2025版新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientists课时作业四ComprehensiveTestforUnit1新人教版选择性必修第二册

课时作业(四)ComprehensiveTestforUnit1Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica—andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic­wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,aUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate:between5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,thebitssmallerthanone­fifthofaninchacross.“Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis，”saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.“Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.”It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?A．Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B．Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C．TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D．Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.2．What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A．Lackingprotection.B．Beingstuckbyplastics.C．Beingcaughtbyhumans.D．Treatingplasticsasfood.3．WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B．Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C．It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D．Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anenvironmentalreport.D．Alifestylemagazine.Ⅱ.阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Onaverage5to20percentofthepopulationintheU．S.getstheflueachyear.Thebestwaytopreventgettingthefluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccination(接种疫苗)eachyear.__1__，unlessyouareallergictoeggsoranyingredientinthevaccine.Soifyou'reconsideringatriptoyourdoctorforaflushot,herearefourthingstoknow：•__2__Afluvaccineisnot100percentsafeandeffective,butit'sclosetoit.Thefluvaccinesareamongthesafestmedicalproductsinuse,andtheriskofaflushotdoingyouanyharmisextremelysmall.Mostpeoplehavenoproblemwithit.Anormalreactionmayincludesoreness(难受),rednessorswellingattheinjectionsite.Youmayhaveasmallfever.Likeanymedicine,theremaybeariskofallergicreaction.•Thenasalspray(鼻用喷剂)isn'tavailableWithapologiestothoseafraidofneedles,thenasalsprayversionofthefluvaccineisnotrecommended.Thenasalsprayoptionfrompreviousyearswon'tbeanoptionforthe2017­2024fluseasons,__3__．•AgoodmoodmaymaketheshotmoreeffectiveAnewstudyfoundthathavingapositivemoodmayincreasetheeffectivenessofthefluvaccinemoresothandiet,sleepandexercise.__4__.Participantswhoreportedbeinginapleasantmoodhadhigherlevelsofantibodiesaftergettingtheshot.•TherearehumanereasonstogettheflushotProtectingoneselfisanaltruistic(利他的)act.__5__.So,isitinyourbestinteresttogetthefluvaccine,regardlessifasuperbugisheadedourway?A．TherisksareminimalB．asithasproventobelesseffectiveC．Flu­relatedillnessescosttheU．S.$90billionayearD．Itisrecommendedthateveryone6monthsandoldergetaflushotE．wehaveacheapandeffectivewayofprotectingourselveswiththefluvaccineF．ResearchersmeasuredtheamountoffluantibodiestheyproducedaftertheshotG．Bygettingvaccinated,younotonlyprotectyourself,butyouprotectthosearoundyouaswellⅢ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thesquirrel,Bella,hadaroughstarttolife.Attheageoffourweeksold,anowl(猫头鹰)had__1__andbadlywoundedher.Bellastoodno__2__ofsurvivingherwoundsinthewild.__3__RubyHarrisontookherhome.RubynotonlygaveBellaahome,buta__4__withthreeotheradoptedsquirrels.Theygrewstrong,butRubydidn'tdomesticate(驯养)anyofthesquirrels.“Theyarepartofthe__5__ratherthanapet，”shesaid.ItwastimetosaygoodbyeinApril2009.Rubysawthem__6__intothetreesandneverexpectedtoseethemoften.Then,initially,theotherthreecamebackfora__7__onceandstoppedcomingby,butBellawas__8__.Sheseemedtohaveastrong__9__withtheHarrisonsthatkepthervisitingalmostdaily.Inthepasttenyearssinceherrelease,it'snotjustRubyherselfwhogetsBella's__10__.“Bellasitsrightatthefrontdoortolookinforsomeone's__11__.”Rubydescribed,“Myhusbandrushesoutofthedoortobe__12__andhappilyrunsbackinsidetothebigbowlofnutsforher.”Moreamazingly,thisspringcamewitha(n)__13__.Bellacameroundagainwithher__14__family,withherthreebabies__15__someonetonotice.1．A.approachedB．attackedC．followedD．advanced2．A.riskB．testC．chanceD．use3．A.SuddenlyB．ClearlyC．StrangelyD．Luckily4．A.familyB．seriesC．hospitalD．location5．A.parkB．wildC．yardD．earth6．A.lookB．breakC．escapeD．disappear7．A.treatB．pityC．praiseD．rest8．A.normalB．traditionalC．differentD．extraordinary9．A.tasteB．connectionC．touchD．smell10．A.sightB．reachC．companyD．observation11．A.attentionB．permissionC．respectD．interest12．A.foundB．greetedC．passedD．lifted13．A.surpriseB．eventC．groupD．story14．A.amusingB．invitedC．interestingD．extended15．A.afraidofB．forcingC．waitingforD．applyingforⅣ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TranslatedfictionsalesintheUnitedKingdom1.________(rise)by5.5percentlastyear,withgrowingdemandforChinesetitles,saidNielsenBookonWednesday.BritishnewspaperTheGuardianfeaturedLiuCixin'sTheThree­BodyProblemandJinYong'sAHeroBorninitsreportonthistrend,2.________(say)thatboth“soldstrongly”in2024.Theresearch,bytheInternationalBookerPrize(formerlyknownastheManBookerInternationalPrize),showsmorethan2.6million3.________(copy)oftranslatedtitles4.________(sell)in2024,atanestimatedvalueof￡20.7million,thehighesteversinceNielsenstartedthestudyin2001.FiammettaRocco,fromtheInternationalBookerPrize,said,“Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting5.________(we)inotherpeople'sshoes.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfictionshows6.________hungrysomanyBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries.”ToAnnaHolmwood,7.________newsisasignalthat“anewerahasarrived”.Holmwood,whotranslatedAHeroBorn,toldChinaDaily,“It'sabigmoment8.________Chinesefictionabroad.”Holmwoodhasworkedasaliteraryagentand9.________(translate)fornineyears,andhasseenfirst­handhowChinesetitlescontinuetogainagreateraudienceworldwide,10.________(particular)intheEnglish­speakingworld.Ⅴ.书面表达假定你是李华，你的美国挚友John发来邮件，提到他对中国取得的科技成就感到无比敬佩，想了解一些中国科学家的事迹。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，向他介绍一位你最喜爱的中国科学家，内容包括：1．简介；2．主要成就。留意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。DearJohn，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua课时作业(四)ComprehensiveTestforUnit1Ⅰ.阅读理解【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。如今塑料垃圾已经严峻污染了我们的环境，尤其是海洋环境，人类应当实行措施变更这一现状。1．答案与解析：D推断推理题。作者在第一段提到假如最初的移民者向北美大陆进发时就携有塑料的话，那么这些塑料垃圾有可能被遗留到今日，这说明塑料垃圾对海洋有着深远长久的影响。2．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终两句话内容可知，许多海洋生物把塑料垃圾当成了食物。3．答案与解析：C推断推理题。依据最终一段TedSiegler提到的内容，虽然我们都知道怎么去应对海洋垃圾问题，但是我们要付出实际行动，例如，我们要建立必要的制度和体系等。4．答案与解析：C文章出处题。本篇文章是关于海洋垃圾和海洋生物爱护的，最有可能出现在环境报告中，故选C。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。流感危害极大，最好的方法就是接种疫苗。本文介绍了关于流感疫苗的一些小学问。1．答案与解析：D依据下文unlessyouareallergictoeggsoranyingredientinthevaccine可知其意为：除非你对鸡蛋或疫苗的成分过敏。其言外之意就是建议人们进行接种防疫。故选D项。2．答案与解析：A依据下文Thefluvaccinesareamongthesafestmedicalproductsinuse,andtheriskofaflushotdoingyouanyharmisextremelysmall可知，流感疫苗是特别平安的，副作用微小。A选项能够概括本段的主要内容。3．答案与解析：B依据前文Thenasalsprayoptionfrompreviousyearswon'tbeanoptionforthe2017­2024fluseasons可知，鼻腔喷剂将在2017­2024年度弃用，这与B选项能够构成因果关系。4．答案与解析：F下文中的higherlevelsofantibodies与F选项中的measuredtheamountoffluantibodies信息呼应。5．答案与解析：G依据前文Protectingoneselfisanaltruisticact可知，接种疫苗也是一种利他行为，这与G选项构成同义转述。Ⅲ.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。松鼠贝拉被鲁比·哈里森带回家后得到了很好的照看。鲁比不仅给了贝拉一个家，还和其他三只被收养的松鼠住在一起。几只松鼠最终被放养之后，贝拉几乎每天都会来探望鲁比和她的家人。1．答案与解析：B考查动词。依据空后的内容“badlywoundedher”可知，前面应当是表示“一只猫头鹰攻击/攻击了她”。结合常识可知此处表示因果关系。approach靠近；attack攻击；follow跟随，听懂；advance前进。2．答案与解析：C考查名词。standnochanceof意为“没有．.....的机会”。这里表示“贝拉在野外受了伤，根本不行能活下来。”3．答案与解析：D考查副词。不过幸运的是，鲁比把她带回了家。结合下文内容的描述可知，是鲁比救了贝拉，那确定是“幸运的事情”。4．答案与解析：A考查名词。句意：鲁比不仅给了贝拉一个居所，而且还给了她一个由另外三只收养的松鼠组成的家庭。series系列；hospital医院；location位置，均不符合语境内容。5．答案与解析：B考查名词。结合上下文的表述可知，这里指的是他们长得很快，不过鲁比并没有驯养它们。她说，“它们是野生动物的一部分，而不是宠物”。结合句意可知wild符合题意。6．答案与解析：D考查动词。依据上一句“Itwastimetosaygoodbye”可知，这里是在描述鲁比把几只松鼠放归大自然的事。disappear意为“消逝”，与上一句话内容相符。7．答案与解析：A考查动词。句意：鲁比看到它们消逝在树林里，从没想过会常常见到他们。然后，一起先，其他三个回来吃了一次食，不再来了，但贝拉是不同的。treat请客；款待；pity缺憾；praise表扬；rest休息。结合句意可知A项正确。8．答案与解析：C考查形容词。结合下文内容可知，几乎贝拉每天都要来到鲁比居处，由此可知，贝拉是与其它三只松鼠有所不同的(different)。9．答案与解析：B考查名词。正是因为贝拉与鲁比之间有着很深厚/剧烈的感情(astrongconnection)，所以贝拉才常常回来探望鲁比。据此可知B项正确。10．答案与解析：C考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，不仅仅是鲁比自己得到了贝拉的陪伴。“贝拉就坐在前门引起他人的留意。”鲁比描述道，“我丈夫从门口冲出来迎接她，然后兴奋地跑回屋里给她拿一大碗坚果。”sight视力；景象；眼界；reach范围；延长；company陪伴；observation视察。结合句意可知C项正确。11．答案与解析：A考查名词。句看法上一题。attention留意(力)；permission许可；respect敬重；interest爱好爱好。结合句意及下文对鲁比丈夫的描述可知A项正确。12．答案与解析：B考查动词。find发觉；greet迎接，欢迎；pass穿过，通过；lift提起，提高。此处表示“丈夫被欢迎/迎接”之意。13．答案与解析：A考查名词。结合下一句“Bellacameroundagainwithher________family.”可知，更加令人感到惊喜的是，贝拉这个春天来的时候带着她的大家庭。14．答案与解析：D考查形容词。extendedfamily意为“大家庭/数代同堂的大家庭”，结合空后的内容“withherthreebabies...”可知答案。15．答案与解析：C考查动词(短语)辨析。afraidof胆怯 ；force逼迫；waitfor等待；applyfor申请。句意：贝拉带着她的大家庭又来了，她的三个孩子正等着有人来留意/关注。结合句意可知C项正确。Ⅳ.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在英国翻译小说销量上升，对中国小说需求增大。1．答案与解析：rose考查时态。依据空后的“lastyear”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填rose。2．答案与解析：saying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作伴随状语，say和句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式saying。3．答案与解析：copies考查名词的数。copy此处意为“一册”，为可数名词，依据空前