重庆市万州区2023-2024学年高二英语上学期10月月考试题含解析

Page26注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatwillthemandotonight?A．HelpAnnecookdinner.B．HavedinneratAnne’shouse.C．LookafterAnne’sgrandmother.2．Whyisthemansurprisedbythewoman?A．Shestaysuplateeverynight.B．Shefinishedwatchingtheshowsoquickly.C．Shehasdifficultyunderstandingtheshow.3．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Cutoutwine.B．Gotobedearly.C．Domorningexercise.4．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Hehashadthesameshoes.B．Hedoesn’tliketheshoes.C．He’llaskforhiswife’sadvice.5．WhenwillFrankflytoNewYorktomorrow?A．At3:30pm.B．At7:00pm.C．At8:00pm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6．WhatdoesJamesthinkofhisnewjob?A．Ratherchallenging.B．Veryboring.C．Quiteeasy.7．Wherewillthespeakersflyakite?A．Inthepark.B．Intheparkinglot.C．Inthesquare.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10三个小题。8．Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?A．Todesignthebulletinboard.B．Todiscussanewadvertisingcampaign.C．Toarrangeadvertisementsonbusesandcars.9．Howmanytypesofoutdooradvertisingarementioned?A．Three.B．Two.C．One.10．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inanexhibitioncenter.B．Inanoffice.C．Inalab.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Customerandbookseller.12．WhatdoweknowaboutVivian?A．Shecanreadbooksonherown.B．SheismuchyoungerthanBilly.C．Shedoesn’tloveprincessesatall.13．WhomightreadthebedtimestorytoBillyandVivian?A．ThemanB．Thewoman.C．Theman’sparents.听下面一段对话，回答第14至第16三个小题。14．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Asceneryspot.B．Aholidayplan.C．Aswimmingtraining.15．HowwillthespeakersgototheFirstBathingBeach?A．Bybike.B．Byboat.C．Bybus.16．Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A．Getswimmingsuits.B．Bookahotelonline.C．Findaswimmingtrainer.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17．Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A．Tointroducehisprojectonspace.B．ToimaginewhatlifeislikeinspaceC．Totellpeopleaboutastronauts’dailylife.18．Whatdotheastronautsdofirsteveryday?A．Eatfood.B．Examinethesystems.C．Haveameeting.19．Whatdidthespeakerdoduringrecreationaltime?A．Helookedoutofthewindow.B．HelistenedtoCDs.C．Hereadbooks.20．Howdotheastronautsreducetheilleffects?A．Handlesomework.B．Talkwithfamilymembers.C．Takesomeexercise.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。ASouthAfricaisthewater-lovers'paradise.Whetheryouwanttobebythesea,ontheseaorevenunderit,therearecountlesswaystogetyouroceanexperience.AlmostallofthemarelocatedonSouthAfrica'seastcoast,wheretheIndianOceankeepswaterwarm.Thompson'sBay,BallitoDrive40minutesnorthofDurbantoreachtheuniquecoastaltownofBallito.Popularwithholidaymakers,Ballitohasachoiceofprettybeaches—andthebestforswimmingisThompson'sBay.Thissceniccove（小海湾）isshelteredfromthewindandcharacterizedbyitscalmwaters,interestingrockyoutcropsandafascinatinggeologicalhole-in-the-wall.There'sawalledtidalpoolforthosewhoarenervoustoswimintheopenocean,makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies.UmhlangaRocks,DurbanLocateda20-minutedrivefromcentralDurban,theresorttownofUmhlangaisapropergetawayforpeoplewithgoodincomesandvisitorsintheknow(知内情的).ThemainUmhlangaRocksbeachboastssafeswimmingwatersandendlessgoldensands,againprotectedbylifeguardsandsharknets.Apavedwalkwayprovidesdirectaccesstothetown'sbeachfrontshops,restaurantsandbars.GonubieBeach,EastLondonThecoastaltownofGonubieisseenbymanyasasuburbofEastLondon,oneofthelargestcitiesoftheEasternCape.Itspicture-perfectbeachoffersgreatswimmingareasintheopensea.TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanotherbathingspotondayswhenthesurfintheseaisbiggerthanusual.Allalongtheriver'sgreenbanks,you'llfindaseriesofshadedspotsperfectforsummerpicnicsandbarbecues.Kelly’sBeach,PortAlfredFurthersouthontheSunshineCoast,thelaid-backtownofPortAlfredishometoKelly’sBeach,whichwasawardedBlueFlagstatusfor2017-2018.A400-meterstretchofpalebrownsand,thebeachanditswatersareexceptionallyclean.Twoviewingdeckscomeinhandyduringwhale-watchingseason,orforadmiringspectacularsunrisesandsunsets.1.IfyouareplanningafamilytriptoSouthAfrica,whichbeachsuitsyoubest?A.Thompson'sBay,Ballito. B.UmhlangaRocks,Durban.C.GonubieBeach.EastLondon D.Kelly'sBeach,PortAlfred.2.What'sspecialaboutUmhlangaRocksinDurban?A.Itisfreeforchildren. B.Itstargetcrowdistherich.C.Ithasawalledtidalpool. D.Ithaspalebrownsand.3.WhatcouldyoudowhenmeetingviolentwavesonGonubieBeach?A.Goswimmingintheopensea. B.Gobathingatanotherbathingspot.C.Gosurfingintheopensea. D.Gocampingbytheriverside.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了南非东海岸的三个可以获得海洋体验的著名旅游景点的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。由Thompson'sBay,Ballito中的makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies.可知，对于家庭来说，这是一个特别好的选择。所以如果你打算和家人一起去南非旅行，汤普森湾，贝利托海滩最适合你。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由UmhlangaRocks,Durban中的theresorttownofUmhlangaisapropergetawayforpeoplewithgoodincome可知，旅游胜地乌姆兰加是有富人的好去处。UmhlangaRocks,Durban的特别之处在于它的目标人群是富人。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由GonubieBeach,EastLondon中的TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanotherbathingspotondayswhenthesurfintheseaisbiggerthanusual.可知，戈努比河也在这里入海，在海浪比平时大的日子里，提供了另一个海水浴的地方。所以当你在戈努比海滩遇到汹涌的海浪时，可以在另一个浴场进行海水浴。故选B项。B“Anyoneknowssingleparentswhocan’taffordtogettheirchild’shairdoneforschool?Iwillbraid(编辫子)itforfree!”BrittanyStarkswroteonaFacebookpost.Shedecidedtoofferherhairbraidingservicesafterafamilyfrienddeliveredbackpacksfullofschoolsupplies,clothingandshoesforCaydenandCeniyahinearlyAugust.“Atthetime,Ididn’thaveanythingformykidstostartschool,”saidStarks,whoisinbetweenhomesandstayingwithhermother.“Itmeantsomuchtome.”TheunexpectedgiftmadeabigdifferencetoStarksandherchildren,anditmotivatedhertopayitforward.Starks,whoworkstworeceptionistjobs,alsobraidshairpart-time.“Thehair-braidingprocessinvolveswashing,blow-drying,andfinallydividingthehairintosmallsectionsandbraidingit.Italsorequiresmultiplesupplies—includingcombs,brushes,hairjamandadditionalpiecesofhairtoweavein.Itcostsanywherefrom$150to$400atasalon(美发厅),dependingonthestyle,”Stacksexplained.“Butitcanlastformonthsandisahugetimesaverinthemornings.”WhenshewrotetheFacebookpost,sheassumedonlyahandfulofpeoplewouldreachout,butbeforesheknewit,shehad35appointmentsbooked.HerFacebookinboxwassuddenlyfullofmessagesfromsingleparents,whosestoriesofhardshipandfinancialchallengesmirroredherown.“There’sahugeneedforthis.Icouldreallyrelatetoalotofthewomenwhoreachedout,anditmademerealizethatwhatIwasdoingwasreallyimportant,”saidStacks.“Whatgotmethemostwasseeingthekidssmile.”Giventhattherewaslessthantwoweeksbeforethestartofschool,Starksknewsheneededtoenlisthelp.4.WhatgotBrittanyStarkstoofferherhairbraidingservice?A.ApostonFacebook. B.Herfriend’stimelyhelp.C.Hermother’sadvice. D.Atriptoherkids’school.5.WhatdoesStarkssayabouthairbraiding?A.It’sabitdear. B.It’stime-wasting.C.It’saneasyjob. D.It’samother’sduty.6HowdoesStarksfeelabouttheresponsetoherFacebookpost?A.Ratherdisturbing. B.Beyondexpectation.C.Farfromsatisfactory. D.Verydisappointing.7.WhatcanweinferaboutBrittanyStarksfromthetext?A.Sheissinglewithonechild. B.Sheisambitiousandarbitrary.C.Sheisinneedofhelpinghands. D.Sheisfreefromfinancialworries.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了单亲妈妈BrittanyStarks伸出援手，为那些支付不起孩子编头发家庭的孩子免费编辫子的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段关键句“Shedecidedtoofferherhairbraidingservicesafterafamilyfrienddeliveredbackpacksfullofschoolsupplies,clothingandshoesforCaydenandCeniyahinearlyAugust.“Atthetime,Ididn’thaveanythingformykidstostartschool,”saidStarks”（8月初，家里的一个朋友给凯登和塞尼亚送去了装满学习用品、衣服和鞋子的背包，之后她（斯塔克斯）就决定提供编辫子服务。“当时，我没有任何东西供孩子上学，”斯塔克斯说）和第三段“TheunexpectedgiftmadeabigdifferencetoStarksandherchildren,anditmotivatedhertopayitforward.”（这个意想不到的礼物对斯塔克斯和她的孩子们产生了巨大的影响，也激励她把它传递下去。）可知，朋友的及时帮助让BrittanyStarks开始她的编辫子服务。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段Starks的话“Thehair-braidingprocessinvolveswashing,blow-drying,andfinallydividingthehairintosmallsectionsandbraidingit.Italsorequiresmultiplesupplies—includingcombs,brushes,hairjamandadditionalpiecesofhairtoweavein.Itcostsanywherefrom$150to$400atasalon(美发厅),dependingonthestyle,”（编发过程包括清洗、吹干，最后将头发分成小块编发。它还需要多种用品，包括梳子、刷子、发卡和额外的头发来编织。费用从150美元到400美元沙龙(美发厅)，根据不同的风格）可推知，编辫子并不是简单的事情，还有一点小贵。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“WhenshewrotetheFacebookpost,sheassumedonlyahandfulofpeoplewouldreachout,butbeforesheknewit,shehad35appointmentsbooked.”（当她在Facebook上发帖时，她以为只有少数人会联系她，但在她知道之前，她已经被预约了35次。）及“HerFacebookinboxwassuddenlyfullofmessagesfromsingleparents”（她的Facebook收件箱突然塞满了来自单亲父母的信息）可知，Starks认为Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句“There’sahugeneedforthis.”（这有巨大的需求。）及“Giventhattherewaslessthantwoweeksbeforethestartofschool,Starksknewsheneededtoenlisthelp.”（考虑到离开学不到两周的时间，斯塔克斯知道她需要寻求帮助。）可推知，Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己的服务。故选C项。CTimewas,beingcalled“nerd(书呆子)”wasabadthing.Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”JanesaidtheriseoftheInternetcertainlyhelpedblossom,connectingpeoplewithcommoninterestsacrossgeographies.Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.“Ithasmadebeinganerdlessofanisolatingexperience,andmoreofacommunityexperiencebecauseyou’reconnectingwithotherpeoplewhohavethatsharedinterest,”shesaid.Holladay,theco-curator(副馆长),spokeupinameetingaboutwhatthecomingexhibitionseasonwouldlooklike.“IknewofanothernerdyexhibitionthathadhappenedinLArecently...andIjustthought‘youknow,Ibettherearenerdyartistsonthe(Olympic)PeninsulaandinWashingtonwhohavereallyqualitywork,wherethesubjectmattermightnotfitintomostexhibits’,”shesaid.Andshewasn’tsurprisedwhentheyreceivedplentyofrecommendations.“Mytheorywasthatnerdsareeverywhere,”shesaid.“OnceIgotintouchwiththerightpeople,everyonewascomingoutofthewoodwork.”Theexhibitfeaturescomicart,andthingslikePokemoncardsarrangedinacollage(拼贴画).Oneworkinvitesviewerstoimaginetheuniquetalentsandabilitiestheyhaveassuperpowerstheybringtotheworld.Holladaysaystheevolutionoftheideaofnerdculturehasbeenpositiveoverthepastseveralyears.8.WhatisSarahJane’sattitudetowards“nerds”?A.Neutral. B.Critical. C.Appreciative. D.Uncaring.9.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothepopularityofnerdculture?A.People’svaryingviewsofnerd.B.Movies’greatinfluenceuponpeople.C.Thesufferingspeoplehavegonethrough.D.TheInternetconnectingpeoplewithsharedinterests.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“comingoutofthewoodwork”mean?A.Springingout. B.Gettingoutofthewoods.C.Rushingoutside. D.Expectinghighqualityofwork.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theexhibitionshowshowbeinga“nerd”becomesgood.B.Thenerdcultureisalwaysevolvingpositively.C.Manyunusualexhibitionsarescheduled.D.Anotherdifferentcultureappearsrecently.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了“书呆子”文化展览的内容。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”(现在情况有所不同了SarahJane说，她是PortAngeles艺术中心的主任，这里是3月15日的“痴迷:宅男的艺术”展览的所在地。“我认为我的大多数朋友都比我书呆子，”她说，“我的意思是‘我的朋友比我酷’的那种方式。”)”可知，SarahJane说“我的大多数朋友都比我书呆子”，就像说“我的朋友比我酷”的那种方式，这说明SarahJane对于“呆子”的态度是欣赏的，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“JanesaidtheriseoftheInternetcertainlyhelpedblossom,connectingpeoplewithcommoninterestsacrossgeographies.Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.(Jane表示，互联网的兴起肯定有助于开花结果，将不同地域具有共同利益的人们联系在一起。现在，它几乎成了主流——书呆子文化的展览充满着会议厅，漫画书中的超级英雄和科幻小说故事成了轰动一时的电影的焦点，等等。)”可知，互联网将有共同兴趣爱好的人们联系在一起，这对书呆子文化的流行贡献最大，故选D。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Andshewasn’tsurprisedwhentheyreceivedplentyofrecommendations.“Mytheorywasthatnerdsareeverywhere,”shesaid.(当他们收到大量的推荐信时，她并不感到惊讶。“我的理论是，书呆子无处不在,”她说。)”可知，Jane收到大量的推荐信，书呆子无处不在，结合上文提到的，互联网将有共同爱好的人们联系在一起，所以一旦Jane与合适的人联系，所有人就会出现，将自己的作品推荐给Jane，由此可知，画线短语“comingoutofthewoodwork”意为“出现”，与A项“Springingout.(突然冒出)”符合，故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”(现在情况有所不同了SarahJane说，她是PortAngeles艺术中心的主任，这里是3月15日的“痴迷:宅男的艺术”展览的所在地。“我认为我的大多数朋友都比我书呆子,”她说，“我的意思是‘我的朋友比我酷’的那种方式。”)”和第三段中的“Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.(现在，它几乎成了主流——书呆子文化的展览充斥着会议厅，漫画书中的超级英雄和科幻小说故事成了轰动一时的电影的焦点，等等。)”和最后一段“Theexhibitfeaturescomicart,andthingslikePokemoncardsarrangedinacollage(拼贴画).Oneworkinvitesviewerstoimaginetheuniquetalentsandabilitiestheyhaveassuperpowerstheybringtotheworld.Holladaysaystheevolutionoftheideaofnerdculturehasbeenpositiveoverthepastseveralyears.(这次展览以漫画艺术为特色，还有像口袋妖怪卡片这样的东西，被拼贴在一起。其中一部作品让观众想象他们作为超级力量带给世界的独特才能和能力。Holladay说书呆子文化的发展，在过去的几年里是积极的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了书呆子文化展览的内容，即展示了“书呆子”如何成为人们所欣赏的一种文化，故选A。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(节奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesC.doesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.NewstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。Whetheryoucan’tgetmotivatedtocleanyourhouseoryoujustaren’tfeelingmotivatedtoloseweight,alackofmotivationcanbethebiggestobstacletoreachingyourgoals.Whenyouhavenomotivationtocompleteatask,considerthepossiblereasonswhyyou’restruggling._____16_____Performsomebehavioralexperimentstoseewhichstrategiesbesthelpyoureachyourgoals.ActasIfYouFeelMotivatedActasifyoufeltmotivated,andyouractionsmaychangeyouremotions._____17_____Considerwhatyou’dbewearing,howyou’dbethinking,andwhatactionsyou’dbetaking.Then,dothesethings,andseeifyourmotivationlevelincreases._____18_____Whenyou’restrugglingwithmotivation,you’lllikelycomeupwithalonglistofreasonswhyyoushouldn’ttakeanyaction.Youmightthink,“It’llbetoohard,”or,“I’llnevergetitdoneanyway.”Thesetypesofthoughtswillkeepyoustuck.Whenyouthinkyou’regoingtofail,thinkofallthereasonswhyyoumightsucceed.There’sachancethatthingsmightworkoutbetterthanyouexpect.ManageYourTo-DoListIt’stoughtofeelmotivatedwhenyourto-dolistisoverwhelming.Ifyoufeellikethere’snohopeingettingeverythingdone,youmightnottrytodoanything.Takealookatyourto-dolist,anddetermineifit’stoolong._____19_____Youmightfindaslightchangeinyourto-dolist.Orthewayyouviewyourto-dolistwillhelpyoutoseeyourtasksasmoremanageable.Everyonestruggleswithmotivationissuesatonetimeoranother.Carefullyconsidertheunderlyingthoughtsandfeelingsthatareaffectingyourdrive.Thewayyourespondtoyourlackofmotivationiswhatmatters,however._____20_____A.ArguetheOppositeB.Beproudofwhatyouarecapableof.C.Ifso,getridoftasksthataren’tessential.D.Then,developaplantohelpmotivateyourselftogetgoing.E.Wewilldiscusshowtostaymotivatedthroughoutyourstudies.F.Bekindtoyourself,andexperimentwithstrategiesthatmotivateyou.G.Soaskyourself,“WhatwouldIbedoingrightnowifIfeltmotivated?”【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.C20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。提供了一些应对做事没有动力的方法。16题详解】根据空前“Whenyouhavenomotivationtocompleteatask,considerthepossiblereasonswhyyou’restruggling.（当你没有动力去完成一项任务时，考虑一下你为什么挣扎的可能原因。）”可知，这里建议先找到没有动力完成任务的原因，下一步再采取措施。故D项“Then,developaplantohelpmotivateyourselftogetgoing.（然后，制定一个计划来激励自己开始行动。）”符合语境。then起到顺承的作用。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前“Actasifyoufeltmotivated,andyouractionsmaychangeyouremotions.（表现得好像你有动力一样，你的行为可能会改变你的情绪。）”可知，这里建议开始表现自己有动力做事，能有积极的效果。以及空后“Considerwhatyou’dbewearing,howyou’dbethinking,andwhatactionsyou’dbetaking.Then,dothesethings,andseeifyourmotivationlevelincreases.（考虑一下你会穿什么，你会怎么想，你会采取什么行动。然后，做这些事情，看看你的动力水平是否提高了。）”，可知，这里回答了空白处的设问。故G项“Soaskyourself,“WhatwouldIbedoingrightnowifIfeltmotivated?”（所以问问你自己，“如果我感到有动力，我现在会做什么?”）”符合语境，是对下文的提问。故选G。【18题详解】空白处位于小标题位置，简洁明了，根据下文“Whenyouthinkyou’regoingtofail,thinkofallthereasonswhyyoumightsucceed.（当你觉得自己要失败的时候，想想所有你可能成功的原因。）”可知，这里建议我们从相反的角度考虑。故A项“ArguetheOpposite（相反的观点）”符合语境。故选A。【19题详解】根据空前“Takealookatyourto-dolist,anddetermineifit’stoolong.（看看你的任务清单，确定它是否太长了。）”可知，这里建议看看自己的任务清单是否太长，所以要删掉不重要的任务。故C项“Ifso,getridoftasksthataren’tessential.（如果是这样，就把那些不重要的任务丢掉。）”符合语境。ifso指代的是清单过长。故选C。【20题详解】根据空前“Everyonestruggleswithmotivationissuesatonetimeoranother.Carefullyconsidertheunderlyingthoughtsandfeelingsthatareaffectingyourdrive.Thewayyourespondtoyourlackofmotivationiswhatmatters,however.（每个人都或多或少会遇到动力问题。仔细考虑影响你动力的潜在想法和感受。然而，你应对缺乏动力的方式才是最重要的。）”可知，这里建议最重要的是应对缺乏动力采取什么方式。故F项“Bekindtoyourself,andexperimentwithstrategiesthatmotivateyou.（善待自己，尝试一些能激励自己的策略。）”符合语境。提出了应对缺乏动力可以尝试激励策略。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15分，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。LastMonday,toprepareapicnic,Idecidedtogointoasuperstorewhichwasonmywayhome.Iparkedmycarinthebigparkinglotandwentintothesuperstore.Itwasahugeone,___21___onto2storiesand200,000+squarefeet.After45minutesofshoppingtojustgetsometomatoes,cheeseand3toothpicks,Iarrivedatthecashierline,thoughtfulandabit___22___bythetimeIspenttoget3___23___.IwonderedwhyIdidnotgotoasmalllocalstore.After15minutesofwaitingintheline,thewomaninfrontofmecalledme,“Hey...youhaveonly3articles?Comeandtakemy___24___.Ihavewaymorearticlesthanyou!”Itwasn’tthefirsttimeithappenedtome.Butherintentionwas___25___,aswellaswashersmile(shedidnotwearanymask,soIcouldseeit).Notknowingwhatelsetodo,Iacceptedher___26___.Wechattedabitwaitingforthecustomersaheadofustofinish—shewasincredibly___27___.ThenIthankedher,givingherbackmybrightestsmile(althoughIwaswearingamask...).___28___mycar,Irethoughtaboutthatgoodmoment,andrealizedthatshe___29___myday.Inthemeantime,Iwonderedhowto___30___itbacktoher.No___31___itwasquiteimpossible,soIconsideredhowtopayitforwardtosomeoneelse.Whiledriving,Irealizedthatshesavedme10minutes.And___32___Iwasdrivingat70mph,Ireducedmyspeedto55mph.Myfuel___33___dramaticallydroppeddownby35%.___34___,Irelostpartofthe10minutesthatthewomanofferedme,butitwasawayto___35___heranddoasmallthingfortheenvironment.21.A.spreading B.covering C.turning D.taking22.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.discouraged D.contented23.A.foods B.copies C.passages D.articles24.A.seat B.place C.advice D.chance25.A.awkward B.fancy C.irresistible D.familiar26.A.standing B.offering C.suffering D.talking27.A.pleasant B.reliable C.confident D.powerful28.A.Gettingoff B.Gettingthrough C.Gettingawayfrom D.Gettingbackin29.A.ruined B.satisfied C.made D.filled30.A.answer B.give C.bring D.hold31.A.doubt B.wonder C.need D.sense32.A.after B.once C.since D.while33.A.devotion B.assumption C.consumption D.description34.A.Unexpectedly B.Admittedly C.Surprisedly D.Disappointedly35.A.recall B.help C.appreciate D.repay【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.C26.B27.A28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在超市结账时，一位女士主动让作者先结账，这让作者很开心，所以作者想着怎样回报她。最后，作者为环境做了点小事，作为回报那位女士的方式。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个巨大的超市，延伸到2层楼，20万平方英尺。A.spreading延伸；B.covering占（一片面积）；C.turning转动；D.taking获取。根据空格后的“onto2stories”可知，这家超市一定是从一楼延伸到二楼。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了45分钟购物，只买了一些西红柿、奶酪和3根牙签。当我来到收银台时，我想了想，又为自己花在买东西上的时间感到有点气馁。A.embarrassed尴尬；B.delighted高兴的；C.discouraged气馁的；D.contented知足的。根据空格后的“bythetimeIspent

”和下一句“IwonderedwhyIdidnotgotoasmalllocalstore.”可知，作者对在大超市花那么多时间买这些东西感到气馁。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我花了45分钟购物，只买了一些西红柿、奶酪和3根牙签。当我来到收银台时，我想了想，又为自己花在买东西上的时间感到有点气馁。A.foods食品；B.copies副本；C.passages通道；D.articles物件。根据下一段中的“Hey...youhaveonly3articles?

”可知，此处应该用articles，指的是作者买的三样东西。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：来接替我的位置。A.seat座椅；B.place位置；C.advice建议；D.chance机会。根据句意和空格前的动词take可知，此处是考查固定短语takeone’splace（代替某人）。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她的意图是不可抗拒的，她的微笑也是不可抗拒的(她没有戴任何面具，所以我能看到)。A.awkward尴尬的；B.fancy太花哨的；C.irresistible不可抗拒的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据下一句“Notknowingwhatelsetodo,Iacceptedher6.”可知，作者认为他是无法抵抗这位女士的提议的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道还能做什么，只好接受了她的提议。A.standing站立；B.offering主动提出；C.suffering受折磨；D.talking说话。根据上一段的句子“Come