2025届新高三英语开学摸底考试卷（北京卷）解析版

绝密★启用前

2025届新高三开学摸底考试卷01（北京卷）解析版

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AsaveryimportantpartofMexico?secosystem,hummingbirdsnowfaceallsortsofseriousthreats.Thafs

where73-year-oldCatherinecomesin,who]mostofherfreetimecaringforthetinybirds.

Catherine'sstoryasaself-taughthummingbirdnursebeganin2011.Shewaswalkingonthestreetoneday

whenshenoticeda（n）2hummingbirdthathadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury.3,itwastakenhome

bythekind-heartedwoman,butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.However,afriend4herto

lookafterit.

“ThathummingbirdwrotemeanewCatherinesaid.Itwasaverydifficult5inherlife.She

hadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthattime.Itwasthehummingbirdthat

managedtopullheroutofthesadnessandlonelinessthathad6herlife.

Anditwasonlythebeginning.

Wordofhersuccess7amongCatherine'sfriends,andbeforelongsomeofthembeganbringing

herinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds.Sheneededtostudythebirdsandtheir8tobettertakecareof

them,andafter11yearsofexperience,the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirdswhileher

homehasbecomeknownasahummingbird9.

Untilnow,Catherinehasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.After10thebirdsbacktohealth,

shereleasestheminawoodedareaonthesouthsideofMexicoCity.

1.A.gainsB.spendsC.missesD.wastes

2.A.uglyB.scaryC.dangerousD.desperate

3.A.SurprisinglyB.FortunatelyC.AccidentallyD.Secretly

4.A.allowedB.commandedC.encouragedD.reminded

5.A.taskB.decisionC.momentD.goal

6.A.takenoverB.reliedonC.turneddownD.gonethrough

7.A.existedB.spreadC.occurredD.changed

8.A.valuesB.legendsC.numbersD.habits

9.A.shopB.parkC.hospitalD.museum

10.A.nursingB.guidingC.movingD.feeding

【答案】

l.B2.D3.B4.C5,C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。73岁的Catherine从2011年开始自学照顾蜂鸟。一次她救了一只受伤的蜂鸟，

这不仅帮助她走出丧夫和抗癌的悲痛，还激发了她照顾更多蜂鸟的热情。迄今为止，她已救助了数百只蜂

鸟，并将康复的蜂鸟放生到墨西哥城南部的森林区。

1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时，73岁的Catherine出现了，她把大部分空闲时间都用来照顾这些小

鸟。A.gains获得；B.spends花费；C.misses错过；D.wastes浪费。根据后文“after11yearsofexperience,

the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpertonhummingbirds”可知她花费自己很多的闲暇时间照顾蜂

鸟，且spendtimedoing是固定搭配。故选B项。

2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，她走在街上，发现一只绝望的蜂鸟眼睛受了重伤。A.ugly丑陋的；

B.scary吓人的；C.dangerous危险的；D.desperate绝望的。根据后文“hadsufferedaseriouseyeinjury”

可知这里表示蜂鸟因受伤而感到绝望。故选D项。

3.考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这只蜂鸟被一位好心的妇女带回了家，但她对照顾鸟类一无所

知。A.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；B.Fortunately幸运地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Secretly秘密地。根

据后文“itwastakenhomebythekind-heartedwoman”可知被热心的女人带回家是幸运的。故选B项。

4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而一个朋友鼓励她来照顾它。A.allowed允许；B.commanded命令；C.

encouraged鼓励；D.reminded提醒。根据前文“butsheknewnothingabouttakingcareofabird.”以及转

折词however可知，朋友鼓励她来照顾蜂鸟。故选C项。

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是她生命中非常艰难的时刻。A.task任务；B.decision决定；C.moment

时刻；D.goal目标。根据后文“Shehadjustlostherhusbandandsheherselfwasbattlingwithcanceratthat

time.”可知失去丈夫并且和癌症作斗争是很艰难的时刻。故选C项。

6.考查动词短语辨析。句意：是蜂鸟把她从悲伤和孤独的生活中拉了出来。A.takenover接管；B.relied

on依赖;C.turneddown拒绝;D.gonethrough经历。根据前文"Itwasthehummingbirdthatmanagedto

pullheroutofthesadnessandloneliness”可知蜂鸟把她从悲伤和孤独的生活中拉了出来，改变了她的生活,

进而引申为新生活接管了原来艰难的生活。故选A项。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的成功在Catherine的朋友中传开了，不久，一些朋友开始把受伤和被遗

弃的蜂鸟带给她。A.existed存在；B.spread传播；C.occurred发生；D.changed改变。根据后文“someof

thembeganbringingherinjuredandabandonedhummingbirds”可知一些朋友知道了她照顾蜂鸟的消息，

可推知是这个消息在朋友中传开了。故选B项。

8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她需要研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，以便更好地照顾它们。A.values价值；B.

legends传说；C.numbers数量；D.habits习惯。根据后文“the73-year-oldwomanisconsideredanexpert

onhummingbirds”可知她成为了研究蜂鸟的专家，说明她对蜂鸟的习性很了解。故选D项。

9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过11年的经验积累，这位73岁的老人被认为是蜂鸟专家，而她的家也

成了著名的蜂鸟医院0A.shop商店;B.park公园；C.hospital医院;D.museum博物馆。根据后文“Catherine

hasrescuedhundredsofhummingbirds.”可知她在家里救治蜂鸟，而救治是医院的功能。故选C项。

10.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在将这些蜂鸟护理得恢复健康后，她将它们放飞到墨西哥城南边的一片树

林中。A.nursing护理；B.guiding弓I导；C.moving移动；D.feeding喂养。根据前文“However,afriendher

tolookafterit”可知她照顾受伤的蜂鸟，护理至健康后放飞到树林中。故选A项。

第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词

的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Around90%ofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors,andself^drivingcarswithAIaimtosolvethe

problem.11theycandoisnokeepvehiclehardwarehealthybydrivingstrategicallyandsafely.Inthis

way,trafficviolationsandfinescanbeavoided,12canhelpsavecosts.Driversalsobenefitfromthe

13(integrate)ofAItechnologyduringlongtripsastheycanrestwhilethecar'ssystemtakescareofdriving.

【答案】11.What12.which13.integration

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大约90%的交通事故是由人为失误造成的，而带有人工智能的自

动驾驶汽车旨在解决这一问题，让司机可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。

11.考查主语从句。句意：他们所能做的不是通过战略驾驶和安全驾驶来保持车辆硬件的健康。该空引导

主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what,首字母大写。故填What。

12.考查定语从句。句意：这样，可以避免交通违规和罚款，这可以帮助节省成本。此处为非限制性定语

从句，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。

13.考查名词。句意：在长途旅行中，司机也受益于人工智能技术的整合，因为他们可以在汽车系统负责

驾驶的同时休息。作介词from的宾语，应用名词integration,不可数。故填integration。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

IncitieslikeSuzhouandHangzhou,14beautifullandscapesmeetrichculturalheritage,the

trendofwearinghanfuforphotosandsocialmediacheck-insisontherise.NewChinesestyleisbecominga

populareverydaychoice15(accept)byyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyadoptingthisstyleacross

variousaspectsoftheirlives.The16(combine)oftraditionalChineseelementswithmodemdesignis

oftenreferredto17xinzhongshi.orthe“newChinesestyle”,whichhasbeengainingpopularitybothin

productsandactivities.

【答案】14.where15.accepted16.combination17.as

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新中式在中国的流行。

14.考查定语从句。句意：在风景秀丽、文化底蕴深厚的苏州和杭州等城市，穿着汉服拍照和社交媒体打

卡的趋势正在上升。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为dties,表示地点，且空处在从句中作地点状

语，所以应用where引导。故填where。

15.考查非谓语动词。句意：新中式风格正成为年轻人接受的一种流行的日常选择，他们越来越多地在生

活的各个方面采用这种风格。本句的谓语部分是isbecoming,所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a

populareverydaychoice和accept之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填accepted。

16.考查名词。句意：中国传统元素与现代设计的结合通常被称为“新中式”(newChinesestyle),在产品

和活动中都越来越受欢迎。空前有The,所以空处应用名词，在句中作主语。combination意为“结合”，

为不可数名词。故填combination。

17.考查介词。句意参考上题。referto.・.as…意为"将……称为……%为固定搭配，此处为被动表达。故

填aso

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoollife.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthattheir

IQis18determineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthan

them,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshavea19(high)IQandthatthereisnothingtheycandoto

changetheirsituation.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnot20(simple)theresult

ofahighIQ.

【答案】18.what19.higher20.simply

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讨论IQ测试在学生生活中的常见现象，引出关于EQ(情商)的

新研究，并指出成功不仅仅取决于智商。

18.考查表语从句。句意：即使他们从未看到自己的结果，他们也觉得自己的智商决定了他们在生活中会

做得多好。本空引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指物，用what引导。故填what。

19.考查形容词比较级。句意：当他们看到其他学生比他们做得更好时，他们通常认为那些学生有更高的

智商，而他们对此无能为力。根据句中“Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem”可知,设空

处应填high的比较级higher“更高的”，作前置定语，修饰IQ。故填higher。

20.考查副词。句意：然而，对情商的新研究表明，成功不仅仅是高智商的结果。本空应填simple的副词

形式simply表示“仅仅，只不过”，作状语。故填simply。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

UnitedNationsInternationalChildren'sEmergencyFund（UNICEF）worksintheworld'stoughestplaces

toreachthemostdisadvantagedchildrenandteenagers.Acrossmorethan190countries,wedowhateverittakes

tohelpchildrensurviveandgrow.

StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship（实习）Programmeandbecomeachampionforeverychild!Whatwe

offer

OurInternshipProgrammeoffersstudentsandrecentgraduatestheopportunitytogaindirectwork

experience.

•Time:Internshipscanbefull-timeorpart-time,lastingbetweensixmonthstooneyear.

•Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyourinternshipstarts.

•Feeswecover:One-wayticketandvisacosts.

Requirements

Yourprofilecouldbeagoodfitifitmeetsthefollowingrequirements:

•Beingacollegestudentnow,orhavinggraduatedfromcollegewithinthepasttwoyears.

•BeingfluentinoneofUNICEF'sworkinglanguages:English,FrenchorChinese.

•Strongcommunicationskills.

•Abilitytoworkcollaborativelyinamulticulturalenvironment.

•Outstandingacademicperformance.

•Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunderpressure.

•Previousvolunteerorworkexperienceinarelatedfieldisanadvantagebutnotrequired.

•Noimmediaterelatives（eg.parents,sister,brother）workingwithUNICEF.

Howtoapply

Youcanfindopportunitiesonourcareerpage.Onceyoufindapositionofinterest,clickonthebutton

“ApplyNow“andproceedonthewebsite.

21.WhatcanUNICEFprovideifoneisselected?

A.Areturnticket.B.Visadocuments.

C.Alanguagecourse.D.Monthlypaidsalary.

22.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto.

A.haverelatedworkexperienceB.ownmulticulturalbackgrounds

C.speakEnglishandFrenchfluentlyD.adjusttonewenvironmentsflexibly

23.Inwhichsectionofawebsitemightyoufindthispassage?

A.Job-hunting.B.Problem-solving.

C.Skill-building.D.Decision-making.

【答案】21.D22.D23.A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了联合国儿童基金会的一份实习工作，包括工作待遇、申请要求和

申请方式。

21.细节理解题。根据Whatweoffer中第二点“Salary:YouwillgetpaidmonthlybyUNICEFonceyour

internshipstarts.（薪水：实习开始后，联合国儿童基金会将按月发放工资）”可知，如果申请人被选中，联

合国儿童基金会可以提供月薪。故选D项。

22.细节理解题。根据Requirements中第六点“Flexibilitytoadapttonewenvironmentsandworkunder

pressure.（能灵活适应新环境和在压力下工作）”可知，申请人需要灵活适应新的环境。故选D项。

23.推理判断题。根据第二段“StartyourcareerwithUNICEFInternship（实习）Programmeandbecomea

championforeverychild!（从联合国儿童基金会实习计划开始你的职业生涯，成为每个孩子的冠军）”可知，

文章主要是介绍联合国儿童基金会的一份实习工作，与职业发展相关。因此，文章应该出自网站的求职部

分。故选A项。

B

BythetimeAlexSanbumwas13,hewaswellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalready

hadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuried

exhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.Thafswhenhehit

abarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas

18.

Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.""Therewasagapintheartworld,andIthoughtifdbereally

coolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,,9saysAlex,now15.

Withthesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercial

studioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallerychargesasmallhangingfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15

percentcommissionfeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGhelpspromoteyoungtalentbyshowcasingtheirwork.

Notlongaftertheopening,HenryCameron,aprofessorandartist,happeneduponthegallerywhile

walkinginhisneighbourhood.Anexhibitionwasbeinginstalledatthetime,andsomeofAlex'sownworkwason

thewalls.Aconnectionwasformed,andAlexaskedHenrytohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirst

juriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.

GivenhowbusyAlexiswithschool,lifeandhisownart,LittleEGGismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,

buthe'sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.

LeoSmith,a17-year-oldartistfromTorontosaysifsabouttimethatavenuelikeLittleEGGexisted.C4As

youngartists,wedon'tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwe'redue,andwealsodon'tgetmanyopportunitiesto

showcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.^^

24.WhathappenedwhenAlexwas13?

A.Hewasrejectedbyajuriedexhibition.B.Hemissedthedeadlineforsubmission.

C.Hehadhisfirstshowatalocalartclub.D.Hebecameaworkingartistsuccessfully.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutLittleEGG?

A.Itisfreeofcharge.B.Itisopenonweekdays.

C.Itisaimedatyoungtalents.D.Itholdscompetitionsregularly.

26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAlex?

A.Ambitiousandcreative.B.Loyalanddetermined.

C.Modestandsympathetic.D.Honestandhard-working.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

A.Artconnectspeopleworldwide.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

C.Failurescandrivepositivechange.D.Chancefavoursthepreparedmind.

【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是13岁的小艺术家Alex申请参加在一个评审展览时因年龄小被

拒绝，于是他创办了一个专门为未成年艺术家提供展示机会的画廊LittleEGGo

24.细节理解题。根据首段中的"Yethewantedmore-specificallytostartshowinghisworkinajuried

exhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess.That'swhen

hehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumagefor

submissionwas18.（然而，他更具体地希望开始在一个评审展览中展示他的作品，在那里，艺术专家将在

一个竞争性的评审过程中评估和选择作品。就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多页申请的最后一行，他发

现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。产可知，在他想在一个评审展览中展示他的作品时，他发现提交申请的

最低年龄是18岁；由此可知，在13岁时他遭到了一次评审展览的拒绝。故选A项。

25.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,Alexrentedastorefrontandfounded

LittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.（在父母的支持下,Alex租了一个店面，

成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。）”可知，LittleEGG画廊是一

个专门为未成年艺术家开始的商业工作室，由此可知，LittleEGG画廊的目标是年轻的人才。故选C项。

26.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.66Therewasagapintheart

world,andIthoughtit'dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists/9saysAlex,

now15.（这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：，艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给更多的

年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。），可知，13岁的Alex再被拒绝后，他认为能给更多的年轻艺术家提

供机会是件很酷的事情，结合第三段中的“Withthesupportofhisparents,Alexrentedastorefrontand

foundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.（在父母的支持下，Alex租了一

个店面，成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。）”可知，他成立了一

个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合以上信息可知，Alex是一个有抱负和富有创新精神的人。

故选A项。

27.推理判断题。根据首段中的“That飞whenhehitabarrier,discoveringintheverylastlineofa

multiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.（就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多

页申请的最后一行，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。产可知，Alex想在一个评审展览中展示他的作

品时，他遭到了拒绝；根据第三段中的"Thatrejectionbecameadriverforcreation.66Therewasagapinthe

artworld,andIthoughtifdbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunitytomoreyoungartists,"says

Alex,now15.（这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：，艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给

更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。，）”可知，这次拒绝成为了他创造的动力；根据第三段中的“With

thesupportofhisparents,AlexrentedastorefrontandfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudio

onlyforunderageartists.（在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了LittleEGG画廊，这是一个专门

为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。）”可知，他成立了一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合

以上信息可知，Alex在失败后而成立了专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室，所以，从该故事中可以学

到的是失败可以带来积极的改变。故选C项。

C

Kimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especiallyasanadult.Shesawspending

dozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillasoutofreach.Thiswasundoubtedly

nowKimfeltaboutherdecades9longambitiontolearnSpanish.Thatallchanged,however,whenapopular

language-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:completeonelesson-justsixorsevenminutes

long-everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual（双语的）.Thisaddsuptoabout40hoursofstudyeach

year,butitispresentedasabite-sizedailygoal.Actually,thiscanbeappliedtoalmostanyambitioustarget.But

howeffectiveisit?

Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthatprovidesfreecrisisconsultation.All

CTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultationwithinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreaking

downthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincreaseactualworkinghours.

Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsforthreemonths.Onegroupwas

encouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Twoothergroups,however,weregivenclear

subgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhourseveryweekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthours

everytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeachgroupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.

Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoalvolunteered7to8percentmorethantheir

peerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealsofoundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible

“eighthourseverytwoweeks“framingledtomorelastingbenefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclined

eachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,thisdeclinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks”

condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoalsflexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.

Ifso,afteroneyear,becomingbilingualisatlastwithinreachforKim.

28.TheauthormentionsKiminthefirstparagraphmainlyto.

A.makeapredictionB.introduceatopic

C.presentanassumptionD.evaluateanargument

29.WhydidtheauthorandhisteamcooperatewithCLT?

A.Tocalculatetheprofitsoftheorganization.

B.Toincreasetheactualhoursofvoluntarywork.

C.Toevaluatetheeffectivenessofagoal-settingstrategy.

D.Toimprovetheworkingskillsofvolunteersinconsultation.

30.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Analysisofthestudy.B.Processofthestudy.

C.Findingsofthestudy.D.Significanceofthestudy.

31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Makingafixedgoalhelpslongerperseverance.

B.Settingabiggergoaldrivespeopletoachievemore.

C.Stickingtoanambitiousgoalcontributestosuccess.

D.Breakingdownabiggergoalleadstobetterresults.

【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一个流行的语言学习应用程序通过把学习目标分解成小目标，

来完成最后的学习任务。研究表明，将适度的目标变得灵活可能会鼓励长期的毅力。

28.推理判断题。根据第一段"Kimfoundtheprospectoflearninganewlanguagediscouraging,especially

asanadultShesawspendingdozensorhoursayearonlessonswithonlyslowprogressonanewskillas

outofreach.ThiswasundoubtedlynowKimfeltaboutherdecades9longambitiontolearnSpanish.That

allchanged,however,whenapopularlanguage-learningapppresentedamoreattractiveapproach:

completeonelesson-justsixorsevenminuteslong-everydayinordertoeventuallybecomebilingual（双

语的）.（Kim发现学习一门新语言的前景令人沮丧，尤其是作为一个成年人。她认为，一年花几十个或几

个小时上一门新技能的课，而在这门新技能上只有缓慢的进步是遥不可及的。这无疑是金现在对她几十年

来学习西班牙语的夙愿的感受。然而，这一切都改变了，当一个流行的语言学习应用程序提出了一个更有

吸引力的方法：为了最终成为双语，每天完成一节课——只要六到七分钟）”可知，作者在第一段提到Kim

主要是为了引入话题。故选B。

29.细节理解题。根据第二段“Forourstudy,wepartneredwithCTL,anonprofitorganizationthat

providesfreecrisisconsultation.AllCTLvolunteersareaskedtocomplete200hoursofcrisisconsultation

withinayear.Wewerecuriousifbreakingdownthisgoalcouldmakeitmoreapproachableandincrease

actualworkinghours.（在我们的研究中，我们与CTL合作，这是一个提供免费危机咨询的非营利组织。所

有CTL志愿者都被要求在一年内完成200小时的危机咨询。我们很好奇，打破这个目标是否能让它更容

易实现，并增加实际工作时间）”可知，作者和他的团队与CLT合作是为了评估目标设定策略的有效性。

故选C。

30.主旨大意题。根据第三段“Werandomlyassignedmorethan9,000CTLvolunteerstoreceivee-mailsfor

threemonths.Onegroupwasencouragedtohitthe200-hourmarkwithnoactualgoalbreakdown.Two

othergroups,however,weregivenclearsubgoals:weencouragedonetovolunteerforfourhoursevery

weekandtheothertovolunteerforeighthourseverytwoweeks.Thenwetrackedhowmuchtimeeach

groupspentvolunteeringduringourstudy.（我们随机分配了9000多名CTL志愿者，在三个月内接收电子

邮件。其中一组被鼓励在没有实际目标分解的情况下达到200小时的目标。然而，另外两组被赋予了明确

的子目标：我们鼓励一组每周做4小时的志愿者，另一组每两周做8小时的志愿者。然后我们追踪了每一

组在研究期间做志愿者的时间）”可知，第三段的主要内容是研究过程。故选B。

31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Bothgroupswhowereencouragedtofocusonasmallersubgoal

volunteered7to8percentmorethantheirpeerswhoweremerelyencouragedtohittheirbiggoal.Wealso

foundsuggestiveevidencethatthemoreflexible“eighthourseverytwoweeks”framingledtomorelasting

benefitsovertime.Althoughvolunteeringdeclinedeachweekduringthestudyacrossallparticipants,this

declinewasslowerinthe“eighthourseverytwoweeks"condition.Itsuggeststhatmakingmodestgoals

flexiblemightencouragelong-termperseverance.（两组被鼓励专注于小目标的志愿者比那些只被鼓励实现

大目标的同龄人多出7%到8%。我们还发现，随着时间的推移，更灵活的“每两周八小时”框架能带来更

持久的好处。尽管在研究期间，所有参与者的志愿活动每周都在减少，但在“每两周8小时”的情况下，这

种下降速度较慢。研究表明，将适度的目标变得灵活可能会鼓励长期的毅力）”可知，作者想告诉我们把更

大的目标分解会带来更好的结果。故选D。

D

Ourtravelsarenotlimitedtophysicaltime.Wealsoexperiencementaltimetravel.Wevisitthepast

throughourmemoriesandthenjourneyintothefuturebyimaginingwhattomorrowornextyearmightbring.

Whenwedoso,wethinkofourselvesaswearenow,rememberwhoweoncewereandenvisionhowwewillbe.

Arecentstudyexploreshowoneparticularbrainregionhelpstoknittogethermemoriesofthepresentand

futureselves.Whenpeoplesustainaninjurytothisarea,itleadstoadamagedsenseofidentity.Theregion,called

vmPFC,mayproduceafundamentalmodelofthepersonandplaceitinmentaltime.Whentheregiondoesso,it

maybethesourceofoursenseofself.Ifsalsofoundthatmemoriesthatreferencetheselfareeasiertorecall.

Theybenefitfromwhatresearchershavecalledaself^referenceeffect.

Inthestudy,theresearchersusedtheself^referenceeffecttoassessmemoriesofpresentandfutureselves

amongpeoplewhohadbrainlesions（损伤）tothevmPFC.ThescientistsworkedwithpeoplewithvmPFC

lesions,thencomparedthemwithacontrolgroupmadeupofpeoplewithinjuriestootherpartsofthebrainand

healthyindividuals.Theywereaskedtolistadjectivestodescribethemselvesandacelebrity,bothinthepresent

andfuture.Later,theyhadtorecallthesesametraits.Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcould

recallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswith

vmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Their

identificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.

Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthe

functionofthevmPFC.Butwhataboutourpastselves?Previousstudiesaskedpeopletoconsidertheirpast

selves,buttherewasnoevidenceoftheself^referenceeffect.Ourpastselvesseemforeigntous,asiftheywere

individualsapartfromus.

Oneideathatscientistshaveputforwardtounderstandthisdistinctionisthatperhapswearenotverykind

inourjudgmentsofourpastselves.Insteadwemayberathercriticalofourpreviousbehavior,emotionsand

personaltraits.Wemayuseourpastprimarilytoconstructamorepositiveself-imageinthepresent.Putanother

way,becausewemayrecognizeflaws（壬段疵）inourpastselfsbehavior,wetendtodistanceourselvesfromthe

personweoncewere.

Therefore,bringingthepresentandfutureintothespotlightiscentraltounderstandingthewayourbrain

andthoughtsshapeourcurrentselves.Andwiththeresearch,wehaveabetterideaaboutthewayasmallregion

withinourbrainisabletobuildandholdthecoreabilitytomaintainouridentity.

32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentity

B.vmPFC-injuredpeoplerecallceleb