线。与狗一起工作时，这项技能可能是一个优势。)”以及上文可知，作者听到叔叔的建议时不知道说什么，因为她一直很害怕狗，但是这句话在她的脑子里种下了一个养狗的念头，她觉得这个建议值得一试。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第四段“Oneday,IphonedmyfriendRobert,alongtimeguidedoguserinmytown.Hesharedhispositiveexperiences.Somehow,hiswordsconvincedmetogiveitatry.(有一天，我打电话给我的朋友罗伯特，他是我镇上一位长期使用导盲犬的人。他分享了自己的积极经历。不知怎么的，他的话说服了我试一试。)”可知，作者打电话给好友罗伯特，因为他养了很长时间的导盲犬，所以作者向他咨询。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“AsmyguidedogMistyandIbonded,myshouldersrelaxed.WhenIreturnedhome,UncleFredwasthefirsttomeetMisty.Mistysatatourfeetwavinghertail.Shemusthavepickeduponthepositiveenergythatcircleduslikeahug.MistydroveawaymyanxietyasIslowlyopenedmyhearttoher.JustasUncleFredhadpredicted,overcomingmyfeargavemetheopportunityformoreindependence.Mynewconfidencecamefromusingaguidedog,allowingmetowalktall.UncleFred’sadvicemovedmysenseofjoyfrommybiketomydog.(当我和导盲犬米斯蒂亲密接触时，我的肩膀放松了。当我回到家时，弗雷德叔叔是第一个见到米斯蒂的人。米斯蒂坐在我们脚边，挥舞着尾巴。她一定感受到了像拥抱一样围绕着我们的正能量。米斯蒂驱散了我的焦虑，我慢慢地向她敞开心扉。正如弗雷德叔叔所预测的那样，克服恐惧给了我更多的独立机会。我的新信心来自使用导盲犬，让我能够走得很高。弗雷德叔叔的建议把我的快乐从自行车转移到了我的狗身上。)”可知，这里提到作者领养了导盲犬之后生活的变化，说这只导盲犬让自己更自信，而且不再焦虑，在生活上更加独立。故选C项。CInsurveysoverthepastcoupleofyears,GallupresearchershavefoundonlyaboutathirdofU.S.workersfeelengagedwiththeirjobs.It’saconcernforcompaniesandtheeconomy.Fortunately,researchershaveidentifiedasimplesolution:Recognizeyouremployees’achievements.Acrossanumberofindustries,employeeshavinghigh-qualityrecognitiononthejobwere45%lesslikelytohaveleftthatjobbetween2022and2024.“Imaginehowdemoralizingitwouldbeifyou’redoingthingsatworkthatnobodyseesandyoufeellikenobodycaresabout,’’saysMartin,seniordirectoratWorkhuman,whichtrackedthecareerpathsofmorethan3,400workersovertwoyears.Whenitcomestorecognition,peoplefeellesslonelywhentheircontributionsarepraised,whichinturnkeepsthemfromseekingworkelsewhere.Thesurveyaskedrespondentsiftheyfeltstressedthepreviousday.Thosewhosaidtheyfeltrecognizedonthejobreportedlowerlevelsofstressthanthosewhosaidtheywerenot.Anotherfindingemergingfromthesurveysisthathigh-qualityfeedbackcanfuelprofessionaldevelopment.ThatwasAndyHernandez’sexperience.HewasworkingincarfinancinginGreenville,tryingtofigureouthowtogetahead,whenhedecidedtolearnExceltouseitatwork.Hebeganpitchingideasusinghisnewlyacquiredskills.Managerslikedwhathewasdoingandtoldhimasmuch.“ItmotivatesmetoknowthatallthisextrastuffI’mdoinggetsrecognized;it’salsohelpingmeshowthatI’mreadyforthenextstep,”hesays.Herosethroughtheranks,eventuallybecomingateamleader.Hesayshelookedforopportunitiestoshowappreciationforhisteam.Therearegenerationaldifferenceswhenitcomestothedesireforfeedback,Gallupfoundin2024.Youngerworkers,whofeellessattachedtotheirworkplacesthantheirparents,haveahigherexpectationofappreciation.Fortunatelyforthem,companyleadersarealsoincreasinglyrecognizingtheimportanceofpraiseintheworkplace.In2024,Workhumanfound42%ofseniorleadersreportingtheirorganizationsvalueemployeerecognition,upfrom28%in2022.8WhatdidGallupresearchersrevealaboutU.S.workers?A.Theygivepositiveworkfeedback.B.Theydesirehighincomefortheirwork.C.Theyfeellessdevotedtotheirwork.D.They’reconcernedaboutU.S.economy.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demoralizing”inparagraph2mean?A.Discouraging. B.Inspiring. C.Misleading. D.Entertaining.10.WhatbenefitdidlearningExcelbringtoAndy?A.Itmadehimjudgehisteaminapositiveway. B.Hewelcomedeachsuggestionobjectively.C.Itenabledhimtobeputinchargeofafirm. D.Hewasrecognizedandmotivatedtogoon.11.WhatdidGallupfindaboutgenerationaldifferences?A.Youngleadersarelesslikelytopraisetheirworkers.B.Youngworkershavehighexpectationstoberecognized.C.Seniorleaderscarelittleaboutworkplacerecognition.D.Seniorworkersenjoyariseinrecognitionoftheirwork.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，年轻一代的员工更希望得到公司对他们的工作成就的认可。【8题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Insurveysoverthepastcoupleofyears,GallupresearchershavefoundonlyaboutathirdofU.S.workersfeelengagedwiththeirjobs.It’saconcernforcompaniesandtheeconomy.(在过去几年的调查中，盖洛普的研究人员发现，只有大约三分之一的美国员工对自己的工作感到投入。这是公司和经济的担忧。)”可知，大多数美国工人觉得自己对工作不够投入。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段“Imaginehowdemoralizingitwouldbeifyou’redoingthingsatworkthatnobodyseesandyoufeellikenobodycaresabout,(想象一下，如果你在工作中做的事情没有人看到，你觉得没有人关心，那将是多么，)”可猜测，如果自己在工作中做的事情没有人看见，而且感觉其他人都不在意自己的工作成果，这样的感觉是让人很“气馁的”，所以猜测demoralizing表“气馁的，沮丧的”意思。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“ItmotivatesmetoknowthatallthisextrastuffI’mdoinggetsrecognized;it’salsohelpingmeshowthatI,mreadyforthenextstep,(这激励我知道，我所做的所有这些额外的事情都得到了认可；这也帮助我表明，我已经为下一步做好了准备，)”以及上文可知，安迪自学办公软件Excel，并利用自己新学到的技能提出一些新想法，他因此得到老板的赏识，这些赏识让他充满前进的动力。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Youngerworkers,whofeellessattachedtotheirworkplacesthantheirparents,haveahigherexpectationofappreciation.(与父母相比，年轻员工对工作场所的依恋程度较低，他们对欣赏的期望更高。)”可知，年轻一代的员工不如父辈依恋当前的工作岗位，他们更期待得到公司的认可。故选B项。DArevolutioninweatherforecastingcouldsoonseewarningsofcomingheatwaves,stormsorotherextremeeventsaccompaniedbyspecificinformationontheroleclimatechangehasplayedinfuellingthem.Theshiftwouldhelpbringtherealityofourwarmingplanettothegeneralpublic.Keytothisideaisthegrowingfieldofattributionscience(归因科学),whichinvolvesexaminingextremeweathereventsafterthefacttodetailtheimpactofclimatechange.Itinvolvessimulatinganeventtwice,underreal-worldconditionsandinafictionalworldwithnohuman-causedclimatechange.Thedifferencebetweenthosetwosituationsrevealstheextenttowhichrisingemissions(排放)mademattersworse.Now,researcherswanttogofurtherandapplyattributionsciencetoeventsbeforetheyevenhappen.AttheUKweatherservice,theMetOffice,PeterStottandhiscolleaguesaredoingthiswithweatherforecastingmodels,comparingreal-worldforecastswithonesbasedonafictionalworldunaffectedbyhumaninfluence.Thegoalistoprovidethepublicwithweatherandclimateinformationatthesametime.“So,theforecastshowshowtheweatherinformationrelatestoclimatechange,andtheimpactsitwillmeanforthemlocally.”BernatattheInstituteofGeoSciencesinSpainhasexperimentedwithadifferentapproach,usingartificialintelligence-poweredweatherforecasts.Togetherwithcolleagues,herantheAI-enabledapproachonthreepastextremeevents:the2018Iberianheatwave,HurricaneFlorenceintheUSin2018,andStormCiaranintheUKandotherpartsofnorthernEuropein2023.TheAImodelscorrectlypredictedthatallthreeextremeeventswouldoccur,butunderestimatedtheirsize.BematsaystheAIapproachiscurrentlymostaccuratewhenconsideringheatwavesbutmorelimitedforcomplexsystemssuchasatropicalstorm.ButBernatsaysAIweatherforecastsarerapidlyimproving.HesaysthisAI-basedapproachwouldallowattributionanalysistobemuchmorewidelyused,helpingtoexpandpeople’sunderstandingofhowextremeeventsarechanging.12.Whatwillbeaddedtoweatherforecastingaftertherevolution?A.Thedamageextremeweathereventscausetotheenvironment.B.Effectivemeasuresinpreventingextremeweatherevents.C.Theeffectofclimatechangeonextremeweatherevents.D.Specificwaysforthepublictofightagainstclimatechange.13What’sthepurposeoftheworkofPeter’steam?A.Tobuildamodeltoproduceclimateinformation.B.Toconnectlocalweatherwithclimatechange.C.Topredictthedegreeoflocalcarbonemissions.D.ToapplyAItothepredictionofextremeevents.14.WhatisBernat’sattitudetowardAIweatherforecasts?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateInformationIsAddedtoWeatherForecastsB.AITechnologyWillBeUsedinPredictingWeatherEventsC.EmissionsArePredictedtoFuelExtremeWeatherEventsD.WeatherForecastsEnjoyaBreakthroughFuelledbyAI【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍气象预报的一项变革：气象预报计划利用电脑模型及人工智能等手段，在天气预报中披露极端天气现象中气候变化带来的影响力。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Arevolutioninweatherforecastingcouldsoonseewarningsofcomingheatwaves,stormsorotherextremeeventsaccompaniedbyspecificinformationontheroleclimatechangehasplayedinfuellingthem.Theshiftwouldhelpbringtherealityofourwarmingplanettothegeneralpublic.(天气预报的革命可能很快就会看到即将到来的热浪、风暴或其他极端事件的警告，以及气候变化在助长这些事件中所起作用的具体信息。这一转变将有助于将地球变暖的现实带给公众。)”可知，未来的天气预报将会包括有关“气候变化在助长极端天气事件中所起的作用”的具体信息，以帮助大众了解全球变暖引起的气候变化会带来的实际后果。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Thegoalistoprovidethepublicwithweatherandclimateinformationatthesametime.‘So,theforecastshowshowtheweatherinformationrelatestoclimatechange,andtheimpactsitwillmeanforthemlocally.’(目标是同时向公众提供天气和气候信息。‘因此，预报显示了天气信息与气候变化的关系，以及它对当地的影响。’)”可知，彼特和他的同事所做的研究，他们制作了气象预报的模型，想将当地的天气情况与气候变化的信息联结起来。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“BematsaystheAIapproachiscurrentlymostaccuratewhenconsideringheatwavesbutmorelimitedforcomplexsystemssuchasatropicalstorm.(博纳特说，人工智能方法目前在考虑热浪时最为准确，但对于热带风暴等复杂系统则更为有限。)”和文章最后一段“HesaysthisAI-basedapproachwouldallowattributionanalysistobemuchmorewidelyused,helpingtoexpandpeople’sunderstandingofhowextremeeventsarechanging.(他说，这种基于人工智能的方法将使归因分析得到更广泛的应用，有助于扩大人们对极端事件如何变化的理解。)”可知，博纳特很支持在天气预报中使用人工智能。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Arevolutioninweatherforecastingcouldsoonseewarningsofcomingheatwaves,stormsorotherextremeeventsaccompaniedbyspecificinformationontheroleclimatechangehasplayedinfuellingthem.Theshiftwouldhelpbringtherealityofourwarmingplanettothegeneralpublic.(天气预报的革命可能很快就会看到即将到来的热浪、风暴或其他极端事件的警告，以及气候变化在助长这些事件中所起作用的具体信息。这一转变将有助于将地球变暖的现实带给公众。)”以及下文可知，全文介绍人们利用不同的手段，在天气预报中增加关于“气候变化如何影响极端天气”的相关信息，因此A项ClimateInformationIsAddedtoWeatherForecasts(气候信息被添加到天气预报中)符合语境。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MostAmericanseatultraprocessed(深加工的)foodseveryday.Thesearefoodsthatyoucannotmakeathomebecausetheycontainflavorsandchemicalsthatchangethetasteorfeelofthefood.Theyareusuallyhighinsalt,sugarandfat.____16____Beingoverweightisonesuchresultandthatmayleadtodiabetesandheartdisease.Otherpossiblehealthrisksincludedepressionanddementia.Onerecentstudysuggestedthateatingthesefoodsmayraisetheriskofearlydeath.Foodmanufacturersarguethatprocessingincreasesfoodsafetyandfoodsupplies.____17____Butmanystudiessuggestthatdietshighinultraprocessedfoodsaretiedtopoorhealthresults.Forexample,inonestudy,peopleeatingultraprocessedfoodgainedanaverageofabout1kilogramduringthestudyperiod.____18____Dr.Neena,directorofafoodpolicyprogram,saidsuchfoodsareoftenmadetobebothlow-costandverytasty.“Youjustcan,tstopeatingthem,”shesaid.____19____Theycanmakeregulationsandrulestolimitsaltinthesefoodsandcontrolhowadvertiserssellthefoodstochildren.Neenasuggestsbuyersshouldcheckinformationprintedonfoodcontainersandmakechoicesbasedonthecurrentstateguidelines.____20____Meanwhile,fruitsandvegetableswhichareleastprocesseddousgood,thoughtheymaynottastedelicious.A.Italsoprovidesadiverseandnutritiousdieteasily.B.Forexample,foodwithaddedsugarisn’tgreatforus.C.Eatingsuchfoodsmayleaddirectlytopoorhealthresults.D.Asmallstudywascarriedoutatahealthcenterforamonth.E.Leadersshouldmakefulluseoftheirpowertochangepolicies.F.Whole-grainbreadandyogurtarehighlyprocessed,butnutritious.G.Peopleeatingonlyunprocessedfoodsduringthetimelostabout1kilogram.【答案】16.C17.A18.G19.E20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍受人们喜爱的深加工食品对身体的危害，以及人们该如何避开这些食物，保护自己的饮食安全。【16题详解】由下文“Beingoverweightisonesuchresultandthatmayleadtodiabetesandheartdisease.Otherpossiblehealthrisksincludedepressionanddementia.Onerecentstudysuggestedthateatingthesefoodsmayraisetheriskofearlydeath.(超重就是这样一个结果，可能会导致糖尿病和心脏病。其他可能的健康风险包括抑郁症和痴呆症。最近的一项研究表明，吃这些食物可能会增加早逝的风险。)”可知，本段说的是食用深加工食品的危害，而C项Eatingsuchfoodsmayleaddirectlytopoorhealthresults.(吃这些食物可能会直接导致不良的健康结果。)符合语境，对本段有总括作用，其中poorhealthresults与下文例举的疾病对应。故选C项。【17题详解】由上文“Foodmanufacturersarguethatprocessingincreasesfoodsafetyandfoodsupplies.(食品制造商认为，深加工可以提高食品安全和食品供应。)”可知，这里是食品加工商为自己的行为辩解，说深加工食品有助于食品安全，而A项Italsoprovidesadiverseandnutritiousdieteasily.(它还可以轻松提供多样化和营养丰富的饮食。)符合语境，都是食品加工商为自己的行为辩解的理由，其中it代指上文processing，有承上作用。故选A项。【18题详解】由上文“Forexample,inonestudy,peopleeatingultraprocessedfoodgainedanaverageofabout1kilogramduringthestudyperiod.(例如，在一项研究中，食用超加工食品的人在研究期间平均体重增加了约1公斤。)”可知，吃深度加工食品的人会长胖，而G项Peopleeatingonlyunprocessedfoodsduringthetimelostabout1kilogram.(在此期间，只吃未加工食品的人减掉了约1公斤。)符合语境，与上文形成对比。故选G项。【19题详解】由下文“Theycanmakeregulationsandrulestolimitsaltinthesefoodsandcontrolhowadvertiserssellthefoodstochildren.(他们可以制定法规和规则来限制这些食物中的盐，并控制广告商如何向儿童出售这些食物。)”可知，这里具体说明制定政策的人能从哪些方面去限制深加工食品对人们的影响，而E项Leadersshouldmakefulluseoftheirpowertochangepolicies.(领导者应该充分利用自己的权力来改变政策。)符合语境，其中Leaders与下文They对应，有启下作用。故选E项。【20题详解】由上文“Neenasuggestsbuyersshouldcheckinformationprintedonfoodcontainersandmakechoicesbasedonthecurrentstateguidelines.(Neena建议买家应该检查食品容器上打印的信息，并根据当前的州指导方针做出选择。)”可知，这里建议买家应该检查食品容器上打印的信息，而B项Forexample,foodwithaddedsugarisn’tgreatforus.(例如，添加糖的食物对我们来说并不好。)符合语境，就上文怎么用食品内容信息来鉴别食品的好坏进行了举例说明。故选B项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AmongthechaosofHurricaneFrancine,adramaticrescueunfoldedonlivetelevision.OntheeveningofWednesday,September11,MilesCrawford,anoff-dutyemergencynurseinLakeview,Louisiana,____21____whenhelearnedsomeonewas____22____inasinkingpickuptruckinfloodwatersjust200feetfromhishome.Ataround8:45p.m.,Crawfordreceiveda(n)____23____textfromhisbrother,sayingthatanewscrewaccidentallycaughta(n)____24____scene.Avehicledivedintoanearbycanalwiththedriverstuckinit.Withouthesitation,Crawfordrantothe____25____.AsCrawfordapproachedthesinkingtruck,apoliceofficertoldhimaboutthe____26____conditions.Despitethewarning,Crawfordquicklytook____27____intohisownhands.Atthesuddenrealizationofthe____28____ofatooltobreakthewindow,hedashedbacktohishousetograbahammer.Whenhe____29____thechest-highfloodwatersandreachedthevehicle,thewaterhad____30____thedriver’schin,andtimewasrunningout.Crawford____31____themantomovetothebackofthetruck,wherethewaterwas____32____shallower,andbrokethebackwindowwithhishammer.Hepulledthemanout,guidedhimthroughthefloodwaters,andhelpedhimclimboverto____33____.Just10minuteslater,thetruck____34____fullyintothewater.Crawfordsaidhisbackgroundasanemergencynursehelpedhimstay____35____throughouttherescue.“I’musedtohighstressandhighlevelofthingsonadailybasis,’’hetoldnewsreporters.21.A.jumpedattheoffer B.sprangintoaction C.drewaconclusion D.rosetohisfeet22.A.recognized B.filled C.caught D.abandoned23.A.unacceptable B.unbelievable C.unavoidable D.unexpected24.A.heartbreaking B.fun-filled C.painstaking D.eye-catching25.A.stage B.concert C.scene D.theatre26.A.unique B.stable C.secure D.dangerous27.A.claims B.matters C.choices D.contributions28.A.delivery B.control C.need D.loss29A.workedout B.checkedout C.lookedinto D.divedinto30.A.attacked B.washed C.reached D.damaged31.A.appointed B.instructed C.threatened D.promised32.A.slightly B.typically C.dramatically D.previously33.A.comfort B.distance C.square D.safety34.A.bumped B.sank C.collapsed D.exploded35.A.calm B.fair C.smart D.different【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.B28.C29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述士迈尔斯·克劳福德救出掉入水中卡车司机的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：9月11日星期三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救护士迈尔斯·克劳福德(MilesCrawford)在得知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。A.jumpedattheoffer 欣然接受提议；B.sprangintoaction迅速采取行动；C.drewaconclusion得出结论；D.rosetohisfeet站起身来。由下文“Withouthesitation,Crawfordrantothe5.”可知，这里指克劳福德在知道卡车困在水中后“迅速采取行动”。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月11日星期三晚上，路易斯安那州湖景市的一名休班急救护士迈尔斯·克劳福德（MilesCrawford）在得知有人在距离他家仅200英尺的洪水中被一辆正在下沉的皮卡车困住后，立即采取了行动。A.recognized认出；B.filled填充；C.caught抓住；D.abandoned遗弃。由下文“withthedriverstuckinit”可知，这里指有人“困陷于”车里，becaughtin，表“陷于”，符合句意。故选C项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令人心碎的场景。A.unacceptable不可接受的；B.unbelievable难以置信的；C.unavoidable不可避免的；D.unexpected想不到的，意外的。由下文“Avehicledivedintoanearbycanalwiththedriverstuckinit”以及语境可知，这消息是克劳福德“意外”收到的。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚上8点45分左右，克劳福德收到了他兄弟的一条意外短信，称一名新闻工作人员意外捕捉到了一个令人心碎的场景。A.heartbreaking令人心碎的；B.fun-filled充满乐趣的；C.painstaking艰苦的；D.eye-catching引人注目的。由下文“Avehicledivedintoanearbycanalwiththedriverstuckinit”可知，这是一个“令人心碎的”的场景。故选A项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德毫不犹豫地跑到了现场。A.stage阶段；B.concert音乐会；C.scene场景，现场；D.theatre剧院。由下文“Crawfordapproachedthesinkingtruck”可知，这里指克劳福德到达了“现场”。故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当克劳福德走近正在下沉的卡车时，一名警察告诉他危险的情况。A.unique独特的；B.stable稳定的；C.secure安全的；D.dangerous危险的。由下文“Despitethewarning”可知，这里指一名警察告诉他“危险的”情况。故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有警告，克劳福德还是很快把事情掌握在自己手中。A.claims索赔；B.matters事项；C.choices选项；D.contributions贡献。由下文“hedashedbacktohishousetograbahammer”可知，这里指克劳福德把救人“事项”掌握在自己手中。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然意识到需要一个工具来打破车窗，他冲回家里抓起一把锤子。A.delivery递送；B.control递送；C.need需求，需要；D.loss损失。由下文“hedashedbacktohishousetograbahammer”可知，这里指“需要”用一个工具来打破车窗。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的下巴，时间不多了。A.workedout算出；B.checkedout检查；C.lookedinto调查；D.divedinto潜入水中。由下文“thechest-highfloodwaters”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德“潜入水中”准备救人。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他潜入齐胸高的洪水中到达车辆时，水已经到达了司机的下巴，时间不多了。A.attacked攻击；B.washed洗涤；C.reached达到；D.damaged损坏。由下文“thedriver’schin”以及语境可知，这里指河水快“达到”司机的下巴，司机快被淹了。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子砸碎了后窗。A.appointed任命；B.instructed指示；C.threatened威胁；D.promised承诺。由上文“thewaterhad10thedriver’schin”可知，水已经到达了司机的下巴，所以克劳福德“指示”他去卡车后部以免被淹。故选B项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德指示该男子移到卡车后部，那里的水稍浅，并用锤子砸碎了后窗。A.slightly稍微地；B.typically通常；C.dramatically戏剧性地；D.previously先前地。由下文“shallower”以及语境可知，这里指卡车尾部水“稍微”浅一点。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把那个人拉了出来，引导他穿过洪水，并帮助他爬到安全地带。A.comfort舒适；B.distance距离；C.square广场；D.safety安全。由上文“Hepulledthemanout”以及语境可知，这里指克劳福德把那个人拉了出来并带他爬到“安全”地带。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅10分钟后，卡车就完全沉入水中。A.bumped撞到；B.sank沉没；C.collapsed坍塌；D.exploded爆炸。由上文“inasinkingpickuptruck”以及语境可知，这里指10分钟后，卡车就完全“沉没”于水中。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克劳福德说，他作为一名急救护士的背景帮助他在整个救援过程中保持冷静。A.calm冷静的；B.fair公平的；C.smart聪明的；D.different不同的。由下文“I’musedtohighstressandhighlevelofthingsonadailybasis”可知，克劳福德习惯于每天承受高压力和高水平的事情，所以在整个救人过程中很“冷静的”。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。GrowingupinGhana,IwasexposedtosomeappealingChinesefilms.Someofthemsetoffmy____36____(curious)abouttheChineselanguageandculture,inspiteof____37____languagebarrier.MyjourneytotheEastbeganin2017almost____38____(accidental),whenIdecidedtostudyChineselanguageandcultureatuniversity.Youcan’timaginemyexcitementwhenIreceivedmyadmissionnoticefrommy____39____(choose)university.Countlesschallenges____40____(accompany)myjo