Unit3 Message of the Land现代大学英语精读1

MessageoftheLandPiraSudham12021/6/27materialinthetoplayerofthesurfaceoftheearthinwhichplantscangrow

土地territoryoverwhichruleorcontrolisexercised国土thesolidpartoftheearth'ssurface陆地earth是相对于天空或太空而言的“地面”;land是指地球表面相对于海洋而言时的“地面”ground指人们在上面行走的地面或具有一定面积限度的空地。soil主要表示栽培植物的“土壤”,也可引申为“国土,国度”。Questions52021/6/27"IfIhadnotleftmyvillagethen,Iwouldhavebeensubject,likemostvillagers,tothemercyofnature:floods,drought,disease,ignoranceandscarcity.Withendurance,Iwouldhaveacceptedthemasmyownfate,assomethingIcannotgoagainstinthislife.”"InmymindIcarrymemoriesofchildhood,oflifeinvillages,muchasapregnantwomancarryingachild.Everydaytheseimagesgrow,andIknowthatonedayIshallhavetogivebirthtothemthroughthemediumofwriting.Besides,Idon'twantpeopleinourvillages,sofarremovedfromotherpeoplesbecauseofdistanceandpoverty,tobeborn,sufferandtodieinvain."PiraSudham'sOwnWords:

142021/6/27Bangkok

Bangkok,isthecapitalandlargestcityofThailand.Bangkokisoneofthefastest-growing,mosteconomicallydynamicandsociallyprogressivecitiesinSoutheastAsia.Butitsuffersfromsocialproblemsasaresultofitsrapidgrowth.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.152021/6/27BangkokBangkokistheeconomiccenterofThailand.Tourismisamajorsourceofrevenue.ThecitycontainsmanyBuddhisttemples(knowninThaiasWats),Thecityisafamousjewelrycenter,buyingandsellingsilverandbronzeware162021/6/27172021/6/27ThaiBuddhismBuddhismisThailand'smainreligion.94%ofThaipeopleareBuddhist.BuddhismislinkedwiththehistoricalIndianprince,SiddhartaGautama（释迦牟尼）,whobecametheBuddhaandreachedtheenlightenment.Nowhisteachingsarestillfollowed.Histeachingssaythatpeoplesufferbecausetheyareattachedtomaterialthings,towomenormenbyheartlinks.Theselinkscausesuffer,jealousyandpain.Peopleareneversatisfied,i.e.theywantmoremoney,morepower.TheaimofBuddhismistogetridofthesepainsandoftheselinks.182021/6/27ThaiBuddhism

Ifyouhavedonegooddeedsinyourlife,nextlifewillbebetter.Ifyouhavedonebaddeeds,nextlifewillbeharsh.192021/6/27MonksinThailand

Monks’lifeisbasedon227monastic[mə'næstɪk]僧侣的rulesand5majorprecepts,i.e.nosex,nolies,norobbery,noalcohol,nokilling.Aboyisnotamanifhehasn‘tbeenamonkonceinhislife.EventheKingofThailandRama9（罗摩）

hadbeenamonkforonemonth.Inolddaysthisperiodwasthreemonths.Nowitcanbeonlyafewweeksorafewdays.202021/6/27MonksinThailand

Somefamiliesstillrefusetomarrytheirdaughterifthefuturehusbandhasn'teverbeenamonk.Itmeansthatheisn'tripeenough.Aboythatbecomesamonkforafewmonthsismakingareallygoodactiontowardshisparents.Inabus,seatsinthebackarereservedtomonks.Ifawomanissittingthere,sheshouldleavebecauseawomancannottouchamonk.212021/6/27ChangesinfamilyChangesinthevillage

Thewife’scomplaintsThefarmer’scomplaintsNoneofthechildrenwillcomebacktoinherittheland.Greed,anger,andlustaretherootofallevils.Noyoungmanwillcarewhatmessagethelandgives.thelossoftraditionalvaluesandthewayoflifeAllfourchildrenwentaway.Childrenwearjeansinstead.

nobarter,butcashnopay-freehelpplasticthingsinsteadonlytheoldonthelandnopracticeoftheoldcustomsnorespectfortheoldTextAnalysisTheme262021/6/27What’sthemessageoftheland?ForfurtherdiscussionIt’sourhistory,ourculture,ourtraditionandourlife.Inaword,itisourrootwhichwecannotlivewithout.TextAnalysisTheme272021/6/27TextAnalysisLanguageStyleColloquialismSmallandsimplewordsShortsentencesStraightforwardlanguageFiguresofspeechusedtoachievevivid,expressiveandappropriatedescriptionSimile:MetaphorPersonificationZeugma292021/6/27TextAnalysisLanguageStyleSimile:…itislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.Metaphor:

…thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.Personification:Ourpieceoflandissmall,anditisnolongerfertile,bleedingyearafteryearand,likeus,gettingoldandexhausted.Zeugma:

Thesoilisnotdifficulttotillwhenthereisalotofrain,butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourhearts,too.302021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-herfamilyandtheirlands(1-3)322021/6/27TextAnalysisThewifehasalreadyregardedthelandaspartofherlife.Thisisthelandwhereherparentsandforefatherslivedanditisboundwithfamilyhistoryandtradition.Itrepresentstherootofherfamily.5.Thewifemakesabriefintroductionofherfamilyandtellsushowallherfourchildrenleftforcities.Shefeelssorryaboutthisandshealsofeelssorryabouttheland.Thelandisnolongerfertile,likeherandherhusband,gettingoldandexhausted.342021/6/27TextAnalysisWords&Phrasesforefather:n.(pl)thepeoplewhowerepartofyourfamilyalongtimeagointhepastSynonyms:ancestor,Opposites:descendant,offspringe.g.Manyyearsagoourforefathersestablishedthisnation.362021/6/271.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(as—subjectoftheclause)2.Asisoftenthecase,girlslearnalanguagemorequicklythanboys.(as—subjectoftheclause)TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase382021/6/27TextAnalysis2.Diein:someplacefrom:becauseofsth.outspace,disease,cold外因Of:hunger,old人体之上e.g.diefromearthquakedieofillnessWords&Phrases392021/6/27TextAnalysis3.infancy:

n.a.earlychildhood b.earlystageofdevelopmentorgrowthExamples:Inthepast,manychildrendiedininfancy.HecametoEnglandinhisinfancy.Theresearchstretchedfromtheinfancyofradiobroadcastingthroughtotoday.Geneticengineeringisstillinitsinfancy.a. infantilen.infantWordformationsWords&Phrases402021/6/27 Therest,twoboysandtwogirls,wentawayassoonaswecouldaffordtobuyjeansforthem.(1)Ourotherchildren—twoboysandtwogirls—leftassoonaswehadthemoneytobuythemjeans.appositiveof“therest”

theremainingpeople;theothersExamplesTextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase412021/6/27Yourfather,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,broughthimmanyfriends.3.Adrylightningstorm,thatis,athunderstormwithoutrain,startedafireinaremotepartoftheforestinAugust.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase422021/6/274.afford:v.a.tohaveenoughmoney/timetodosth.b.(withcan/could)torunariskbydoingsth.经得住，承受得住c.(fml.)toprovide;giveClassifythefollowingwordsinto3groupsaccordingtoa,bandc.affordanewcar

affordthishighpriceaffordtherent

affordaclueto

affordachance

affordapleasantshade

(can’t)affordtoneglectone’sworkaacccbbTextAnalysisWords&Phrases432021/6/275.agency:代理机构anemploymentagency职业介绍所Atraveller‘sagency旅行社Agent代理人/商；经纪人AhouseagentAlaw–agentTextAnalysisWords&Phrases442021/6/276.nowandthen:nowandagain;occasionally;fromtimetotimeExamples:Nowandthenweheardshotsinthewoods.Heloseshistempernowandthen,butnotoften.Ihearfromhimeverynowandthen.Hereandthere起伏地，详尽地Upsanddowns沉浮，盛衰Theinsandouts种种复杂详情TextAnalysisWords&Phrases452021/6/27Lesson3-MessageoftheLand

4.

7.bully

v.a.tothreatentohurtsomeoneorfrightenthem,especiallysomeonesmallerorweaker恐吓，以强凌弱 b.toputpressureonsomeoneinordertomakethemdowhatyouwant迫使，逼迫

Examples:Thechildwasbulliedalmostoutofitslife.Don'tletthembullyyouintoworkingonSaturdays.MoremeaningsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis462021/6/27

alocalbully

playthebully

abullyidea

abullygooddinner

Bullyforyou!bullyboyLesson3-MessageoftheLandTranslation土豪横行霸道，恃强欺弱绝妙的主意极其丰盛的饭菜干得好！(受人雇佣且尤指与政治集团有关的）流氓，打手Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis472021/6/278.insult：v.tooffendsomeonebysayingordoingsomethingtheythinkisrudeExamples:IhopeAndywon'tbeinsultedifIdon'tcome.Sheinsultedhimbycallinghimacoward.Youinsultmyintelligencewithyourcrudemethods!(=tosayordosomethingthatsuggestsyouthinksomeoneisstupid)n.insulta.insultingn.insulterWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis482021/6/279.pierce：v.a.tomakeasmallholewithasharppoint刺穿b.(ofcold,pain,sound)toforceawayinto

使心如刀割

c.toforceawaythroughsomething穿透（光，声音）Examples:Shehadherearspiercedinordertobeabletowearearrings.Hershriekspiercedthesilence.Hermemoriessometimespiercedherheart.Ourforcespiercedthroughtheenemy’slines.Pierceone’sheart：tomakeonefeelverysada.pierceda.piercingWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis492021/6/27FigureofspeechSimileExamplesAsimileisabriefcomparison,usuallyintroducedbythepreposition“like”ortheconjunction“as”,as...as,than,asif,asthoughandetc.

Asimileconsistsoftwoparts:tenorandvehicle.Thetenoristheprimarysubject;thevehicleisthethingtowhichthemainsubjectiscomparedto.Eg:-Omylove’slikeared,redrose.RobertBurns-Jimwasascunningasanoldfox.502021/6/27TheendofSimile.

subject/tenorsimilemarkerreference/vehicleRecords(fell)likeripeapples(onawindyday.)Thedataprocessing(isgoingon)as(slow)asasnail.

1.Sometimes,theygetbulliedandinsulted,anditislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.(2)Figureofspeech512021/6/27 It’seasierformyhusband.Hehasearswhichdon’thear,amouthwhichdoesn’tspeak,andeyesthatdon’tsee.(2)Newsaboutmychildren’sproblemsdoesn’tmakemyhusbandassadasme.Hedoesn’tbotheraboutwhatishappeningaroundusandtoourchildren.Heneversaysanythingaboutthem.restrictiverelativeclause

parallelstructureQuestions:Doesthewifereallymeanthatherhusbandisdeaf,dumbandblind?TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase522021/6/27 Hehasalwaysbeenpatientandsilent,mindinghisownlife.(2)presentparticiplephrasefunctioningasadverbialofaccompanyingcircumstances

He’salwaysbeenpatientandtalkslittle.Hejustdoeshisdutyandcarriesonhislife.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase532021/6/27

totakecareofone’s…Examples:WillyoumindmybagwhileIbuymyticket?Iwasmindingmyownworkwhenherushedin.Myfatherwasjustdrivingalong,mindinghisownbusiness,whensuddenlyabrickcamethroughthewindow.2.10.mindone’sown…“mind”phrases

Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis542021/6/27mindone’sownbusinessmindone’sownp’sandq’s

mindone’smannersmindyourfootingmindyourbackMindhowyougo.

别管闲事注意举止言行注意举止行为小心，站稳了当心；让开（道别时说）您慢走。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis552021/6/2711.inspiteof:withoutbeingaffectedorpreventedbysomethingExamples:Butinspiteofthehardships,realeffortsandprogressarebeingmade.Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.Kellylovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.SimilarexpressionsregardlessofdespiteWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis562021/6/27Wordformations12.fertile:adj.

a.(ofland,plants)producingmuchb.(ofaperson,hismind)fullofideas,plansc.afertilesituationisoneinwhichsomethingcaneasilydevelopandsucceedn.fertilityv.fertilizen.fertilizerfertilizablea.infertileExamplesWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis572021/6/27

Examples:Thisshrublikessunandwateraswellasafertilewell-drainedsoil.afertileimagination/mind/brainHeisalwaysfertileinnewplans.Thatperiodhadmadethecityafertilenewsgroundforfreelancerssuchasmyself.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis582021/6/2713.bleed:v.a.toloseblood,esp.becauseofaninjury b.toforcesomeonetopayanunreasonableamountofmoneyoveraperiodoftimeExamples:Tragically,shebledtodeath.Adeepcutonherwristwasbleedingprofusely/heavily.Marciabledhimforeverypennyhehad.Thesoldiersarereadytobleedfortheircountry.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis592021/6/27Theysentustheirstatement,hopingtogetoursupport.Theywentonwiththeirstruggle,thinkingtheirswasajustcause.3.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.4.Thedoctor,notwishingtomakehernervous,didnotfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.Presentparticiplephrasesactasadverbialsofcause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase612021/6/27Figureofspeech

personificationReferringtoinanimatethingsorabstractionsasiftheywerehuman.Personificationisreallyaspecialkindofmetaphor.e.g.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchedbymerrymood.HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear!Thepurposeofpersonificationistoexplain,toexpand,andtovivify.622021/6/27Itwasthepolicemanthat/whocaughtapickpocketonNo.933busyesterday.(Thesubjectisemphasized.)ItwasapickpocketthatthepolicemancaughtonNo.933busyesterday.(Theobjectisemphasized.)3.It

wasonNo.933busthatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketyesterday.

(Theadverbialofplaceisemphasized.)4.ItwasyesterdaythatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketonNo.933bus.

(Theadverbialoftimeisemphasized.)Theemphaticstructure“Itis/was…that…”canbeusedtoemphasizeanypartofthesentenceexceptthepredicate.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase642021/6/27Zeugma:asinglewordismadetomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence1.Thesenatorpickeduphishat

aswellas

hiscourage.2.COATTAILS:Clothesthatfittheman

and

thetimes.(Advert.InNewYorkTimesMagazine,1980)3.MissBolorosefromthetableconsiderablyagitated,andwentstraighthome,inafloodoftearsandasedanchair.4.Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDana

ofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.MoreexamplesFigureofspeech652021/6/27Zeugma:moreexamplesTheendofZeugma.Zeugmaisacomicfigureofspeech.AtitsbestZeugmaiswittyandamusing,anditincreasesmeaningbyrevealinghiddenconnections.5.Shehadtoswallow

breadandbutterandaspasmofemotion.6.Hefoughtwith

desperationandastoutclub.7.Yesterdayhehad

ablueheartandcoat.8.Igotupyesterdayandmanagedtocatch

abus

andacold.9.…oldpeoplegatheringinthesocialhallfor

comradeshipandahotlunch.Figureofspeech662021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartI:thewife’sspeech-changesinthevillagethatshedisliked(4-7)672021/6/27ChangesinthevillagesinEsarnInthePastNowWaypeoplebuythingsSocialrelationshipamongvillagersThingsusedbythevillagersViewsonfashionAttitudestowardsmonks,templesRelationshipbetweenparentsandkidsbarterforthingscashneighborshelptobuildhouses,reappriceordigwellpaymoneyforitfinebamboopieces,villagecraftsplasticthings,plasticbagsneverwenttohairdresser,paintedlipsornailssellpigsandwaterbuffalotobuyapairofjeansofferfoodtothemonksandgototempleregularlyleavethesethingstooldpeoplecondemnedungratefulson,andgivehimagoodbeatingshoutandscreamathismotherBack692021/6/274.

1.barter…for

v.toexchange(goods,property,etc.)forothergoods,etc.withoutusingmoneybartersthforsth:barterwithsbforsth:Examples:Ihadtobarterwiththelocalsforfood.

Inthelocalmarket,meatandvegetablesarebarteredforelectricalgoods.Theprisonerstriedtobarterwiththeguardsfortheirfreedom.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis722021/6/27

2.replace:v. a.totaketheplaceofb.togetanewoneforsth.brokenorstolenc.toputbackinitsplaceExamples:Lectureshavereplacedtheoldtutorialsystem.I'llreplacethevaseIbrokeassoonaspossible.Hereplacedthebookontheshelf.a.replaceablen.replacementWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis732021/6/273.litter:v.tomakeuntidywithscatteredrubbish

n.lightrubbish(bitsofpaper,wrappings)Examples:Thedeskwaslitteredwithpapers.Iamtiredofpickinguplitterthrownbyotherpeople.Peoplewhodroplittercanbefinedinsomecities.SynonymsrubbishgarbagetrashWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis742021/6/27toappear,develop,grow,etc.quicklyorsuddenlyExamples:

Newhouseswerespringingupalloverthetown.

Dozensofwebsiteshavesprunguptoprovideinformationfortravelers.Newdot-comcompaniesarespringingupallthetime.5.

4.springupSimilarexpressionscomeintobeing/existencearisebeborn“spring”phrases

Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis752021/6/27springtoone’sfeetspringtosb’sassistancespringtomindspringintofamespringtolifespringoutofbedspringasurpriseonsb.springuplikemushroomsspringfromaristocracy一跃而起十万火急地赶去救援某人在脑海中突然闪现一举成名焕发生机从床上跳起来使某人大吃一惊雨后春笋般地涌现出身于贵族TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis762021/6/27Themen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsofthestruggleoftheminers.Apost-modifyingpastparticiplephrasecorrespondstoanellipticalrelativeclause.TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase782021/6/275.fashionable:a.

a.popular,esp.forashortperiodoftimeb.popularwith,orusedby,richpeopleOppositeunfashionableExamples:

Strongcolorsareveryfashionableatthemoment.

Itsuddenlybecamefashionableforpoliticianstotalkaboutgreenissues.HerunsaveryfashionablerestaurantneartheHarbor.Wordformationfashion(n.)RelatedphrasesTobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis792021/6/27afterafashion

afterthefashionof

comeintofashion

followthefashion

gooutoffashion

in(the)fashionmakefashionoutof(the)fashionseta(the)fashionbeallthefashion

勉强，马马虎虎像，跟……一样；模仿开始风行赶时髦不再风行合于时尚装装样子不合时尚开创新时尚

(服装，举止等）极时髦，风行一时TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis802021/6/27

strikesb.ontheheadpoverty-strickenareastrikefear/terrorintosb’sheart

strikeablowagainst/to/atstrikeabalancebetweenstrikeabargain/dealstrikeamatch

strikeoil/goldstrikeanameoutfromtheliststrikeapose/anattitudeThesolutionstruckmeimmediately.

打中某人的头贫困区使某人产生害怕／恐惧给予一击在……之间达成平衡成交划火柴发现石油／金矿从名单上把名字划去摆姿势／态度我立刻想到这个解决办法。TranslationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis822021/6/277.tendto:tobeinclinedto;haveadirectionExamples:Peopletendtoneedlesssleepastheygetolder.Youngchildrentendtogetsickmoreoftenthanadults.Recentstudiesshowthatgirlstendtobebetteratlanguagesthanboys.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis832021/6/278.shameExamples:Itwasacrying/great/terribleshamethattheylostthegame."Pleasedon'ttellmydadaboutthis,"hesaid,blushingwithshame.He'sbroughtshameonthewholefamily.IbowmyheadinshamewhenIthinkofhowItreatedher.

n.a.sadordisappointingfeelingb.guiltyorembarrassingfeelinga.shamefula.ashameda.shamelessv.shameWordformationsWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis842021/6/279.Shoutatsb.:tospeakloudly,oftenangrilytosb.

Shouttosb.:tospeakloudly

e.g.

Heoftenshoutedathiswife,andthisupsether.

TomshoutedtoJacktopasstheball.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis852021/6/2710.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis862021/6/27

tohitsb.asapunishmentExamples:Hisfathertookhimtothebarnandgavehimagoodbeating.Oursoldiersgavetheenemyathoroughbeating.11.givesb.a(good/…)beatingSimilarexpressionsbeatspanksmack/slapwhip/flogcorporalpunishmentWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis872021/6/27 IfthatkindofthinghadhappenedwhenIwasyoung,thewholevillagewouldhavecondemnedsuchanungratefulson,andhisfatherwouldsurelyhavegivenhimagoodbeating.(6)Inmydayifaboyhadscreamedathismother,thewholevillagewouldhavescoldedhimforhislackofgratitude,andhisfatherwouldcertainlyhavepunishedhim.subjunctivemoodExercise:P63TextAnalysisSentenceParaphrase882021/6/27withreferenceto(sometimessuggestingindifferenceorcontempt)Examples:

Asforyou,Ineverwanttoseeyouhereagain.

Asfortheburglar,heescapedthroughthewindow.

Asformypast,I’mnottellingyouanything.8.

12.asfor“as”phrases至于，关于Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis892021/6/27Cf.asagainstasfromasgoodasasitis/wasasitwereasregardsastoCf.与……比较，与……相对照自……起与……几乎一样；实际上等于实际上可以说，在某种程度上就……而论，按照，依照关于，至于Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis902021/6/27ifanideaorthoughtoccurstoyou,itsuddenlycomesintoyourmindExamples:Isupposeitdidn'toccurtoyoutophonethepolice.Itneverseemstooccurtomychildrentocontactme.Ithadneveroccurredtohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.9.

13.occurtoSimilarexpressionshaveanideahaveathoughtcrosssb’smindentersb’smindstrikecome/springtomindWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis922021/6/27

averythinpersonoranimalExamples:Thecatwasjustabagofbones.Lackofenoughfoodreducedrefugeestobagsofbones.14.abagofbones“bone”phrases骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis932021/6/27Cf.aboneofcontention(as)dryasabone(as)hardasabonebarebonesbredinthebonecastabonebetweeninsb’sbonesfeel(it)inone’sbonesCf.争端的起因，争议点干透，十分干燥极为坚硬基本要点，梗概与生俱来的，改不掉的在……之间引起争端，离间在某人的本性中从内心（预）感到；（凭直觉）确信Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis942021/6/2715.inrags:wearingoldandwornortornclothesExamples:Hegavefivedollarstoatrampdressedinrags

andtatters.Childreninragsbeggedmoneyfromthetourists.Thereareareaswhereeverychildisinrags

andlearnstobeathieffromtheageofthree.Learnmore衣衫褴褛的Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis952021/6/27becomingveryrichafterstartingyourlifeverypoorExamples:Helikestotellpeopleofhisrisefromragstoriches.Iusedtheanalogyofafamilythatgoesfrom

ragstorichesandbacktoragsinthreeorfourgenerations.16.fromragstoriches从赤贫到巨富Words&PhrasesTextAnalysis962021/6/27MetaphorTobecontinuedonthenextpage.

Ametaphorisalsoacomparison.Thedifferenceisthatasimilecomparesthingsexplicitly—thatis,itstatesliterallythatXislikeY.Ametaphorcomparesthingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdoesnotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething,thattheyareidentical.ExamplesFigureofspeech982021/6/27Metaphor

subject/tenorreference/vehicleCapeCod(isthebaredandbended)armof(Massachusetts.)He(is)awolf(insheep’sclothing.)Figureofspeech992021/6/27

n.asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingExamples:Thescarcityofmedicalsupplieswasbecomingcritical.Theworldisenteringaperiodofproteinscarcity,thereportsays.Anindependencebaseduponanabundanceofgoodwillmaybefoundevenwheretherearescarcitiesinpowerresources.15.

17.scarcitySynonymsshortageraritydearthWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1002021/6/2714.

18.condemn

v.a.todisapprovesth.orsb.,esp.becauseyouthinkitismorallywrongb.togivejudgmentagainstExamples:Localauthoritieshavebeencondemnedforfailingtotackletheproblemofhomelessness.Thelawhasbeencondemnedasanattackonpersonalliberty.Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath.Wordformationsa.condemnedn.condemnationWords&PhrasesTextAnalysis1012021/6/27TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysis:PartII:thehusband’sspeech(8-11)1022021/6/275.Thefarmerisverytraditional.Hestillclingstotheconventionalideaofhavingabigfamilywithchildrenaroundhim.Becauseofhisstrongattachmenttotheland,hewantshischildrentofollowinhisfootstepsandbecontentwiththefarminglife.Thefarmernursesastronglovetowardstheland.Helovesthefeelingwhentillingthelandandthesmellandsightwhenthericeonthelandisripening.Hefeelssoclosetothelandthathecanevenreadthemessageoftheland.Hestronglyhopesthatonedayhecanpassontheland’ssecretmessagetohisgrandchildren.1042021/6/27 Myeyesdosee—theyseemorethantheyshould.Myearsdohear—theyhearmorethanisgoodforme.(8)I’mnotwhatmywifesaysIam.Idoseeandhear—Iseeandheartoomuchevil,toomanyuglyandterriblethings,thingsthatIwishI