2025版新教材高中英语Unit1PeopleofAchievement课时作业一ReadingandThinking新人教版选择性必修第一册

课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练进阶训练第一层Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Thetwopostersare________(有区分的)fromeachotherinstyle.2．Youmust________(承诺)yourselftofinishthetaskontime.3．Itisnecessaryforustohaveano________attitudetowardslife.4．Onlyifyoumakeeffortstofulfillthetaskcanyoubea________tobeexcellent.5．Asamatteroffact,happinessdoesn'tlieinhowmuch________(财产)youown.6．Asisknowntoall,talentandhardworkareboth________(至关重要的)tocareersuccess.7．Solongaswecan________(击败)theotherteam,we'llbecomethechampionofcourse.8．Thehospitalhasrecentlyo________newmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Thescientistislookingforawaytodraw________theextract.2．Youmustn'tgetclosetothe________(boil)water!It'sdangerous!3．Theoldmaninsisted________leavinghisgrandsoninthisvillage.4．Thewheelsofthecargot________(stick)inthemud.5．Theywillholdameetingtofindthekey________solvingtheproblem.6．Howdidthedoctorfindanewtreatment________thisstrangedisease?7．________(apparent),thevillagerswerenotinfavourofthenewplan.8．Withsomuchnoise,hefoundithardtodosome________(science)research.Ⅲ.课文语法填空TuYouyouisuniversallyacknowledgedasascientistofgreat1.________(achieve).BorninNingbo,China,on30December1930,TuYouyougraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.In1967,shewaschosenintoaresearchteam2.________wasformedbythegovernmentwiththeaimofdiscoveringanewtreatment3.________malariaandtwoyearslatershebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing.Sheandherteammatesexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,4.________(evaluate)280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties,andtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.Asa5.________(commit)andpatientscientist,sheneveracknowledgeddefeatwhateverdifficultyshemet.Afterfailingtodrawoutusefulextractby6.________(boil)thesweetwormwood,shebeganeven7.________(careful)thinkingandresearchwork.Shedrew8.________conclusionthatboilingthesweetwormwooddestroyed9.________(it)medicalproperties.Sosheusedalowertemperature10.________(draw)outtheextractandfinallyshesucceeded.关键实力综合练进阶训练其次层Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheearth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891,ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.1．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists________.A.havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessfulB.cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworldC.gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessfulD.hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies2．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento________．A.wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarriedB.makeachievementsinthestudyofancientearthC.researchanimalsandtheirbonesD.studythemysteryofallkindsofplants3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A.ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.B.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.C.SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.D.Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.4．What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Ancientdiscoveries.B．Womenscientists.C.Successfulmarriages.D．Differentprizes.BModernmedicineandthelatesttechnologycansavemanylives.Ifyouliveinacountrywherehealthcareisreadilyavailableandaccessible,thenyourchancesofrecoveringfromillnessesoraccidentsareverygood.ButformanypeopleintheUSwhoareuninsured(无保险的),theycan'taffordthesenewmedicaltreatments.That'swhyDoctorDemetrioAguilainNorfolkletspoorpatientspayforsurgery(外科手术)throughvolunteerwork.“ForyearsIhadbeendoingsurgeryforpatientsandtakingcareoftheirhealthproblems.ThenIwouldfindoutmonthslater,sometimesyearslater,thatIhadcausedtheirfinancialruin，”Aguilasaid.Seriousillnessescancompletelydepleteafamily'ssavings,leavingthemnochoicebuttogobankrupt(破产).ThenheformedHealingHandsM25asawaytogivepoorpatientsthemedicalfeestheyneedbydonatingtheirtimetocommunityservice.Theprocessisprettysimple.Theypracticepartnerswithlocalcharitableorganizations.Thepatientpicksthecharityanddonateshistimeandsweat;Aguiladeterminestheamountofvolunteerhoursthepatienthastocomplete.“We'veloweredthecostofhealthcare.We'vemadeitfairforeverybodyinvolved，”Aguilasaid.ThefirstpatienttoparticipateintheprogramwasJeffreyJensonwhoworkedfor560hourstopayforsurgeryonhisleg.Jensonaskedhisfriendsandfamilytohelphimcompletethehours.Jensonsaidthathisvolunteerworkgreatlyaffectedhislifeasmuchasthesurgery.“TheM25programisnotaboutmoney—it'saboutifpeoplecometogethertohelpotherpeople,thenthecommunitybecomesbetter，”saidJenson.Thisprogramisabigwinforthepatients,thelocalcommunity,andDrAguilawhoknowshehasdoneeverythinghecouldtohelphispatients.5．HowdoesAguilamakepoorpatientspayforsurgery?A.Incash.B.Throughaninsurancecompany.C.Bydoingvolunteerwork.D.Byservingthedoctor.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplete”inParagraph2mean?A.Setaside.B．Useup.C.Cutdown.D．Addto.7．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.WhatHealingHandsM25does.B.HowHealingHandsM25works.C.WhyAguilarunsHealingHandsM25.D.WhypatientschooseHealingHandsM25.8．WhatisJenson'sattitudetowardstheM25program?A.Positive.B．Negative.C.Objective.D．Unconcerned.Ⅱ.阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AudreyHepburnwasborninBelgiumin1929.Shelikedtospendtimewithherfather.Perhapshewasnotawarmfather,buthewasjoyousandjokedalot.Hehadhishorses,spoke13languages,andwouldtakehergliding(滑翔).__1__Whenshewassix,Audrey'sfatherwalkedout.Itwasthefirstmajorblowinherlife.Fromthenon,Audrey'schildhoodwasunsettled.HermotherdecidedthatitmightbeagoodideaforhertolearnEnglish,soshesenthertoaboardingschool.__2__Shefeltlikeanoutsider,butshelearnedEnglish.Verysoonthewarbrokeout.Audrey'smothersentforAudreytojoinherinHolland.TheyweretakeninbyAudrey'swealthygrandfather.Withinayear,theNazisturnedagainsttheDutch.Thentherewasnoheating,noschoolandnofood.__3__Sheshowedremarkableresilience(快速复原的实力)duringthewar.Audreymadeherperformancedebut(初次表演)bydancinginwartimeHolland.Shedidn'tknowhowlongthewarwasgoingtolast,soshewenttoballet(芭蕾舞)schoolandlearnedtodance.__4__Afterthewarended,Audreycarriedonwithherballettraining.In1951,afamousFrenchwriterwaslookingforaleadingladyforherbest­lovednovel.__5__AudreywastotakeAmericabystorm.A.Andtheneverythingchanged.B.Yet,Audrey'sspiritshonethrough.C.ButitwasdifficultforAudreytofitin.D.WhenshesawAudrey,shefamouslysaid,“I'vefoundmyGigi！”E.Itplayedanimportantroleinmakinghermorefamousthanever.F.Aboutayearbeforetheendofthewar,shebecamequiteanexcellentperformer.G.InMay1940,AudreyandherfamilycrossedtheborderandwentintoHolland.Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Faradaywasthe1.________(invent)oftheelectricgeneratorandelectricmotor.Faraday'sfathersufferedfromlong­timehealthproblems,asaresultof2.________hisfamilyhadlittlemoneytoaffordhisformalschooling.Buthewascuriousanddeterminedtolearn.While3.________(work)inLondonasateenager,hehadachancetoread4.________(vary)booksthathecouldgethishandson.In1812,heattendedfourlecturesattheRoyalInstitutiongivenbyafamouschemistnamedHumphreyDavy.AyearlaterFaraday5.________(accept)asDavy'slabassistant.DavyalsotookFaradayon6.________18­monthtourofEurope,whereFaradaymetsomeofthemostfamousscientistsoftheday.ButforDavy,Faraday7.________(lose)theopportunitytogainacompletescientificeducation.Hesoonbegantodo8.________(experiment)withelectricity.In1831,hediscoveredelectromagneticinduction.AndforthenexteightyearsFaradayworkedlonghoursinthelab,whichdidharm9.________hishealth.Bytheendofthedecadehewasin10.________poorhealththathisresearchdidnotbeginagainuntil1845.Inthemid­1850s,hewasforcedtoretireandhelivedatHamptonCourtuntilhisdeathon25August1867.课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练Ⅰ.1．distinct2mit3.objective4.acknowledged5．property6.crucial7.defeat8.obtainedⅡ.1．out2.boiling3.on4.stuck5.to6.for7．Apparently8.scientificⅢ.1．答案与解析：achievement考查名词。此处指屠呦呦被普遍认为是一个有宏大成就的科学家。of后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质，故填achievement。2．答案与解析：that/which考查关系词。此处指她被选入一个由政府成立的科研团队。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为aresearchteam，从句中缺少主语，故填that或which。3．答案与解析：for考查介词。anewtreatmentformalaria意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”，故填for。4．答案与解析：evaluated考查动词的时态。设空处和句中的examined，tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填evaluated。5．答案与解析：committed考查形容词。committed为形容词，意为“不遗余力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。6．答案与解析：boiling考查动名词。bydoingsth.意为“通过做某事”，by为介词，后接动名词。7．答案与解析：morecareful考查形容词的比较级。此处指她起先了更加细致的思索和探讨工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填morecareful。8．答案与解析：a考查冠词。drawaconclusionthat...得出一个……的结论。9．答案与解析：its考查形容词性物主代词。此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用形容词性物主代词its。10．答案与解析：todraw考查动词不定式。usesth.todosth.运用某物做某事。故填todraw。关键实力综合练Ⅰ.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。1．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。由第一段最终一句“Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.”可知，作者认为女性科学家要经验许多艰难才能走向胜利。2．答案与解析：B细微环节理解题。由其次段中的“MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.”可知选B。3．答案与解析：D推理推断题。由最终一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知D项正确。4．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了两名在科学领域做出了巨大贡献的女性。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Aguila医生成立HealingHandsM25帮助患者通过做志愿者工作来支付手术费用。5．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“That'swhyDoctorDemetrioAguilainNorfolkletspoorpatientspayforsurgerythroughvolunteerwork.”可知，Aguila让贫困患者通过做志愿者工作来支付手术费用。6．答案与解析：B词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“...leavingthemnochoicebuttogobankrupt”可知，一个家庭之所以破产是因为严峻的疾病会完全耗尽他们全部的积蓄，故deplete意为“耗尽”，故选B项。7．答案与解析：B段落大意题。依据第三段的内容可知，本段主要讲解并描述了HealingHandsM25这一项目是如何运行的。8．答案与解析：A观点看法题。依据倒数其次段Jenson所说的话可知，Jenson对HealingHandsM25这个项目持确定看法。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了奥黛丽·赫本成名前的故事。1．答案与解析：A由下文中的“Audrey'sfatherwalke