重庆市2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中试题含解析

(全卷满分150分，考试时间：120分钟)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写在答题卡上2.作答前认真阅读答题卡上的注意事项。3.作答时务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷及草稿纸上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Satisfied.B.Nervous.C.Disappointed.2.WhydoesthewomancallJack?A.Toaskhimtoclosethewindow.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Togethernotebookback.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Mattmightseethestrongmouse.B.Mattmightknowhowtogetmorecheese.C.Mattmighthaveeatenthecheese.4.HowdidthespeakersgotoFrance?ABytrain.B.Byair.C.Bycar.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoborrownow?A.Thedictionary.B.Theeraser.C.Thescissors.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答小题。6.Whereisthemuseum?A.Oppositethebookshop.B.Besidethecafe.C.Nexttothehotel.7.Howwillthemanprobablygettothemuseum?A.Bytaxi.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Intheclassroom.B.Athome.C.Intheoffice.9.Whydidtheboyfailtheexam?A.Hedidn’tmakeagoodstudyplan.B.Hedidn’treviewhislessons.C.HestayeduplatewatchingTV.10.Howdoestheboysoundintheend?A.Patient.BAngry.C.Ashamed.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intherestaurant.B.Inadesigncompany.C.Atacoffeeshop.12.Howoftendoesthemaneatoutside?A.Twiceaweek.B.Fourtimesaweek.C.Sixtimesaweek.13.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Haveacoffee.B.Havelunch.C.Gotothesupermarket.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。14.WhichlanguageisPhilprobablyfluentin?AJapanese.B.French.C.English.15.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.InLuxembourg.B.InBritain.C.InJapan.16.InwhichcountrydoesNancywanttoliveinthefuture?A.Belgium.B.America.C.Japan.17.WhatwillPhildoaftercompletinghisstudies?A.WorkinNewYork.B.ReturntoChicago.C.VisitLA.听下面一段独白，回答小题。18.WhatdoweknowabouttheSunGodstatue?A.Ithasthebodyofahumanbeing.B.Ithasthefaceofalion.C.Ithasahistoryof5,000years.19.Howmanytimeshadthestatuebeendugoutofthesand?A.Twice.B.Threetimes.C.Fourtimes.20.What’sthethirdreasonforthedestructionofthestatueaccordingtothespeaker?A.Greattemperaturedifference.B.Severeairpollution.C.Wrongfulactsofthevisitors.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中的最佳选项。AWhileteamayhaveoriginatedinAsia,nowtherearemanycountriesallaroundtheworldthathaveteawovenintotheirfoodcultureandtraditions.Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.ChineseteacultureSinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.Today,ChineseteacontinuestobeusedinChinesemedicineandiscommonlyconsumedonbothcasualandformaloccasionsbothforpersonalenjoymentandtorepresentChineseculturaltraditions.JapaneseteacultureJapanalsohasalonghistorywithtea,especiallyJapaneseMatcha,whichisakindofgroundgreenteathatiscommonlyusedinJapaneseteaceremoniesandonlyinrecentyearsbecamepopularinwesternculture.BritishteacultureWhenmanypeoplethinkabouttea,Britishteacultureiswhatcomestomind.AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.EventhoughteamaynotbenativetoEngland,thisBritishteatraditionisstillgoingstrongtoday.MoroccanteacultureWhenyouvisitMoroccoitishardtomisstheoutstandingteaculturethatissuchalargepartofMoroccanhospitality.Beforeanygathering,negotiation,orsaleofaproduct,apotofmintteaisalwayspreparedandservedamongthehostandguests.ThisisanexpressionofMoroccantraditionandhospitality,whichshouldalwaysbeacceptedbyguestsasasignofappreciationandrespecttothehost.1.Whycanteafinditswayintovariousfoodcultures?A.ItoriginatesinAsia. B.Itformsdifferentceremonies.C.Itgetspeopleconnectedeasily. D.Itallowspeopletosittogether.2.WhatdoChineseandJapaneseteacultureshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theyhavealonghistory.B.Theyareusedinmedicine.C.Theyarefamousforgroundgreentea.D.They’velonggainedworldwiderecognition.3.WhyaretheBritskeenonteaintheafternoon?A.Togetnewenergy. B.Tobringoutrespect.C.Toshowhospitality. D.Toobserveatradition.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。虽然茶起源于亚洲，但是如今世界上许多国家的饮食文化和传统中都融入了茶元素。文章主要介绍了中国、日本、英国和摩洛哥的茶文化。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.(这是茶的一个非常特别的部分，因为它有一种方式——用不同的方式和仪式把世界各地的人们联系在一起，最终结果是一群人坐在一起，享受一杯茶。)”可知，茶能够进入各种饮食文化是因为它让人们很容易联系起来。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Chineseteaculture部分中的“SinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.(既然中国被视为茶的发源地，难怪中国的茶文化有着丰富的历史和传统。)”和Japaneseteaculture部分中的“Japanalsohasalonghistorywithtea(日本也有悠久的茶叶历史)”可知，中国和日本的茶文化的共同点是：它们都有着悠久的历史。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Britishteaculture部分中的“AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.(一杯热腾腾的英式早餐或伯爵茶，下午加一点牛奶和饼干，作为一天的提神饮料。)”可知，英国人喜欢在下午喝茶的原因是，为了获得新的能量。故选A。BMyPh.D.advisercalledmeintohisoffice,sayingIneedn'tbringmynotebook.After15minutesoflistingmypositivethings,helookedmeintheeyeandsaid,“Youarefiredfromthelab.”IhadmovedtoIsraelfrommynativeIndiatheyearbefore,excitedtoexperienceanewcultureandstudyforaPh.D.Atfirstthingswentwellinmynewlab.Then,3monthsbeforeIwasfired,Iranintosomeproblems.Imadeafewmistakesinthelabthatslowedmyresearch,butIwasn'tawarethatmyadvisernoticedthem,andheneverspoketomeaboutanyconcerns.I’mstillnotsurewhyhefiredme,butIguessitwasbecauseofthosemistakes.Hewasn'tconfidentthatIcouldcompletemyresearchintimeaswe'dplanned.ThefirstfewdaysafterIwasfiredwereespeciallydifficult.Ispenthoursstaringatmycomputerscreen,unabletogetanythingdone.OnedayallIcoulddowassitonabeach,crying.Itriedtochangehismindwithpromisingresults,buthestucktohisdecision.IcouldnotbreakthenewstomyfamilyinIndia,asthefearofdisappointingthemoverwhelmed（压垮）me.Isoongotintoastateofsadnessandanxiety.Meanwhile,thedateformetoleavethecountrywasdrawingnear,asmyvisarequiredmetoberegisteredasastudent.Iwaslonelyandwithouthope.Aroundthattime,IwatchedDasvidaniya,aBollywoodmoviethat'saboutamanwhohas3monthstolive.Onelinefromthemoviestuckouttome:“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade（柠檬水）”.WhatkindoflemonadecouldImakeoutofmypresentsituation?MydesiretocompleteaPh.D.wasneverindoubt.Aftermuchreflection,Itoldmyselfthatonefailedattemptwasnottheendoftheworld,andthatIneededtogiveitanothertry.Withrenewedconfidence,Iemailedexpectedadvisersandappliedtootherprograms.Within2months,IlandedanofferfromaPh.D.programinItaly.IaccepteditandrelocatedtoEurope,happythatmygoalofcompletingaPh.D.wasaliveonceagain.I’mthankfulthatIdidn'tgiveuponmydreamandthatIfoundanotherprofessorwillingtotakemeon.4.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thepersonalityoftheadviser.B.Theauthor'sproblemsinstudy.C.Thepossiblereasonfortheauthor'sbeingfired.D.Theauthor'sdifficultyinadaptingtoanewculture.5.Whatdidtheauthordoafterbeingfired?A.Heappliedforanewvisa.B.Hegotaddictedtocomputergames.C.Hetriedtochangetheadviser'smind.D.HesharedthenewswithhisfamilyinIndia.6.Whatkindof"lemonade”didtheauthormakeoutofthedifficultsituation?A.Persuadingtheadvisertolethimstay.B.Beingresponsiblefordifferentprograms.C.Holdingthebelieftogetadoctor'sdegree.D.GettingacceptedbyanotherPh.D.program.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Directionismoreimportantthaneffort,B.Turntomoviesforcomfortwhenintrouble.C.Adoctor’sdegreeisimportantforthefuture.D.Difficultiesinlifecanbeturnedintosomethingpositive.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.D【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在以色列攻读博士学位期间遭遇困境。一部电影中的台词给了他启示：当生活给你又酸又苦的柠檬时，那你就将它变成又甜又可口的柠檬汁。【4题详解】主旨大意题。文章第二段中提到“3monthsbeforeIwasfired,Iranintosomeproblems.Imadeafewmistakesinthelabthatslowedmyresearch….I’mstillnotsurewhyhefiredme,butIguessitwasbecauseofthosemistakes.Hewasn'tconfidentthatIcouldcompletemyresearchintimeaswe'dplanned.（在解雇前三个月，我在实验室犯了一些错误，延缓了我的研究进度......我仍然不确定他为什么解雇我，但我猜是因为那些错误。他没有信心我能如期完成我的研究。）”由此可知，该段是讲述作者被解雇的可能的原因。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Itriedtochangehismindwithpromisingresults,buthestucktohisdecision.（我试图以预期的结果来改变他的主意，但他坚持他的决定。）”可知，被解雇后，作者试图改变导师的主意，但是无济于事。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。文章第四段中提到“Withrenewedconfidence,Iemailedexpectedadvisersandappliedtootherprograms.Within2months,IlandedanofferfromaPh.D.programinItaly.IaccepteditandrelocatedtoEurope,happythatmygoalofcompletingaPh.D.wasaliveonceagain.（满怀重新燃起的信心，我发了一封电子邮件给预期的顾问，并申请了其他项目。不到两个月，我就拿到了意大利一个博士项目的录取通知书。我接受了，到了欧洲，很高兴我完成博士学位的目标再次实现了。）”由此可知，作者在被解雇的困境下，他的“柠檬水”是申请另一个博士项目，并且被接受了。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。文章讲述了作者在以色列攻读博士学位期间，被导师解雇。在困境中，作者观看的一部电影中的台词给了他启示“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.(若生活给了你酸柠檬时，那就把它变成甜的柠檬汁吧)”。文章中还提到“Aftermuchreflection,Itoldmyselfthatonefailedattemptwasnottheendoftheworld,andthatIneededtogiveitanothertry.”作者认为一次失败的尝试并不意味着世界末日，于是再次尝试。由此可以推断，作者的经历告诉人们在生活中遇到困境时，应该换个角度，不断尝试，就可以转化为积极的东西。故选D。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，使用无人机检查电力线使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应)”可知，对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。【点睛】DTheproverb“Workisworship(热爱，崇拜)”emphasizestheimportanceofworkinourlife.Itstatesthatdoingworkmustbetherealworshipofthelifeofeveryhumanbeing.Humanbeingsareconsideredthemostimportantentity(独立存在体)inthisuniversebecauseweareblessedwithbrainsandintelligence.Thebrainprovidesthepowertothinkandunderstandaboutdifferentthingsintheworld.Weallhavesomepurposeinourlivesanddoingworkhelpsinachievingthepurposeofourlives.Itisveryimportantforallthestudentstounderstandtheimportanceofwork.Thisstageisveryimportantineveryperson’slife.Thehabitthatisdevelopedatthisageiscontinuedtilldeath.Ifthestudentslearntoworkinthisstagetheycontinuethesameinfuturetoo.Forthestudents,realworshipisnottheworshipingofgodbutdoingtheirstudiesinasincereway.Theyneedtodoregularstudieswithproperconcentrationeveryday.Thestudentswhoareattentiveanddotheirworksincerelyarerewardedwithgoodmarkswhilethelazystudentswhoavoiddoingtheirworksufferlaterintheirlives.Thisisbecausethereisnosubstitute(代替)forhardwork.Hardworkingstudentsgrowuptobecamegoodcitizensofsocietyandthenationinfuture.Workteachesthestudentstobedisciplinedintheirlife.Everydaywehearofnewinventionsandachievementsmadebythepeopleintheworld.Itcouldnotbepossibleifthepeoplewouldnothavedonetheirworksincerely.Ourhistoryisshiningbrightbecauseofthegreatdeedsofsomegreatpersonalities.Thisisalsobecauseofthepeoplewhoconsideredtheirworkasworshipandperformedithonestly.Suchpeopleneverranawayfromdoingwork.Theywouldnotbeabletomaketheirnamesshineinhistorywithouthardwork.Thus,itcanbestatedthateverysuccesshasabigstruggleanddedicationbehindit.Peoplewhoworshiptheirworkcanachievegreatheightsintheirlife.“Workisworship.”isapopularquotetomakepeopleunderstandtheimportanceofworkineveryone’slife.Theonewhounderstandstheimportanceoftheworkdoesitproperlywithoutthinkingofthefruit.Thefruitwillsurelybesweetiftheeffortishonest.12.Whatmakesushumanbeingsoutstandingintheuniverse?A.Theimportanceofwork. B.TheblessingofGod.C.Thepurposeoflife. D.Thepowerofbrain.13.Whydoestheauthoremphasizetheimportanceofworktostudents?A.Workpreparesthemforthefuture.B.Workmakesthemmoreintelligent.C.Workoffersthemmoresubstitutes.D.Workqualifiesthemforteachingjobs.14.WhydoestheauthortalkaboutinventionsinParagraph5?A.Tomakethemknowntotheworld.B.Tohonorthosegreatpersonalities.C.Tousethemassupportingevidence.D.Tocallonstudentstoinventthings.15.Whatistheauthor’srealpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplainthequote“Workisworship”.B.Toencouragepeopletobehardworking.C.Toteachstudentstobedisciplinedittheirlife.D.Toanalysethereasonsforthosegreatsuccesses.【答案】12D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“工作就是崇拜”这句格言，告诉了我们工作的重要性，同时也告诉我们只要努力工作，未来必然是美好的。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Humanbeingsareconsideredthemostimportantentity(独立存在体)inthisuniversebecauseweareblessedwithbrainsandintelligence.Thebrainprovidesthepowertothinkandunderstandaboutdifferentthingsintheworld.(人类被认为是宇宙中最重要的实体，因为我们有幸拥有大脑和智慧。大脑提供了思考和理解世界上不同事物的能力)”可知，人类之所以很杰出，是因为拥有大脑的能力。故选择D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Itisveryimportantforallthestudentstounderstandtheimportanceofwork.Thisstageisveryimportantineveryperson’slife.Thehabitthatisdevelopedatthisageiscontinuedtilldeath.Ifthestudentslearntoworkinthisstagetheycontinuethesameinfuturetoo.(对于所有的学生来说，理解工作的重要性是非常重要的。这个阶段在每个人的生活中都是非常重要的。在这个年龄养成的习惯会一直延续到死。如果学生在这个阶段学习工作，他们在未来也会继续学习)”可推断，学生在学生时期努力学习，未来也会努力，也就是在为未来做准备。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Everydaywehearofnewinventionsandachievementsmadebythepeopleintheworld.Itcouldnotbepossibleifthepeoplewouldnothavedonetheirworksincerely.Ourhistoryisshiningbrightbecauseofthegreatdeedsofsomegreatpersonalities.Thisisalsobecauseofthepeoplewhoconsideredtheirworkasworshipandperformedithonestly.(我们每天都听说世界人民的新发明和新成就。如果人们没有真诚地做他们的工作，这是不可能的。由于一些伟大人物的伟大事迹，我们的历史闪耀着光辉。这也是因为有些人把他们的工作当作敬拜，并且诚实地去做)”可推断，作者提到新发明，是为了说明之所以有这些发明，是因为人们对工作的崇拜，也就是提到发明是为了论证自己的观点。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theonewhounderstandstheimportanceoftheworkdoesitproperlywithoutthinkingofthefruit.Thefruitwillsurelybesweetiftheeffortishonest.(懂得工作重要性的人做事时不会考虑结果。如果努力是诚实的，果实一定是甜美的)”及全文可推断，作者写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们要勤奋。故选B。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Psychologistshavelongbelievedthathumanbeingshaveafairlyconsistent“negativitybias（消极偏见）”thatleadsustopaymoreattentiontonegativethoughts,feelingsandeventsthantopositiveones.____16____Thereisapositiveexplanationforthequestion.Afterall,wearemotivatedtogrowafteramisstep.However,wecan'tabandonourselvestothenegativitybiasforever.How?____17____PracticePositivity.Likeyourmuscles,yourthoughtpatternsrespondtohowtheyareusedandexercised.Youdon'thavetoerasethenegativitybiasfromyourmind.____18____Forexample,setcalendarremindersthroughoutyourdaytoconveyanexpressionofgratitudeorsimplyadjustyourbodylanguagesoyou'reholdingyourselfwithstrengthandconfidence.____19____We'relivinginatimeofpandemicorfinancialstressanddeepdivision.Ournegativitybiasescallourattentiontowardthoserealities.Butwearewellservedtoalsoseetheopportunitiesinthismoment：Maybethere'sahomeprojectweotherwisewouldn'thavefoundtimetotackle.AskforPositiveReminders.Getinthehabitofcheckinginwithpeoplewhoarewithyouwhengoodnessfindsyoutoday.Mentiontothem,“Thatisanunexpectedbitofpraisefromtheboss,isn'tit?”____20____Andwhoknows,youmayhelpyourfriend,familymemberorcoworkerhaveamorepositivedayaswell!A.Trythefollowingsuggestedideas.B.Redefinenegativityasanopportunity.C.Instead,practiceyourpositivelifestyle.D.Itsnegativeinfluencecanneverbeavoided.E.Whyandhowdoesthisphenomenonhappen?F.Howdoyouhandleitasyoutrytolivewithmorepositivity?G.Askingotherstoconfirmyourpositiveinsightscanfacilitateyourpositivity.【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.B20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，但人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，文章给了一些方法帮助人们走出消极偏见。【16题详解】由上一句“Psychologistshavelongbelievedthathumanbeingshaveafairlyconsistent“negativitybias（消极偏见）”thatleadsustopaymoreattentiontonegativethoughts,feelingsandeventsthantopositiveones.”（心理学家长期以来一直认为，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见”，这导致我们更多地关注消极的思想、情感和事件，而不是积极的思想、情感和事件。）和下一句“Thereisapositiveexplanationforthequestion.”（对这个问题有一个肯定的解释。）可知，上句提到了“消极偏见”这种消极的心理问题现象，下句又说这个问题有一个肯定的解释，可得出该空填写内容应与解释这种现象为什么和如何发生的信息有关，承接上下文，E选项“这种现象为什么会发生，又是如何发生的？”切题。故选E项。【17题详解】由上两句“However,wecan'tabandonourselvestothenegativitybiasforever.How?”（然而，我们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中。怎样做呢？），第二段首句“PracticePositivity.”（实践积极性。）和最后一段首句“AskforPositiveReminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）及下文内容可知，上文说人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，下文讲走出消极偏见的一些建议（如实践积极性和要求积极的提醒），可得出该空填写的内容与提供建议有关，承接上下文，A选项“尝试以下建议。”切题。故选A项。【18题详解】由本段小标题“PracticePositivity.”（实践积极性。）和上一句“Youdon'thavetoerasethenegativitybiasfromyourmind.”（你不必消除你心中消极偏见。）可知，作者建议读者在生活中去实践积极性，即以积极的态度去生活，所以无需消除你心中的消极偏见，只需在生活中不断实践积极的生活方式，承接上文，C选项“相反，练习你积极的生活方式。”切题。故选C项。【19题详解】根据本段内容，归纳出小标题。由本段后文“We'relivinginatimeofpandemicorfinancialstressanddeepdivision.Ournegativitybiasescallourattentiontowardthoserealities.Butwearewellservedtoalsoseetheopportunitiesinthismoment：Maybethere'sahomeprojectweotherwisewouldn'thavefoundtimetotackle.”（我们生活在一个大流行病、经济压力和严重分裂的时代。我们的消极偏见要求我们关注这些现实。但我们也很乐意看到这一刻的机遇：也许有一个家庭项目，否则我们就没有时间去解决。）可知，即使我们的消极偏见要求我们关注那些消极的现实，但我们也要在消极中看到机遇，可得出本段主要讲在消极中找到机遇，承接下文，B选项“将消极性重新定义为机遇。”切题。故选B项。【20题详解】由本段小标题“AskforPositiveReminders.”（索要积极的提醒。）和上一句“Mentiontothem,“Thatisanunexpectedbitofpraisefromtheboss,isn'tit?””（对他们说：“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”）可知，在本段中作者建议读者要去向别人索要积极的提醒来摆脱消极偏见，如用反义疑问句“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？”来肯定自己的积极性，承接上文，G选项“让别人确认你的积极见解可以促进你的积极性。”切题。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共四节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnSept.1,PaulMiller,ateacherinAmerica,____21____avideoonYouTubewherehedoeshistakeon“I’llBeThereForYou,”asongfromFriends.“Noonetoldmeschoolwasgonnabethisway,"Millersingsinaclassroom,in____22____tothepandemicandthenationwide____23____ofin-personteaching.“Igotmylessonsreadybutstudentsareabsent.Thoughtheyare____24____,wecanstillhaveagreatyear.'CauseI'llbehereforyouwhenyou'relearningathome."“____25____oursocialdistance,schoolwillstillbegreat.”Millercontinues.Having____26____thereasonswhyonlinelearninghasits____27____Millerjumpsintothechorus,tellinghisstudentswhattheycan____28____.“Whenback,”hesings.“Youreallystarttoshine.Nomatterwhat,I'mhereforyou.”Miller'svideohasreceivedover25,000viewsandlotsof____29____comments.Onewrote:"Teachersare_____30_____onearthinhumanform.”Inan_____31_____withWMTVMillersaidhe_____32_____startsoffeveryschoolyearwithasong.Thisyear,however,hehadtobemorecreative.Theteachersaidhe'sbeen_____33_____bythepositiveresponseshe'sgotten.“Reallythe_____34_____wearegettingthisyeariscompletelybeyond_____35_____,”hesaid.“IhavegottenmessagesfromArizonatoIndia.Apparently,Friendsisaverypopularshow.”21.A.marked B.recorded C.praised D.shared22.A.response B.relation C.devotion D.addition23.A.preparation B.cancellation C.admiration D.promotion24.A.private B.attractive C.virtual D.passive25.A.For B.Despite C.Against D.Across26.A.listed B.gained C.told D.realized27A.contributions B.effects C.tendencies D.benefits28.A.expect B.develop C.treasure D.correspond29.A.objective B.indifferent C.casual D.supportive30.A.heroes B.spirits C.angels D.sponsors31.A.interview B.conversation C.debate D.argument32.A.specially B.normally C.particularly D.temporarily33.A.influenced B.burdened C.overwhelmed D.defeated34.A.strength B.preference C.responsibility D.attention35.A.control B.reach C.expectation D.recognition【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。美国教师PaulMiller疫情期间在YouTube上分享了一段视频，他在视频中改编了《老友记》中的一首歌来回应疫情期间全国范围内取消面对面教学这件事，受到广泛关注和好评。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月1日，美国教师PaulMiller在YouTube上分享了一段视频，他在视频中改编了《老友记》中的一首歌《我会在那里等你》。A.marked标记；B.recorded记录；C.praised赞扬；D.shared分享。因为空后提到了社交媒体“onYouTube”，所以应该是在上面分享了一个视频。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Miller在教室里唱道：“没人告诉我学校会这样。”以回应疫情和全国范围内取消面对面教学。A.response回应；B.relation关系；C.devotion奉献；D.addition添加。根据“Igotmylessonsreadybutstudentsareabsent”可知，这位教师是为了回应疫情和全国范围内取消面对面教学这件事而改编了歌曲。inresponseto意为“回应”。故选A项。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Miller在教室里唱道：“没人告诉我学校会这样。”以回应疫情和全国范围内取消面对面教学。A.preparation准备；B.cancellation取消；C.admiration钦佩；D.promotion提升。根据“thepandemic”和“in-personteaching”可知，此处是指疫情期间取消了面对面教学。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们是虚拟的，我们仍然可以度过愉快的一年。A.private私有的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.virtual虚拟的；D.passive被动的。根据“whenyou'relearningathome”可知，疫情期间孩子们在家上网课，所以此处表示他们是虚拟的。故选C项。【25题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：Miller继续道：“尽管我们有社交距离，学校仍然很好。”A.For为了；B.Despite尽管；C.Against反对；D.Across穿越。根据“oursocialdistance”和“schoolwillstillbegreat”之间是让步关系，所以用despite。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在列出了在线学习的好处之后，Miller加入了合唱，告诉他的学生他们可以期待什么。A.listed列举；B.gained获得；C.told告诉；D.realized意识到。根据上文“wecanstillhaveagreatyear....schoolwillstillbegreat”可知，Miller在歌里面列举在线学习的好处。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在列出了在线学习的好处之后，Miller加入了合唱，告诉他的学生他们可以期待什么。A.contributions贡献；B.effects影响；C.tendencies趋势；D.benefits好处。根据上文“wecanstillhaveagreatyear....schoolwillstillbegreat”可知，Miller在歌里面列举在线学习的好处。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在列出了在线