2022年新高考英语一轮讲义：高考核心词汇+虚拟语气+题型综合练（原题版）

第09讲：高考核心词汇+虚拟语气考点梳理+题型综合练

高考词汇打卡

1.慷慨的_______________1.理发师_______________

2.天才________________2,汉堡包_______________

3.地理________________3.锤子，榔头_______________

4.地质学_______________4.手帕_______________

5.鬼，幽灵_____________5.书写，手写—

6.全球的，球形的________________6.和谐，融洽_______________

7.手套_________________7.仇恨；敌意__________

8.闲聊__________________________8.司令部，总部_______________

9.优美的______________________9.加热器_______________

]0.语法___________________10.直升飞机_______________

11.葡萄11.头盔，钢盔

12.感激之情______________________12.使突出_______________

13.重力，引力__________________13.高层建筑_______________

14.食品杂货店______________14.历史的_______________

15.体育馆，健身房____________15.癖好，消遣_______________

16.做手势.16.伸出援手_______________

17.与某人和睦相处_______________17.某事发生在某人身上_______________

18.静下心来处理某事_______18.对眼睛有害_______________

19.有音乐的天赋___________19.使某人一直等_______________

20.放弃开发新软件_____________20.动脑筋_______________

21.瞥了一眼手表____________21.身体健康_______________

22.复习所学的知识____________________22.对身心健康有好处_______________

23.下决心实现某人的目标_________________23.丧失信心_______________

24.对健康有好处__________________24.一场热烈的讨论_______________

25.不辞而别_______________________25.在王老师的帮助下_______________

26.认为..是理所当然的__________________26.情不自禁做某事_______________

27.因某事对某人表示感激___________________27.毫不犹豫_______________

28.随着..的成长28.培养爱好

29.拉小提琴29.一部历史小说

30.养成早起的习惯______________________30.在国内外_______________

G）语法精选精讲

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用

条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句（或称虚拟条件句）两种。真实条件句的假设是可能发生或实现的，句

中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。非真实条件句的假设发生的可能性不大或者不可能发生，仅仅是

对条件和结果的假设。

真实条件句：

Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,Iwillgoforapicnic

Oilfloatsifyoupouritonwater.

虚拟条件句的构成：

If从句主句

谓语动词用一谓语动词用一

与现在事

l.didshould/would/could/might+do

实相反

2.be动词用were

与过去事谓语动词用一谓语动词用一

实相反had+doneshould/would/could/might+have+done

谓语动词用一谓语动词用一

与将来事1.did/wereshould/would/could/might+do

实相反2.shoulddo

3.weretodo

Ifeveryoneknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.（与现在事实相反）

Iftheearthquakehadhappenedinthedesert,therewouldhavebeenfewerdeaths.（与过去事实相反）

IfIweretohaveaneight-dayholiday,Iwouldgofishing.（与将来事实相反）

IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudymuchharder.

Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.

IfIshouldgotheretomorrow,Iwoulddoitinmyway.

注意：

1.当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构

及ifIwereyou,asitwere中，只能用wereo

IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.

2.有时，虚拟条件句中，主句和从句所指的时间不一致，叫做错综时间虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气。主、从

句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。

IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.（条件为过去，结果为现在）

Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.

Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.（条件为现在，结果为过去）

Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.

Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.（条件为过去，结果为将来）

3.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had,if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如：

Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.

Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.

Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.

4.有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而隐含在某些介词短语中，如without,butfor,otherwise,or,but,

given,supposing等，或上下文里，叫做含蓄虚拟结构。

Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.

Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.

Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.

Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwise/or（=IfIhadn'tbeenbusy）IwouldhaveattendedMr.Wang'slecture.

陈述事实+otherwise+虚拟语气

虚拟语气+but+陈述事实

二、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的应用

1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

在forfearthat,incase引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should/could/might等+动

词原形；lest引导的目的状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气，为“should+动词原形”或省略should。

Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.

Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.

Bringsomemoneyincaseyoushoulduseit.

在sothat,inorderthat所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can/may/could/might/will/would/

should+动词原形。

Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.

Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword.

2.让步状语从句中的虚拟语气：在evenif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、

从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：

Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.

NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.

3.方式状语从句中的虚拟语气：asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。

表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时

Theteachertreatsthepupilasifhewereherownchild.(这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子)

表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时

Ifeltasthoughwehadknowneachotherforyears.(其实并没有认识多年)

表示与将来事实不相符，用would/might/could/should+动词原形

Itlooksasifitmightrain.(不大可能下雨)

三、主语从句中的虚拟语气

在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：should

+动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式不限。

常用句型：

1.Itbe+adj.+that...(surprising/important/strange/necessary/natural…)

2.Itbe+n.+that...(apity/ashame/nowonder...)

3.Itbe+-ed+that...(suggested/requested/desired/proposed...)

四、宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1.advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist（坚决要求），order,propose,request,suggest（建议）表示请求、要求、

命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：（should）+原形动词。

注意：当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般

不用虚拟语气。

2.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一

个时态。例如：

与现在事实相反:wish+（that）+did（were）

IwishIwereashealthyasyou.

IwishthatIhadaplane.

与过去事实相反:wish+（that）+haddone

IwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.

Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.

与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+do

Iwishhewouldforgiveme.

3.wouldrather/hadrather/wouldsooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚

拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：

与过去事实相反：had+过去分词；

与现在事实相反：过去时（be用were）

与将来事实相反：过去时（be用were）

rdratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.

rdratheryouwereherenow.

We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.

五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气

表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,

recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位

语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：（should）+动词原形。

一“坚持"：insist

"命令"：order,command

四“建议”：advise,suggest,propose,recommend

六“要求"：demand,require,request,desire,urge,ask

Wefollowedhisadvicethatweshouldaskourteacherforhelp.

Hissuggestionisthatweshoulddoourworkmorecarefully.

六、定语从句中的虚拟语气

表示：早该做某事了“时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：Itis(high/about)

timethat+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形。

ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.

Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.

七、只保留从句的虚拟语气

Whatif...要是……怎么办？

WhatifIshouldfail?(=WhatshouldIdoifIshouldfail?)

Ifonly...要是....就好了。

IfonlyIwere20yearsyounger.(=ItwouldbebetterifIwere20yearsyounger.)

Ifyouwould...如果你愿意...

Ifyouwouldopenyourbook.(=Pleaseopenyourbook.)

武3经典精讲

i.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的具体用法：

情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词

与现在事实相反过去式（be的过去式形式用were）would/could/should/might+动词原形

与过去事实相反过去完成式would/could/should/might+havedone

(l)weretodo

与将来事实相反(2)shoulddowould/could/should/might+动词原形

(3世去式

Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.

要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。

Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.

要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。

一Johnwenttothehospitalalone.

----约翰自己一个人去的医院。

一Ifhehadtoldmeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

——要是他告诉我，我就陪他去了。

陶圆明国

在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语动词中含有had,were,should时，可以把if省略，把had,were,should

提到句首，变为倒装句。

Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)comeearlier,youwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.

如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。

WereK=IfIwere)twentynow,.Iwouldjointhearmy.

如果我现在20岁，我就参军。

2.虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法

有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，被称为

含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有：

without便是)没有

incase万一；以防

butfor要不是

otherwise/or否则

Wecouldnothave.stayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.

要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。

2.虚拟语气在其它从句中的具体用法：

1.wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式如下表:

虚拟语气从句谓语动词

与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)

与过去事实相反had+过去分词

与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形

Lwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.

我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。

Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.

我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。

2.在表示要求、建议、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，常用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原

形常见的此类动词有：

一坚持：insist

二命令：order,command

四建议：suggest,advise,propose,recommend

五要求：require,request,demand,desire,urge

Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines(should)becheckedeveryyear.

强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次。

3.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语也常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词构成形式如下表:

虚拟语气从句谓语动词

与现在事实相反

过去式(be动词一般用were)

与将来事实相反

与过去事实相反had+过去分词

Iwouldrathertheydidn'thearofthenews.

我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。

IwouldratherIhadn,ttoldhimthebadnews.

我宁愿我没有告诉他那个坏消息。

4.在Ifsimportant/strange/natural/necessary...that...sb.(should)do...

Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.

他有必要整理些信息供我参考。

5.当表示建议、提议、命令、要求等的名词作主语时，其表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用“(should

+)动词原形”。常见的这类名词有：

advice建议

decision决定

demand要求

desire渴望

idea想法

order命令

proposal提议

request要求

recommendation建议

suggestion建议

Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp.

我们接受了他的我们应该向老师求助的建议。

6.evenif/though,asif/though等引导的让步状语从句、方式状语从句和目的状语从句中，其谓语动词构成

形式如下表：

引导词从句谓语动词

evenif/though与if引导的条件从句结构相同

asif/though发生在主句动作之前haddone

与主句动作同时发生过去时（be用were）

asif/though

发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+动词原形

Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.

她看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。

7.Itis(high/about)time(that)...sb.did/shoulddosth...

Itishightimethatyouset/shouldsetasidesometimetothinkaboutyourfuture.

该到你留出一些时间思考未来生活了。

其他情况需注意

1.Itishightimethatyou(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievea

little.

2.IwishI(be)atmysister,sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.

3.Isuggestthattheschoolorganizesacooking-learningactivitytoteachstudentstopreparesomedelicious

food._____________________

4.MostcitizensinHongKongstronglyinsistedthatthosewhoattackedthepolicewithviolencewereputinto

prison._____________________

5.ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleifI(know)theschedule.

6.Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.

7.(have)thegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDSQelateddeathswouldnothave

fallensincetheirhighestin2005.

8.Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktothem?

实战演练

I单句语法填空

1.Soyoupayattentiontosleeplessness.

2.IrewiredthehouseandloweredthelightswitchessothatPaulreachthings.

3.Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudentsputonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasethey

areinfectedwithfluvirus.

4.Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishI(answer)yourcall.

5.Iwasillthatday,orI(take)partinthesportsmeet.

6.IshouldnothavelaughedifI(think)youwereserious.

7.Myroomisamess,butInotcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.

8.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.

.Asaresult,IsuggestwearegivenlesshomeworkandmoretimeforoutHfQlassroomactivities.Onlyin

thiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.

2.Hebecameveryangry,butIdarednottotellhimaboutthegame.

3.Ishouldavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.

4.Therefore,rulesshouldworkedoutandstrictlyobserved.

5.Peopleneglectthefactthatourparentsarethedearestpersonsintheworld,soweshouldnicetoour

parents.

6.Therewillalectureinourlibrary,at4：00onWednesdayafternoon.

7.However,justseveraldayslater,Ibegantofeeltiredandcan'tconcentratein

class.

8.)Itistruethatnooneshouldlivewithoutmoneyinmodemsociety.

I语法填空

Chinesearethefirstpeopletohavetea.Onethousandandtwohundredyearsago,LuYuwroteabookcalled

“TheClassicofTea”,1.ishonoredas“TheBibleofTea".Thebookgivesadetailed

2.(explain)oftheorigin,theprocessingskillsandtheclassificationoftea.

However,Chineseteaculturegoesfarbeyondtea3.(it).Takegreenteaforinstance,theideal

temperatureofthewatershouldbearound80degreesCelsius.Ifthewateristoohot,nutrients(营养物)inthetea

4.(destroy).Ontheotherhand,ifthewaterisnothotenough,thetea5.(leaf)won't

openupandyouwillmissthepleasantlyfreshflavor.SoChinesepeopleareaccustomed6.

drinkinghottea.WhenyouvisitaChinesefriend,yourfriendwill7.(constant)addhotwaterto

youremptyingcupoftea.ltispolite8.(offer)theteacuptoguestswithbothhands.Ofcourse,the

guestsshouldpayrespectaswell9.(take)overthecupwithbothhands.

Talkingaboutaddingwatertotheteacup,thereis10.saying：winefull,fullcup.Teahalf,

halfcup.Forwine,fullcupsymbolizeswholeheartiness.Fortea,half,itmeansmodesty.

巩固练习

1.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had

2.Ifmaycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.

A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe

A.shouldfaceB.mightface

C.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced

4.Don'thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.

A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen

5.Wewouldn'thavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldusaridehome.

A.didn\offerB.wouldn'toffer

C.hasn\offeredD.hadn'toffered

6.Ifweadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.

A.haven'tmadeB.wouldn\make

C.didn\makeD.hadn\made

7.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.

A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited

I语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Abeautyqueenwhowascrowned(给...荣誉)MissEnglandin2019decidedtoreturntotheUnited

Kingdomfromoverseascharitywork41(continue)herjobasadoctorasCOVID-19brokeout.

Mukherjee42(graduate)fromtheUniversityofNottinghamjusttwoweeksbeforeshewascrowned

MissEnglandinAugust,2019.Thenshetookajobbreakasadoctor.Shesaid,"Therewerepeopleatwork

43knowaboutmewinning,andtheymadelittlejokesbutIgotmyheaddownandgotmywork44

(do).”

“Workinginthehospital45(be)tough.Youdidn'tgetthechancetothinkaboutallthefame(名誉).”

ShesaidthatshefeltitwaswrongtobewearingherMissEnglandcrown,evenforcharitywork,while

peoplearound46worldweredyingfromCOVID-19andherworkmateswereworking47(hard)

thanbefore.

Whatkeepsthe24-year-old*sgoingisthewell^wishesand48(warm)she'sreceivedfromhersocial

mediafollowers.MukherjeebecameMissEngland49(large)forhergoodlooks.Butbysavinglives,

perhapssheisnowbetterknown50hergoodheart!

I短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改io处，多者（从第n处起）不计分。

Hereisgoodnewsforyouwhichawritingcompetitionabout"ChineseDream^^isorganizingbythe

Students5Union.Everyoneiswelcometotakeanactivelypartinthecompetition.Youarerequiredtowritinga

storyabout"ChineseDream^^within400word.WehadalreadyinvitedfourofourEnglishteacherstobethe

judges.Ofcourse,yourhardworkwillpayoff.Thestudentwhowinstheoneprizewillbegivenasetoffamous

ancientChineseworks.Inaaddition,yourstorywillbefilmedintoavideo.Asforthedeadline,weareexpected

tohandyourstorybeforeDecember20.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Beingindependentisanimportantskillforpeoplewhowanttotakecontroloftheirlives.Herearesometips

onhowtobeindependent.

Believeinyourself.Ifyoudon'tbelieveinyourself,thenwhoelsewill?36.Noonecanspeak

thewordsonyourlipsandnoteveryoneisgoingtoagreewithwhatyousay.

37.Ifyoudon'thavefaithinyourself^youwillalwaysdoubtyourselfandturntoothersforhelp

everytimeyouhavetomakeadecision.Trytomoveawayfromthat.

38.Ourparentscareforussomuchthattheydoeverythingintheirpowertoraiseusinafair

andjustenvironment.Buttherealworlddoesnotfollowthesameprinciple.Youmightbetreatedbadlyforall

sortsofunfairthings:yourskincolor,yourheight,yourweight,howmuchmoneyyouhave,andjustabout

everythingelsethatmakesyouwhoyouare.39.

Stopcaringaboutwhatotherpeoplethink.Thisisthemostimportantthingaboutbeingindependent.Stop

worryingaboutotherpeople'sopinionsaboutyourlife,whethertheyarethinkingaboutyourclothes,yourchoice

ofcareer,oryourchoiceofsignificantother.40.

Ifyoualwayshavetheworryingthought,4tButwhatwillotherpeoplethinkinthebackofyourhead,

thenyouwillalwaysbeholdingyourselfbackfromdoingyourownthing.

A.Beyourownhero.

B.Acceptthatlifeisnotfair.

C.Theseareyourdecisions,andnotanyoneelse's.

E.Wearealldifferentandhavesomethinguniquetosay.

F.Sopleaseremember:youhavetobehappyinspiteofthat.

G.Believinginyourselfwillmakeyoutrustyourowndecisions.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlight

fromlateSeptembertomicHVIarch-41sixmonthsoutoftheyear.

Ofcourse,we42

“Weseetheskyis43,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker-ifslikeona