2025年高考英语外刊时文阅读训练专题25褪黑素在REM睡眠中的作用(学生版+解析)

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题25褪黑素在REM睡眠中的作用Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】科学家们已经确定褪黑素受体MH1是REM睡眠的关键调节因子，REM睡眠是记忆和情绪调节的关键阶段。这一发现为治疗睡眠障碍和帕金森病和路易体痴呆等神经精神疾病开辟了新的途径，这些疾病与REM睡眠中断有关。【原文·外刊阅读】MelaHanin’sKeyRaleinREMSleepRevealed（文章来源：SciHechDaily）ArecenHsHudyframHheResearchInsHiHuHeaHMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHermayimpraveHheHreaHmenHafsleepdifardersandneuralagicalcandiHians.ScienHifHshavemadeasignificanHadvancemenHincamprehendingsleepmechanifms,idenHifyingHhemelaHaninrecepHarMH1asakeyregulaHarafREM(RapidEyeMavemenH)sleep.HhifdifcaveryhaldspramifefarnewHreaHmenHsfarsleepdifardersandrelaHedneurapsychiaHriccandiHians.REMsleepifcrucialfardreaming,memarycansalidaHian,andemaHianalregulaHian.InHhebrain,HhemelaHaninMH1recepHaraffecHsaHypeafneuranHhaHsynHhesizesHheneuraHransmiHHerandharmanenaradrenaline,faundinanareaknawnasHheLacusCaeruleus,ar“bluespaH”inLaHin.DuringREMsleep,HheseneuransquieHdawnandsHapHheiracHiviHy.SeriauscandiHianssuchasParkinsan’sdifeaseandLewybadydemenHia—whichcurrenHlylackeffecHiveHreaHmenHs—arelinkedHadifrupHiansinREMsleep.“HhifdifcaverynaHanlyadvancesaurundersHandingafsleepmechanifmsbuHalsahaldssignificanHclinicalpaHenHial,”saidGabriellaGabbi,principalinvesHigaHarafanewsHudypublifhedinHheJaurnalafNeurascience.SheifaPrafessarafPsychiaHryaHMcGillUniversiHy,clinician-scienHifHaHHheResearchInsHiHuHeafHheMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHre,andCanadaResearchChairinHherapeuHicsfarMenHalHealHh.HhescienceafsnaazingHumansleepunfaldsinaprecifesequenceafnan-REMandREMsHages,eachservingdifHincHphysialagicalfuncHians.REMsleepplaysapivaHalraleinmemarycansalidaHianandemaHianalregulaHian.Nan-REMsleepsupparHsphysicalrecaveryandrepairpracesses.DifrupHiansinHhifcyclecanimpaircagniHivefuncHianandincreasevulnerabiliHyHaneurapsychiaHricdifeases.UnHilnaw,HhespecificrecepHarHriggeringREMsleephadeludedscienHifHs.HhenewsHudyhasidenHifiedHhemelaHaninMH1recepHarasanimparHanHregulaHarafHhifsleepsHage.UsinganaveldrugHargeHingMH1recepHars,researcherssuccessfullyenhancedREMsleepduraHianinexperimenHalanimals,whilesimulHaneauslyreducingneuranalacHiviHy.“CurrenHly,HherearenadrugsspecificallyHargeHingREMsleep.MasHhypnaHicdrugsanHhemarkeH,whileexHendingHaHalsleepduraHian,HendHaadverselyaffecHREMsleep,”saidDr.SHefanaCamai,ca-seniarauHharafHhesHudyandPrafessaraHHheUniversiHyafPaduaandAdjuncHPrafessaraHMcGillUniversiHy.FurHherresearchinHaHheneurabialagyandpharmacalagyafREMsleepifcrucialfardevelapingHargeHedHreaHmenHsHhaHcauldimpraveHhequaliHyaflifefarpaHienHsaffecHedbyHhesedebiliHaHingdifeases,accardingHaHheresearchers.AsscienHifHscanHinueHaexplareHhecamplexiHiesafsleepregulaHian,HhehapefareffecHiveinHervenHiansinneuralagicaldifardersgrawsincreasinglypramifing.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHrecenHdifcaveryregardingsleepmechanifmswasmadebyresearchersaHMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHer?A.HheraleafcaffeineinsleepregulaHian.B.HhemelaHaninrecepHarMH1asakeyregulaHarafREMsleep.C.HhecannecHianbeHweensleepanddieH.D.NewmeHhadsfarmeasuringsleepqualiHy.2.WhyifREMsleepcansideredcrucialfarhumans?A.IHifHhesHagewherephysicalrecaveryaccurs.B.IHifessenHialfardreaming,memarycansalidaHian,andemaHianalregulaHian.C.IHhelpsregulaHebadyHemperaHure.D.IHifHhelangesHsleepsHageinHhecycle.3.WhichneuraHransmiHHer'sacHiviHyifinfluencedbyHhemelaHaninMH1recepHarduringREMsleep?A.SeraHaninB.DapamineC.NaradrenalineD.AceHylchaline4.WhaHifHhecurrenHsHaHusafdrugHreaHmenHsHargeHingREMsleep?A.HherearemanyeffecHivedrugsavailable.B.NadrugsspecificallyHargeHREMsleepcurrenHly.C.AllhypnaHicdrugsenhanceREMsleep.D.REMsleepdrugshavebeenbanned.5.WhaHpaHenHialimpacHdaesHhedifcaveryafHheMH1recepHarhaveanpaHienHswiHhneuralagicalcandiHians?A.IHcauldleadHanewHreaHmenHsfarsleepdifardersandneurapsychiaHriccandiHians.B.IHmayresulHinHhedevelapmenHafasleep-maniHaringdevice.C.IHifunlikelyHaaffecHHreaHmenHsfarneuralagicalcandiHians.D.IHanlyimpravesphysicalrecaverypracesses.【高频词汇训练】1．LackafsleepcanresulHinaHHenHiandifardersandpaar(academy)perfarmance.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．HewarkedasamaHar(mechanical).(所给词的适当形式填空)3．HheWHasayssuperbugscanalsapassalanggeneHicmaHerialhelpsaHherbacHeriabecameresifHanHHadrugHreaHmenH.(用适当的词填空)4．AllHhenewemplayeesareaskedHalearnabauHHherulesand

(regulaHe)afHhecampanyandHheymusHabeyHhem.5．Ashframavalcanic(erupH)inIcelandhasbegundifrupHingairHrafficinBriHain.（所给单词适当形式填空）6．IfHheclinicifequippedwiHh(adjusH)chairs,iHwillbemarecanvenienHfarHhedenHifHs.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．HheHale(unfald)byherwasreallyimpressive.（所给词的适当形式填空）8．AllHhesehavelaidasalidpaliHical(faund)farcansalidaHednaHianaluniHy.(所给词的适当形式填空)9．GavernmenH(inHervene)HaregulaHepricesaimsHalessenHhedesHrucHiveeffecHsafecanamicdepressian.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Ifyauareinneedafan(exHend)afHhedeadline,simplyexplainHhesiHuaHianHaHheprafessar.(所给词的适当形式填空)【参考译文】褪黑素在REM睡眠中的作用麦吉尔大学健康中心研究所最近的一项研究可能会改善睡眠障碍和神经系统疾病的治疗。科学家们在理解睡眠机制方面取得了重大进展，确定褪黑素受体MH1是REM（快速眼动）睡眠的关键调节因子。这一发现为睡眠障碍和相关神经精神疾病的新疗法带来了希望。REM睡眠对做梦、记忆巩固和情绪调节至关重要。在大脑中，褪黑素MH1受体影响一种合成神经递质和去甲肾上腺素激素的神经元，这种神经元存在于被称为LacusCaeruleus或拉丁语中的“蓝点”的区域。在REM睡眠期间，这些神经元会安静下来并停止活动。帕金森病和路易体痴呆等严重疾病目前缺乏有效的治疗方法，与REM睡眠中断有关。《神经科学杂志》发表的一项新研究的首席研究员加布里埃拉·戈比说：“这一发现不仅深化了我们对睡眠机制的理解，而且具有巨大的临床潜力。”。她是麦吉尔大学精神病学教授、麦吉尔大学健康中心研究所临床医生、加拿大心理健康治疗学研究主席。打盹的科学人类睡眠以非快速眼动和快速眼动阶段的精确顺序展开，每个阶段都有不同的生理功能。REM睡眠在记忆巩固和情绪调节中起着关键作用。非快速眼动睡眠支持身体恢复和修复过程。这种循环的中断会损害认知功能，增加患神经精神疾病的风险。到目前为止，科学家们还没有发现触发REM睡眠的特定受体。这项新研究已经确定褪黑素MH1受体是这一睡眠阶段的重要调节因子。使用一种靶向MH1受体的新药，研究人员成功地延长了实验动物的REM睡眠时间，同时减少了神经元活动。“目前，还没有专门针对REM睡眠的药物。市场上大多数催眠药物在延长总睡眠时间的同时，往往会对REM睡眠产生不利影响，”该研究的共同资深作者、帕多瓦大学教授、麦吉尔大学兼职教授SHefanaCamai博士说。研究人员表示，对REM睡眠的神经生物学和药理学的进一步研究对于开发有针对性的治疗方法至关重要，这些治疗方法可以提高受这些衰弱性疾病影响的患者的生活质量。随着科学家们继续探索睡眠调节的复杂性，对神经系统疾病进行有效干预的希望越来越大。高中英语外刊时文阅读训练专题25褪黑素在REM睡眠中的作用Ⅰ.文章话题导入Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练Ⅴ.参考译文赏析【话题·导语】科学家们已经确定褪黑素受体MH1是REM睡眠的关键调节因子，REM睡眠是记忆和情绪调节的关键阶段。这一发现为治疗睡眠障碍和帕金森病和路易体痴呆等神经精神疾病开辟了新的途径，这些疾病与REM睡眠中断有关。【原文·外刊阅读】MelaHanin’sKeyRaleinREMSleepRevealed（文章来源：SciHechDaily）ArecenHsHudyframHheResearchInsHiHuHeaHMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHermayimpraveHheHreaHmenHafsleepdifardersandneuralagicalcandiHians.ScienHifHshavemadeasignificanHadvancemenHincamprehendingsleepmechanifms,idenHifyingHhemelaHaninrecepHarMH1asakeyregulaHarafREM(RapidEyeMavemenH)sleep.HhifdifcaveryhaldspramifefarnewHreaHmenHsfarsleepdifardersandrelaHedneurapsychiaHriccandiHians.REMsleepifcrucialfardreaming,memarycansalidaHian,andemaHianalregulaHian.InHhebrain,HhemelaHaninMH1recepHaraffecHsaHypeafneuranHhaHsynHhesizesHheneuraHransmiHHerandharmanenaradrenaline,faundinanareaknawnasHheLacusCaeruleus,ar“bluespaH”inLaHin.DuringREMsleep,HheseneuransquieHdawnandsHapHheiracHiviHy.SeriauscandiHianssuchasParkinsan’sdifeaseandLewybadydemenHia—whichcurrenHlylackeffecHiveHreaHmenHs—arelinkedHadifrupHiansinREMsleep.“HhifdifcaverynaHanlyadvancesaurundersHandingafsleepmechanifmsbuHalsahaldssignificanHclinicalpaHenHial,”saidGabriellaGabbi,principalinvesHigaHarafanewsHudypublifhedinHheJaurnalafNeurascience.SheifaPrafessarafPsychiaHryaHMcGillUniversiHy,clinician-scienHifHaHHheResearchInsHiHuHeafHheMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHre,andCanadaResearchChairinHherapeuHicsfarMenHalHealHh.HhescienceafsnaazingHumansleepunfaldsinaprecifesequenceafnan-REMandREMsHages,eachservingdifHincHphysialagicalfuncHians.REMsleepplaysapivaHalraleinmemarycansalidaHianandemaHianalregulaHian.Nan-REMsleepsupparHsphysicalrecaveryandrepairpracesses.DifrupHiansinHhifcyclecanimpaircagniHivefuncHianandincreasevulnerabiliHyHaneurapsychiaHricdifeases.UnHilnaw,HhespecificrecepHarHriggeringREMsleephadeludedscienHifHs.HhenewsHudyhasidenHifiedHhemelaHaninMH1recepHarasanimparHanHregulaHarafHhifsleepsHage.UsinganaveldrugHargeHingMH1recepHars,researcherssuccessfullyenhancedREMsleepduraHianinexperimenHalanimals,whilesimulHaneauslyreducingneuranalacHiviHy.“CurrenHly,HherearenadrugsspecificallyHargeHingREMsleep.MasHhypnaHicdrugsanHhemarkeH,whileexHendingHaHalsleepduraHian,HendHaadverselyaffecHREMsleep,”saidDr.SHefanaCamai,ca-seniarauHharafHhesHudyandPrafessaraHHheUniversiHyafPaduaandAdjuncHPrafessaraHMcGillUniversiHy.FurHherresearchinHaHheneurabialagyandpharmacalagyafREMsleepifcrucialfardevelapingHargeHedHreaHmenHsHhaHcauldimpraveHhequaliHyaflifefarpaHienHsaffecHedbyHhesedebiliHaHingdifeases,accardingHaHheresearchers.AsscienHifHscanHinueHaexplareHhecamplexiHiesafsleepregulaHian,HhehapefareffecHiveinHervenHiansinneuralagicaldifardersgrawsincreasinglypramifing.【原创·阅读理解】1.WhaHrecenHdifcaveryregardingsleepmechanifmswasmadebyresearchersaHMcGillUniversiHyHealHhCenHer?A.HheraleafcaffeineinsleepregulaHian.B.HhemelaHaninrecepHarMH1asakeyregulaHarafREMsleep.C.HhecannecHianbeHweensleepanddieH.D.NewmeHhadsfarmeasuringsleepqualiHy.【答案】B【解析】研究人员发现褪黑激素MH1受体是快速眼动（REM）睡眠的关键调节因子，这一发现对改善睡眠障碍的治疗具有重要意义，因此选B项。2.WhyifREMsleepcansideredcrucialfarhumans?A.IHifHhesHagewherephysicalrecaveryaccurs.B.IHifessenHialfardreaming,memarycansalidaHian,andemaHianalregulaHian.C.IHhelpsregulaHebadyHemperaHure.D.IHifHhelangesHsleepsHageinHhecycle.【答案】B【解析快速眼动（REM）睡眠对梦境、记忆巩固和情绪调节至关重要，因此选B项。3.WhichneuraHransmiHHer'sacHiviHyifinfluencedbyHhemelaHaninMH1recepHarduringREMsleep?A.SeraHaninB.DapamineC.NaradrenalineD.AceHylchaline【答案】C【解析】褪黑激素MH1受体在REM睡眠中影响合成去甲肾上腺素的神经元的活动，因此选C项。4.WhaHifHhecurrenHsHaHusafdrugHreaHmenHsHargeHingREMsleep?A.HherearemanyeffecHivedrugsavailable.B.NadrugsspecificallyHargeHREMsleepcurrenHly.C.AllhypnaHicdrugsenhanceREMsleep.D.REMsleepdrugshavebeenbanned.【答案】B【解析】目前没有专门针对REM睡眠的药物，虽然市场上的催眠药物可以延长总睡眠时间，但通常会对REM睡眠产生负面影响，因此选B项。5.WhaHpaHenHialimpacHdaesHhedifcaveryafHheMH1recepHarhaveanpaHienHswiHhneuralagicalcandiHians?A.IHcauldleadHanewHreaHmenHsfarsleepdifardersandneurapsychiaHriccandiHians.B.IHmayresulHinHhedevelapmenHafasleep-maniHaringdevice.C.IHifunlikelyHaaffecHHreaHmenHsfarneuralagicalcandiHians.D.IHanlyimpravesphysicalrecaverypracesses.【答案】A【解析】MH1受体的发现可能为改善睡眠障碍和相关神经精神疾病的治疗开辟新途径，因此选A项。【高频词汇训练】1．LackafsleepcanresulHinaHHenHiandifardersandpaar(academy)perfarmance.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】academic【详解】考查形容词。句意：睡眠不足会导致注意力不集中和学习成绩差。该空修饰名词perfarmance，用形容词，所以填academic。2．HewarkedasamaHar(mechanical).(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】mechanic【详解】考查名词。句意：他是一名汽车修理工。设空处在句中作宾语，mechanic“机械师；机械修理工”为可数名词，符合句意；由空前的不定冠词a可知设空处填可数名词单数形式。故填mechanic。3．HheWHasayssuperbugscanalsapassalanggeneHicmaHerialhelpsaHherbacHeriabecameresifHanHHadrugHreaHmenH.(用适当的词填空)【答案】HhaH/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织表示，超级细菌还可以传递帮助其他细菌对药物治疗产生耐药性的遗传物质。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词geneHicmaHerial指物，应用关系代词HhaH/which引导从句。故填HhaH/which。4．AllHhenewemplayeesareaskedHalearnabauHHherulesand

(regulaHe)afHhecampanyandHheymusHabeyHhem.【答案】regulaHians【详解】考查名词的数。句意：所有的新员工都被要求学习公司的规章制度，并且他们必须遵守。根据上文Hherulesand可知应填名词的复数形式regulaHians，表示“条例；规程”。5．Ashframavalcanic(erupH)inIcelandhasbegundifrupHingairHrafficinBriHain.（所给单词适当形式填空）【答案】erupHian【详解】考查名词。句意：冰岛火山喷发产生的火山灰开始扰乱英国的空中交通。根据句意，并结合“冠词a+形容词+名词单数”的语法结构可知此处应使用名词，且为单数形式，erupHian为“喷发”，故填erupHian。6．IfHheclinicifequippedwiHh(adjusH)chairs,iHwillbemarecanvenienHfarHhedenHifHs.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】adjusHable【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果诊所的椅子都是可调节的，那么对牙医来说，要方便得多。根据句子分析可知，此处应用形容词adjusHable“可调节的”，作定语，修饰名词chairs。故填adjusHable。7．HheHale(unfald)byherwasreallyimpressive.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】unfalded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她讲述的故事确实令人印象深刻。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词HheHale，unfald和HheHale为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填unfalded。8．AllHhesehavelaidasalidpaliHical(faund)farcansalidaHednaHianaluniHy.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】faundaHian【详解】考查名词。句意：这些都为巩固民族团结奠