2025版高考英语一轮总复习第一部分模块知识复习选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection

Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.阅读理解A(山东省日照市2024届高三下学期3月一模考试)DespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler,hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However,thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”,a$20,000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(微观粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater:alaser,amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice,”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamily’sgarageashislaboratory,doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtomarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway,hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltration(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily,afreshmanatStanfordUniversity,inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.1.WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A.Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B.Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C.Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D.He’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.2.WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A.People’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B.People’spoorlivingconditions.C.Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D.Hisfamily’sencouragement.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle?A.Considerateandbrave.B.Optimisticandhonest.C.Determinedandhumorous.D.Responsibleandcreative.4.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.TheintroductionofNEREID.B.Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C.Theharmofpollutedwater.D.AUSschooler’swatersolution.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi独创了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。1.C细微环节理解题。依据其次段第一句可知,Kyle因他的独创而获奖。2.A细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的内容可知,Kyle独创NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。3.D推理推断题。依据最终两段的内容可知,Kyle独创NEREID,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,并通过实际行动提倡清洁用水,爱护环境,因此他有责任心且有创意。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲解并描述KyleTianshi独创了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,还和Emily一起创立了清水创新项目,提倡清洁用水,故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。B(河北省衡水市2024届高三下学期二模考试)Manyanimalsdependuponsoundtofindfood,detectenemiesandcommunicatewithoneanother.Thesespeciesunderstandablysufferwhenloudmotorwayscutthroughtheirhabitats.Somedealwithbysingingmoreloudly,somechangethetimingoftheircallstooccurwhenfewerpeoplearedriving,othersjustmovetoquieterplaces.Alloftheseactionscomewithsignificantcostsattachedandscientistshavelongdocumentedtheecologicaldamagecausedbynoisepollution.Ithasalwaysbeenassumed,however,thatnoiseisaproblemuniquetoanimals.ButanewstudybyAliAkbarGhotbi-Ravandi,abotanistatShahidBeheshtiUniversityinTehran,hasshowedthatplantssuffertoo.Thatplantscanbehamperedindirectlybynoisepollutionhasneverbeenindoubt.Sincemostfloweringspeciesdependuponpollinators(传粉者)andmostfruit-bearingspeciesneedanimalstospreadtheirseeds,itisobviousthatiftheseanimalpartnersareharmedbynoisethentheirbotanicalcounterpartswilldobadly,too.Whathasremainedunknowniswhetherornotplantsthemselvessufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.Soundsarepressurewavestransmittedthroughgases,liquidsandsolids.Scientistshavepreviouslyassumedthatplantsmaybeabletosensethesewavesastheyarestruckbythem.Anumberofexperimentshaveconfirmedthisinrecentyears—plantsbombedwithultrasound(超声波)inthelabhaveshownarangeofbadresponsesincludingtheexpressionofstress-relatedgenes,slowgrowthandreducedproductionofseeds.Yetbombingplantswithultrasoundisnotthesameasgrowingtheminthepresenceofactualtrafficnoise.Tothisend,Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandidecidedtosetupanexperimenttostudypreciselythisquestion.5.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Todrawreaders’interest.C.Tostressthedamageofnoise.D.Tostatesound’seffectonanimals.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hampered”inParagraph3mean?A.Killed. B.Harmed.C.Attracted. D.Frightened.7.Whatisstillunknowntoscientists?A.Howsomeanimalsrespondtonoise.B.Thatnoiseisn’taproblemuniquetoanimals.C.Whetherplantssufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.D.Thatmostplantsdependonanimalstospreadseeds.8.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Waystosolvetheproblemsoftrafficnoise.B.Differencesbetweenultrasoundandtrafficnoise.C.Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi’sachievementsonplantsstudy.D.Theexperimentabouttheinfluenceoftrafficnoiseonplants.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。探讨发觉植物胆怯 噪音。5.A推理推断题。全文主要讲解并描述植物也胆怯 噪音。第一段讲动物受噪音干扰及其应对措施,是为了引出本文的话题——植物也胆怯 噪音。6.B词义揣测题。依据上文“ButanewstudybyAliAkbarGhotbi-Ravandi,abotanistatShahidBeheshtiUniversityinTehran,hasshowedthatplantssuffertoo.”和下文“theseanimalpartnersareharmedbynoise”的提示可知,画线词的含义是“损害”。7.C细微环节理解题。依据第三段最终一句可知,目前尚不清晰的是,植物本身是否干脆受到噪音污染的影响。8.D推理推断题。最终一段提到“Tothisend,Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandidecidedtosetupanexperimenttostudypreciselythisquestion.”可推断,接下来要讲的是关于交通噪音对植物影响的试验。C(2024届辽宁省辽南协作体高三其次次模拟考试)ADukeUniversity-ledstudyfindsthatbottlenosedolphinsburncaloriesatalowerrateastheygetolder,justlikehumansdo.It’sthefirsttimethatscientistshavemeasuredanage-relatedmetabolic(新陈代谢的)slowdowninanotherlarge-bodiedspeciesbesideshumans,saidthefirstauthorRebeccaRimbach.Rimbachhasstudiedenergyconsumptioninanimalsrangingfrommicetomonkeys.Butdataontheinnerworkingsofseaanimalssuchasdolphinsandwhaleshavebeenscant,shesays.“That’sbecausetheseoceananimalsaredifficulttocatchforrepeatedmeasurement.Itcanbeverytrickytogettheanimalbackwhenyouneedit,”Rimbachsaid.Theresearchersstudied10bottlenosedolphinsaged10to45livingattwoseaanimalcenters.Tomeasuretheiraveragedailymetabolicrates,theresearchersusedthe“doublylabeledwatermethod”.Itinvolvedgettingthedolphinstodrinkafewpoundsofwaterwith“heavy”formsofhydrogenandoxygenputin,andthenfollowinghowlongtheytooktoforcethemout.Carerscollectedthedolphinsbloodandanalyzedthelevelsofheavyhydrogenandoxygenatoms(原子)init.Thus,theteamwasabletocounthowmuchcarbondioxidethedolphinsproducedeachday,andthenhowmanycaloriestheywereburningastheywentabouttheirlives.Thescientistsfoundtheoldestdolphinsinthestudy,bothintheir40s,used22%to49%fewercalorieseachdaythanexpectedfortheirbodyweight.Andsimilartohumans,moreofthosecaloriesendedupasfatratherthanmuscle.Dolphinsintheir40shadbodyfatpercentagesthatwere2.5timeshigherthantheunder-20dolphins’.Itwasn’tforlackofexerciseanditwasn’tbecausethey’reeatingtoomuch,Rimbachsaid.Itwasrelatedtometabolicaging.Theresearcherssaidsuchworkcoulduncoverfactorsbesidesdietandlifestylethatcausedage-relatedweightgaininpeople.“Furtherstudiesintothiscommonalitywesharewithdolphinsmayhelpusunderstandwhyourmetabolismslowsasweage,”saidco-authorHannahSalomons.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scant”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Detailed. B.Strange.C.Rare. D.Different.10.Whydidthecarerscollectdolphins’bloodduringtheresearch?A.Tobetterknowabouttheiroxygendemand.B.Tofigureouttheamountofburntcalories.C.Toanalyzethemaincontentoftheblood.D.Tocheckthehealthconditionofdolphins.11.Whatisthereasonfortheelderlydolphins’higherpercentagesofbodyfat?A.Theirunhealthylifestyles.B.Theirshortageofexercise.C.Theirweakenedmetabolism.D.Theirpreferenceforfatfood.12.Whatcanweconcludeaccordingtothetext?A.Burningcaloriesneedsmorefatasdolphinsage.B.Exercisecanspeedupsomeanimals’metabolism.C.Dolphins’mealtimingmayinfluenceweightloss.D.Dolphins’metabolismtendstoslowdownwithage.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。探讨发觉,随着年龄的增长,宽吻海豚的新陈代谢速度会降低。9.C词义揣测题。依据其次段可知,因为海洋生物很难反复捕获测量数据,所以关于海洋生物的探讨很少。由此推知,scant意为“少的”。10.B细微环节理解题。依据第三段的内容可知,收集海豚的血液是为了计算卡路里的消耗量。11.C推理推断题。依据第四段可知,成年海豚的体脂高是因为他们的新陈代谢减弱。12.D推理推断题。本文主要讲宽吻海豚随着年龄的增长新陈代谢的速度会降低。Ⅱ.七选五阅读EarninganMBAAbroad(2024·福建省龙岩市中学毕业班第一次教学质量检测)AnyonewhohopestoleadaFortune500Firmsomedayshouldrealizethatahigh-profileleadershiprolewillprobablyrequireextensivetravelandteamworkwithcolleaguesfromallovertheworld.Anyambitiousbusinesspersonmaywishtoconsiderattendingabusinessschool(B-school)whereheorsheisneitheracitizennorapermanentresident.Whendecidingwhethertogotoabusinessgraduateprograminaforeigncountry,doacost-benefitanalysis.1

SellingPointsandDisadvantagesEarninganMBAoranothertypeofgraduatebusinessdegreeinaforeigncountrybearsvaluableadvantages.Onebigadvantageisthatyouwillbeabletolearnaboutnewcultures.2Italsoallowsyoutoexperiencedifferentworkingstylesandhowcertaincompaniesoperate,whichcanbebeneficialforfutureemployerswhowantemployeeswithglobalexperience.

3Internationalflightstoandfromaforeignschoolmaybeexpensive.Youmayfinditharderthantheyexpectedtogetvisas(签证)orworkpermitsforyourschoolingabroad,whichmeansyoumighthavetoleavethecountryabruptlywhenyougraduatewithoutmuchtimefortransmission.Youmayalsobeconcernedaboutculturaldifferencesinlearningstyles,studyhabits,andacademicstrictness.

OtherFactorstoConsiderWhencomparingMBAprogramsindifferentcountries,keepseveralregionaldistinctionsinmind.ThestandardinsomecountriesisforMBAdegreestobecompletedwithinasingleyear.4ThepriceofB-schoolinsomeareastendstobemoreexpensiveandstartingsalariesamongrecentMBAgraduatestendtobeespeciallyhighwithincertaincountries.

Nomatterwhereintheworldyou’dprefertopursueanMBA,it’swisetoinvestigateyourtargetB-school’scourseofferingstoassesswhetherthelessonstaughtatthatschoolseeminterestingandrelevanttoyou.5Inotherwords,thinkoverthelocationwhereyouintendtospendthemajorityofyourcareer.

A.Thiswillhelpinfutureworkopportunities.B.Anotherconsiderationisyourfinaldestination.C.Inotherplacesthetypicaltime-to-degreeistwoyears.D.Admissionoddsmayvarydependingonthelocationoftheprograms.E.Unfortunately,therearesomedownsidestopursuinga