上海市崇明区2025届高三上学期一模 英语试卷（含答案）

2024学年第一学期高三第一次模拟考试英语（考试时间105分钟，满分115分。请将答案填涂在答题纸上）I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Report:HarmfulWasteCreationSettoIncreaseTheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)saidinareportthatpublicwastecreationwillgreatlyincreaseby2050.Therisewillcausehundredsofbillionsofdollarsofdamagethroughbiodiversityloss,climatechange,anddeadlypollution,UNEPreports.UNEP’sGlobalWasteManagementOutlook2024saysworldwidewastecreationwouldgreatlyincrease(1)_____governmentstakeurgentpreventativemeasures.Damage(2)_____(cause)bythegrowingwastewouldaccountforabout$443billionofthetotalcost.Thereport,calledBeyondanAgeofWaste:TurningRubbishintoaResource,(3)_____(release)duringtheU.N.EnvironmentAssemblyinKenyaearlythisweek.Thewritersarguethathumanity(4)_____(move)backwardsoverthepasttenyears.Theysayhumansarecreatingmorewaste,morepollution,andmoreclimatechanginggases.Wastepreventionmeasuresandimprovedwastetreatmentcouldreducethosecosts,thereportsaid.Butitnotes,therearemajorbarriers(5)_____suchreforms.Negotiatorsareworkingtowardanagreement(6)_____(deal)withtheespeciallydamaginganddangerouspollutionfromplastics.TheyarebeginningafourthroundoftalksinApril.UNEPExecutiveDirectorIngerAndersensaidsheishopefultheywillcompletetheagreementbytheendofthisyear.Environmentalistsandfossilfuel(化石燃料)producerscontinuetodisagreeaboutthetermsoftheagreement.Theyespeciallydispute(7)_____thedealshouldcenteronreducingplasticsproductionorincreasingrecyclingandreuse.“Thereisaninterest,especiallyamongthecountries(8)_____areproducingrawpolymer(聚合物),butasIkeeptellingthem,thisisnotananti-plasticagreement,”Andersentoldthereporters,(9)_____(note)therewouldstillbeaneedforplasticsinvehiclesandmedicalequipment.Andersensaid(10)_____shehopesisthatnogroupswouldworktoblockprogressontheagreement,butinstead“findawayforwardthatactuallytakesintoaccountthefactthatwearedrowninginplastic.”SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.appealingB.attainableC.basicallyD.dramaticallyE.freedomF.kicksG.minimumH.prioritizesI.submitsJ.underlyingK.withdrawalFIREMovement:FinancialIndependence,RetireEarlyManyAmericansaretakingearlyretirementintotheirownhandsbyjoiningtheFIREmovement,butit’snotforeveryone.“FinancialIndependence,RetireEarly”(FIRE)isalifestylemovementthat11extremesavingandinvestingtobeabletoretireearlierthantraditionalmethodsmightallow.ThegoalofFIREistoachievefinancial12soinvestorscanchoosehowtospendtheirtime.“Theconceptofthemovementis13havingthefinancialflexibilitytohavetheultimatelifeflexibility,”saysRachaelBurns,afinancialplanneratTrueWorthFinancialPlanning,basedinFolsom,California.ANerdWalletsurveyfoundthatofAmericanswhoaren’tretiredyetbutplantoretire,25%wanttoretirebeforeage50and18%wanttoretireintheir50s.Theaverageagewas57,10yearsearlierthanthefullretirementagetogetSocialSecurity.PeoplewhouseFIREtoretireearlydosoby14reducingtheirexpenses,lookingforwaystoincreasetheirincome,andinvestingthemoneytheysaveinamixoftax-advantagedaccountsaswellasregularbrokerage(佣金)accounts.Retiringearlymightsound15,buttherearerisks,andit’snotforeveryone.Forinstance,ifyoustopworking,you’llhavetoberesponsibleforyourownmedicalexpensesuntilMedicare16inaroundage65,andyourinvestmentsmaynotperformaswellasyouthought.Eitheroneofthosesituationscouldhaveconsequencessuchashavingtoraiseyour17rateorneedingtore-entertheworkforce.FIREalsorequirescuttingdownexpensestothebare18soyouhavemoreincometoinvest,whichnoteveryonecanafford.“FIREisalong-termstrategy,andyoucan’tbetooreactivetoshort-termeconomic

events,”Burnsstrategyshouldstaythesame.”Ifyoudon’tearnenoughtocoveryourbasicneedsandsavegreatlyforearlyretirementatthesametime,FIREmaynotbeforyou,Burnssays.Lackinganemergencyfundorowinghigh-interestdebtmaybeotherreasonsthatFIREmaynotbe20.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.AdministratorsoftheMogaoCavesinDunhuang,GansuProvince,aretryingtoharmonizetourists’explorationofthesitewiththeneedtosafeguardthemurals(壁画),throughinnovativemeasures.Sandstorms,rainfallandtouristvisitsconstitutethemostsevere21totheUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,saidWangXiaowei,directoroftheDunhuangGrottoesMonitoringCenterattheDunhuangAcademy.SincetheMogaoCavesopenedtothepublicin1979,thenumberofvisitorshasbeen22atanaverageannualrateofaround20percent,reaching2.15millionin2019.“Ifyouenterthecavesduringthe23tourismmonthsofJuly,AugustandSeptember,you’llfindithardtobreathe,”Wangsaid.Thecarbondioxideandmoisture(潮气)breathedoutbyvisitorsincreaseinsidethecavesandcausedamagetothemurals,Wangsaid.Topreservethecaves,thedurationofvisitsis24andsometimesstoppedduringrainorduststorms.Toensurevisitorsaren’t25whenrestrictionsareinplace,thecenterprovidesadigitalexhibition,hesaid.Currently,thecenterisbeing26toaccommodateanadditional3,000visitorsontopoftheexistingcapacityof6,000.TheDunhuangAcademybegan27recordingandstoringimagesofmuralsandpaintedsculpturesover30yearsago.Thedigitizationprojecthassuccessfully28over200caves,withadedicatedteamof110expertscurrentlyundertakingthework.“Digitaltechnologynotonlyservesculturaltourismbutalso29ahistoricalrecordforfuturegenerations,”saidDingXiaosheng,deputydirectoroftheInstituteofCulturalHeritageDigitizationattheacademy.DigitizationalsobringsthewondersoftheMogaoCavestoa30audience,accordingtoSuBomin,headoftheDunhuangAcademy.“TheMogaoCavesare31,andtransportingthemisimpossible,”Susaid.“However,withdigitization,wecanperfectlycopyDunhuangartexactlyandshowitworldwide,introducingEasternculturetotheworld.”In2016,theDigitalDunhuangwentlive,sharinghigh-definitionimagesand32toursofthemostbeautiful30cavesglobally.Currently,visitorsfrom78countrieshave33themurals,totalingover16.8millionvisits.SusaidDunhuangcan34diverseculturalexchangesthroughitsculturalrelics(遗迹).“Bydigitizingtheserelics,weenablepeopleworldwidetounderstandDunhuang’sculture,therebygainingadeeperappreciationforChina’shistorical35todiverseculturalexchanges—thatis,anideaofinclusivity,mutuallearningandasharedfuture,”hesaid.21.A.shortages B.restrictions C.contributions D.threats22.A.doubling B.growing C.continuing D.varying23.A.cultural B.previous C.peak D.commercial24.A.limited B.extended C.publicized D.concealed25.A.confused B.amazed C.scared D.disappointed26.A.expanded B.constructed C.decorated D.repaired27.A.exclusively B.digitally C.subjectively D.autonomously28.A.clarified B.highlighted C.covered D.strategized29.A.comesacross B.turnsover C.leavesbehind D.letsalone30.A.global B.professional C.technological D.different31.A.complicated B.irreproducible C.controversial D.immovable32.A.virtual B.temporary C.conventional D.steady33.A.imitated B.accessed C.praised D.purchased34.A.reject B.provide C.adjust D.classify35.A.adaptation B.attention C.admission D.commitmentSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）ThePulitzersareAmericanawardsgivenwithintheUnitedStatesforoutstandingachievementinjournalismaswellasbooks,dramaandmusic.Undertheseheadings,thereare22categoriesincludingonlinejournalism,newspaperreporting,fiction,history,music,drama,poetry,photographyandmore.Recipientscanbeanewsorganization,anindividualoragroupofpeople.Eachofthefirst21winnersreceivesa$15,000cashprizeandacertificate.Thetwenty-secondprize,however,isthePublicServicePrize,whichisalwaysgiventoanewsagency.Insteadofcash,thenewsorganizationreceivesthePulitzerGoldMedal.Thenameoftheyear’swinnerisononesideofthecoinandtheyearisontheother.Allwinnersarehonoredandawardedtheirprizesatanannuallunchparty.TheeventtakesplaceatColumbiaUniversity,whichwasoriginallytaskedwithadministeringtheaward,andusuallyoccursinMay.Ifithadn’tbeenforaHungarian-AmericannamedJosephPulitzer,theawardswouldneverhavecomeintoexistence.PulitzerwasbornintoawealthyfamilyinHungaryin1847.HemadehiswaytoAmericaandbuiltacareerinjournalism.Hedevelopedareputationasanambitiousandenergeticyoungjournalist.By1872Pulitzerhadbecomeapublisher,andsixyearslaterheownedanewspapercompany.In1883hepurchasedyetanothernewspaper.Hebecameknownassomeonewhowasnotafraidtotakeapublicstandagainstcorruption(腐败).Afterasuccessfulcareerinjournalism,sevenyearsbeforehisdeath,Pulitzerwroteawill,leaving$2,000,000toColumbiaUniversity.ThemoneywastoestablishaschoolofjournalismatColumbiaandasetofawards.Pulitzer’sdesirewastoraisethestandardsofjournalism.Hehopedtheprizewouldactasastimulusforjournaliststoworkforexcellence—thenandintothefuture.FaithfullyfollowingPulitzer’sinstructions,ColumbiaUniversityawardedtheveryfirstPulitzerPrizesin1917.TodaytheseawardsareconsideredsomeofthemostdistinguishedprizesinAmerica.36.WhatcanbeknownaboutthePulitzers?A.Theirrecipientsallgetcashprizes. B.Thereare21winnerseachyear.C.Theyareawardedworldwide. D.Theygobeyondjournalism.37.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatJosephPulitzer_____.A.washumorousandcourageous B.wasraisedupinajournalist’sfamilyC.hadastrongsenseofjustice D.soughtagoalofproducingwealth38.Pulitzerestablishedtheprizesmainlyto_____.A.facilitatebetterjournalism B.diversifywaysofaccesstojournalismC.supportColumbiaUniversity D.stimulatepeopletobecomejournalists39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.PulitzerPrizes:JosephPulitzer’sLifetimeAmbitionB.PulitzerPrizes:SomeofAmerica’sGreatestHonorsC.PulitzerPrizes:AwardsforDistinguishedJournalistsD.PulitzerPrizes:AnnualEventsatColumbiaUniversity（B）Winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidents,hypothermia(体温过低),frostbite,andcarbonmonoxide(CO)poisoning.Winterstormscanbringextremecold,freezingrain,snow,iceandhighwinds.IFYOUAREUNDERAWINTERSTORMWARNING,FINDSHELTERRIGHTAWAYWinterStormWarningIssuedwhenhazardouswinterweatherintheformofheavysnoworheavyfreezingrainisupcomingoroccurring.WinterStormWarningsareusuallyissued12to24hoursbeforetheeventisexpectedtobegin.WinterWeatherAdvisoryIssuedforaccumulations(积聚)ofsnowandfreezingrainwhichwillcausesignificantinconveniencesand,ifmeasuresarenottaken,couldleadtolife-threateningsituations.PreparingforWinterWeatherPrepareyourhometokeepoutthecold.Learnhowtokeeppipesfromfreezing.Installandtestsmokealarmsandcarbonmonoxidedetectorswithbatterybackups.Gathersuppliesincaseyouneedtostayhomeforseveraldayswithoutpower.Keepinmindeachperson’sspecificneeds,includingmedication.Remembertheneedsofyourpets.Haveextrabatteriesforradiosandflashlights.

InCaseofEmergencyBepreparedforwinterweatherathome,atworkandinyourcar.Createanemergencysupplykitforyourcar.Includesand,aflashlight,warmclothes,blankets,bottledwaterandsnacks.Keepafulltankofgas.Avoidcarbonmonoxidepoisoning.Onlyusegeneratorsandgrills(烤架)outdoorsandawayfromwindows.Neverheatyourhomewithgasappliances.Stayoffroadsifatallpossible.Iftrappedinyourcar,thenstayinside.Limityourtimeoutside.Ifyouneedtogooutside,thenwearlayersofwarmclothing.Watchforsignsoffrostbiteandhypothermia.40.Whichofthefollowingpictureswhenclickedwillmostprobablyleadyoutotheabovewebpage?A.B.C.D.41.Togetreadyforwinterweather,youshould_____.A.sendyourpetstoanimalshelters B.warmyourhomewithgasappliancesC.removepipestopreventthemfreezing D.getnecessitiesincaseoflifewithoutpower42._____isagoodwaytostaysafeduringwinterweather.A.Tryingtostayinside B.DrivingacarwhengoingoutC.Wearingwater-proofclothes D.Usinggeneratorstokeepwarm（C）ArecentgroundbreakingstudybythePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearch(PIK)forecastsmassivefinancialdamagesduetoclimatechange,projectingannualdamagesofabout$38trillion($38millionmillion)bytheyear2050.Thisfigurehighlightsthesevereeconomicchallengesthatlieaheadonaglobalscale,withthegreatestimpactsexpectedtoburdenthecountriesleastresponsibleforgreenhouseemissions(排放).Theeconomicdamage,estimatedbetween$19trillionto$59trillionbymid-century,primarilystemsfromincreasedtemperaturesandtheirsubsequentimpactonagriculture,laborproductivity,andinfrastructure(基础设施).Thestudyalsonotespotentialincreasesincostsduetomorefrequentandsevereweatherevents,whichareexpectedtobecomemorecommonasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thefindingsrevealadisconcertingdisparity:nationswithinthetropical(热带的)regions,whichhavecontributedleasttohistoricalcarbonemissions,arepredictedtosufferincomelosses60%greaterthanthoseinhigher-income,higher-emissioncountries.Thishighlightsasignificantclimatejusticeissue,astheseleast-developednationspossessfewerresourcestoadapttoincreasingclimateimpacts.AndersLevermann,headofcomplexityscienceatPIKandco-authorofthestudy,emphasizedtheinequityandurgencyofthesituation.“Countriesinthetropicswillsufferthemostbecausetheyarealreadywarmer.Furthertemperatureincreaseswillthereforebemostharmfulthere,”heexplained.Levermannarguesforarapidstructuralshifttowardsrenewableenergytoeasetheseimpactsandstabilizeglobaltemperatures.Whenplacedalongsideothermajorclimateimpactforecasts,thePIKstudystandsoutforitscomprehensivedataanalysisandharshprojections.Previousstudieshavesimilarlyhighlightedtheeconomicdamagesofclimatechangebutlackedtheextensiveregionalandspecificinsightsthisstudyprovides.Thestudystronglyadvocatesforgreatandimmediatereductionsingreenhousegasemissionstoavoidtheworstoftheseeconomicdamages.Itsuggeststhatslowingclimatechangeisnotonlyamoralandenvironmentalmustbutalsoeconomicallyadvantageous,asthecostofinactionisfargreaterthantheexpensesassociatedwithreducingglobalwarmingtomanageablelevels.Thesocioeconomicconsequencesofsuchextensiveeconomiclossescouldleadtoheightenedglobalinequalityandpotentially,socialunrest.Thisprojectionstressestheimportanceofinternationalcooperationinclimateactionplansandthedevelopmentoffairpoliciesthatrecognizeandmakeupfortheinequitiesfacedbythelessdevelopednationsmostaffectedbyclimatechange.43.Climatechangewillcausemassiveeconomicdamageworldwideby2050mainlybecause_____.A.theaverageworldtemperaturewillincreasemuchfasterthanexpectedB.risingtemperatureswilldamagefarming,infrastructureandproductivityC.bigcountrieswillexperienceeconomiccrisesduetomoresevereweathereventsD.tropicalregionsareunpreparedtoadapttothedamagescausedbyclimatechange44.By“adisconcertingdisparity”inparagraph4,theauthormeans_____.A.poorcountriesleastresponsibleforemissionwillsuffermostineconomyB.itisprojectedthatpeopleintropicalcountrieswillearn60%lessby2050C.higher-incomecountriesarereluctanttoinvestinslowingglobalwarmingD.higher-emissioncountriesaretryingtojustifytheirroleinclimateimpacts45.ThePIKstudyarousesthepublicattentiondueto_____.A.itsrigidclimateimpactforecasts B.itsoverallstatisticsandtheseverityofitsfindingsC.itsdifferentapproachtoanalyzingdata D.itssimilarregionalinsightsoneconomicdamages46.WhatdoesthePIKstudyimply?A.Fairpoliciesshouldbeestablishedtoavoidfurtherrisingoftemperatures.B.Reducinggasemissionswillbenefittheenvironmentbutharmtheeconomy.C.Inequalityshouldbereducedthroughcooperationinfightingclimatechange.D.Wealthycountriesshouldbearthewholecostofcopingwithglobalwarming.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.One7-minuteblockhadpeoplesittinginsilence.Inthiscase,thebrainmightbetuningintothemusic.Theauthorssuggesteditwasevidenceofmusicbeingmorethanadistractionfromanunpleasantexperience.Andthemosteffectivepainrelieverswerefoundtobesadsongsdetailingbittersweetandemotionalexperiences.Nevertheless,whileourbodiesstillfeelthepain,themessagestomakeourconsciousmindperceivethepainmaynotberelayed.Peoplewholistenedtobittersweetsongsalsoreportedmorethrills(震颤感)andshivers(哆嗦)ontheskinfromlisteningtopleasurablemusic.CertainTypesofMusicCouldHelpYouFeelLessPain,NewStudySaysThereisnodoubtthatmusiccancalmthesoulforsome,anditturnsoutthatitcouldalsobeatemporaryrelieverforphysicalpain.Listeningtofavoritesongscouldreducepeople’sperceptionofpain,accordingtoanewstudy.47Thesmallstudyinvited63youngadultstobringtwooftheirfavoritesongs,andtheonlyrequirementwasthattheyneededtobeatleast3minutesand20secondslong.Oneselectionrepresentedtheirfavoritemusicofalltime.Theotherwasthesongtheywouldbringwiththemonadesertisland.Theresearchersalsohadtheyoungadultspickoneofsevensongsthattheteamconsideredrelaxingandwereunfamiliartothestudyparticipants.Eachpersonunderwent7-minuteblockswheretheywereinstructedtostareatamonitorscreenwhilelisteningtotheirfavoritemusic,oneofthesevenrelaxinginstrumentalsongs(eachofwhichlastedfor6minutesand40seconds),orascrambled(杂乱的)versionofbothsongsandtherelaxingsongchosen.48Allthewhile,theresearchersstuckahotobject—similartothepainofaboilinghotteacuponyourskin—totheparticipants’leftinnerforearms.Whenratingtheirexperiences,peopleweremorelikelytoreportfeelinglesspainwhenlisteningtotheirfavoritesongscomparedwithhearingtheunfamiliarrelaxingsongorsilence.Thescrambledsongsdidnotreducepaineither.49Afterinterviewingtheparticipantsaboutthesongtheybroughtandtheirratingofpain,theresearchersfoundpeoplewholistenedtobittersweetandmovingsongsfeltlesspainthanwhentheylistenedtosongswithcalmingorcheerfulthemes.50Thiswasassociatedwithlowerratingsofunpleasantnessproducedbytheburningpaintheyfeltintheexperiment.III.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

51.BodyDysmorphicDisorder(BDD)Mosthumanshavesomephysicalcharacteristicsthattheywishtheycouldchange,suchasafacialfeatureorextrafat.Manypeoplecancomfortablylivewiththesecharacteristics,butforsome,theirnegativebodyimagesignificantlyaffectstheirdailylives.Thelattergrouparesaidtohavebodydysmorphicdisorder(BDD).Theyfindsomecommonaspects,includingthefaceorstomach,impossibletoaccept.PeoplewithBDDoftentrytoalterthesefeaturesbyexercising,changingtheirhairstyle,usingskincareproductsorevengettingplasticsurgery.Ortheymaytrytohidethefeaturesunderclothingormakeup.Theymaylookatmirrorsconstantlyoravoidthemaltogether.Theymayaskothersforreassurance(安慰)thattheylookOKbutnotbelievethatreassurancewhenitcomes.PeoplewithBDDsometimespickattheirskinorconstantlycomb(梳)theirhair;atitsworst,BDDcanleadpeopletoconsiderorattemptsuicide.BDDisoftennotdiagnoseduntil10to15yearsafteritdevelops,largelybecauseittakestimeforpeopletorealizetheirfeelingsarenotnormal.ButearlydetectionmakesasignificantdifferenceinqualityoflifeasitallowspeopletotakemeasurestopreventBDDfromgettingworse.TheprimarytreatmentforBDDistherapy,whichofteninvolvesteachingthepatienttochallengenegativethoughtsastheycome.Somedoctorsmayalsoprescribeantidepressants(开抗抑郁药).PlasticsurgeryisnoteffectiveatmakingpeoplewithBDDfeelbetter.Infact,thechangesinappearancebroughtaboutbysurgeryoftencompoundtheproblem.IfsomeoneyouknowhasBDD,assuringthemthattheylookgoodwillprobablynothelp.Instead,listenpatientlyandencouragethemtoseektreatment.AndifyouthinkyouhaveBDD,consultadoctororatrustedfriend.Theearliertheproblemisaddressed,thebetter.IV.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.这位老人虽无儿无女，但侄女一直在精心照料着他的起居。(care)53.无论在人生的哪个阶段，能为所追求的目标努力奋斗就是件幸福的事情。(stage)54.对于失业者来说，重要的是保持积极的心态，不断学习，提升自己在就业市场上的竞争力。(matter)55.他们知道这个机会来之不易，因此，他们通力合作，创新思路，决心把家乡建设成以智慧农业为核心的示范村。(resolve)V