山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析_第1页
山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析_第2页
山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析_第3页
山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析_第4页
山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷含解析_第5页
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山西省柳林县联盛中学2025届高三第二次模拟考试英语试卷请考生注意:1.请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.“Drive-ins”havelargeparkinglots________customersareservedintheircarsbywaitresses.A.who B.when C.which D.where2.—Howabouthisdesign?—Well,totellthetruth,itis______butsatisfactory.Soyou’llhavetotryyourbesttobetterit.A.something B.anythingC.everything D.nothing3.Onlyafterhewasbroughttothepolicestationdidtheboy________hehadstolensomepursesfromotherpassengers.A.participate B.acknowledgeC.realize D.summarize4.Neverbefore________thefamousmuseumwasjustastone'sthroawayfromtheirschool,soout________.A.hadtheyknown;wentalltheyB.theyhadknown;wentalltheyC.hadtheyknown;theyallwentD.theyhadknown;theyallwent5.—Whydoyoulookveryupset?—Theelectricitywascutoffsuddenlyandmyessay________unfinishedsince.A.wasleft B.hasleftC.hadbeenleft D.hasbeenleft6.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_____dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.what B.whoseC.which D.that7.Why________youchoosetoworkinaremotevillageschoolwhenyoucanownarespectablejobinacity?A.need B.shouldC.must D.will8.Thetoughestthingaboutsuccessis________youhavetokeeponbeingasuccess.A.why B.when C.what D.that9.Itisnotsurprisingthatshewaselected______monitor;sheis______verysmartgirlwhohastheabilitytoorganizetheclasswell.A./;the B./;aC.a;a D.the;/10.----Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?---Thetrees_____________well,butIdidn'twaterthem.A.mightgrow B.needn'thavegrownC.wouldgrow D.wouldhavegrown11.—Whatdidshewanttoknow,Tom?—ShewonderedwecouldcompletetheexperimentA.whenwasitthatB.itwaswhenthatC.itwaswhenD.whenitwasthat12.WhenIwassmall,mymom________readmestoriesatnight.A.could B.shouldC.might D.would13.---Thereareprobablyalienslivinghereonearth.---_____!Ican’tbelieveyousaidthat.A.Comeon B.ForgetitC.Goahead D.Allowme14.Amancanfailmanytimes,heisarealfailurewhenhebeginstoblamesomeoneelse.A.butB.orC.andD.so15.Takingonlinereadingintoconsideration,wecanchallengetheassumption____readingforpleasurecontinuestodecrease.A.whether B.that C.where D.when16.Theimportance______anationaldayandhowitiscelebratedareverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.A.connectedto B.givento C.meaningto D.attachedto17.—Joe,whataboutgoingtoBelgiumforourcomingholiday?—Sorry,honey,I_________onthenewlydiscovereddinosaursiteinArgentina.Thereareremainsofwhatisthoughttobethelargestcreatureevertowalktheearth.A.wasworking B.workC.willbeworking D.worked18.TheBritishgovernmentpublishedanofficialpolicydocument________itsplanstobringtheUKoutoftheEuropeanUnion.A.lettingoutB.puttingoutC.settingoutD.workingout19.Youhaveabigmouth,Tom.Youhavetoldeverybodythesecret.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.mightn’t20.AnewairportmaybeconstructedinNantong,____thepaceofeconomicgrowthwillbeaccelerated.A.inwhichcase B.inthatcase C.inwhatcase D.inwhosecase第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21.(6分)InspiringArchaeologicalStudyToursacrosstheWorldin2017…AnArchaeologicalToursgetawayisanarchaeologylover’svacationlikenoother.Wehaveanexcitingselectionoftoursdepartingin2017withunsurpassedservice.Here’sasmallselectionofwhatwehavetooffer.Alsoacodeforyou:Neverallow(Jogstorunfree­lytheretokeeptheplantsandanimalsliveinpeaceandgetridofrubbishproperly.Becarefultoburyyourtoiletwasteandkeeptothedesignedtracks.Guatemala&BelizeCoonthetrailofMesoamericancivilizationsinthelushforests,ruggedfoothills(丘陵地带),andmoderncitiesofthesefascinatingsitesincentralAmerica.January6-20,2017l$6,495Ghana,Togo&BeninWitnessthemeetingofthrivingtraditions,ancientpast,andforward-lookingpresentinincomparableWestAfrica.February7-22,20171$7,495AncientEgyptFromthepyramidsofGizatotheValleysoftheKingsandQueens,discovertheglorioussplendorsofancientEgypt.February&November2017l$5,995CentralMexicoFollowtheancientcivilizationsoftheToltec,Aztec,Zapotec,OlmecandMixtecacrossthecentreofmagnificentMexicoinNorthAmerica.March11-24,2017l$5,795IranDiscoverthebeautyandmajestyofIran’slong-passedempires,earlymodemdynasties,andtimelessscenery.April,September&October2017l$7,995Malta,Sardinia&CorsicaExplorethecharacteristicgeologicalenvironmentsanduniqueculturalandpoliticalhistoriesofthesethreeislandsinSouthEurope.April19-May4,20171$7,49569、Accordingtothetravelleaflet,visitorsshouldtour________.A.withcalmnessandcuriosityB.withself-defenceandhonourC.withconventionandreligionD.withself-disciplineandprotection1、TomiskeenonearlymoderndynastywhilehiswifeenjoysAfricatraditions.Whichplacesaretheirbestchoices?A.AncientEgyptandCentralMexico.B.Guatemala,BelizeandIran.C.Ghana,Benin,TogaandIran.D.Malta,SardiniaandCorsica.22.(8分)Weoftenseekfoodafterfocusedmentalactivity,likepreparingforanexam.Researchersguessthattoomuchthinkingconsumesalotofenergyfromthebrain.Sothebrain,sensingthatitmaysoonrequiremorecaloriestokeepgoing,apparentlyleadstobodilyhunger,andeventhoughtherehasbeenlittlephysicalmovement,weeat.Theresearchersnotethattiringactivitybothincreasestheamountofbloodsugarandlactate(乳酸盐)circulatinginthebloodandincreasesbloodflowtothehead.Becausethebrainusessugarandlactateasfuel,researcherswonderediftheincreasedflowoffuel—richbloodduringexercisecouldfeedaworn—outbrainandreducetheurgetoovereat.Thirty—eighthealthycollegestudentswereinvitedtodeterminetheirfitnessandmetabolic(新陈代谢)ratesandtoreportwhattheirfavoritepizzawas.Afterward,theysatquietlyfor35minutesbeforebeinggivenasmuchoftheirfavoritepizzaastheywanted.Atalaterdate,thevolunteersreturnedandspent20minutesmakingselectionsfromcollegeandgraduate-schoolentranceexams.Next,halfthestudentssatquietlyfor15minutes,beforebeinggivenpizza.Therestofthevolunteersspentthose15minutesdoingintervalsonatreadmill(跑步机)twominutesofhardrunningfollowedbyaboutoneminuteofwalking,repeatedfivetimes.Thesestudentswerethenallowedtogorgeonpizza,too.Butbyandlarge,theydidnotovereat.Whentheresearchersfactoredin(将……作为因素考虑)thecaloriesburntonrunning,theydeterminedthatthosestudentsactuallyconsumed200fewertotalcaloriesaftertheirbrainworkoutsthantherestingstudents.Theresearchersdonotknowiftherunnersconsumedextracaloriesatdinner.Theyalsocannottellwhetherothertypesofexercisewouldhavethesameeffectasrunning,althoughtheresearcherssaytheysuspectthatifanactivitycausessomeonetobreakintoasweat,itshouldalsoincreasebloodsugarandlactate,feedingthebrainandweakeninghungerscall.1、Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Weeatformorephysicalmovements.B.Abusybraincanmakeonehungry.C.Energyfromthebraincan’tbeusedup.D.Anexamresultsincaloricconsumptionmost.2、Whatcanaphysicalmovementdo?A.Increasebloodflow. B.Increasetheamountofbloodsugar.C.Urgeonetoeatmore. D.Makethebraintied.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gorgeon”inparagraph5mean?A.Eat. B.Purchase. C.Taste. D.Obtain.4、Whatdotheresearcherswanttoknowfromthestudy?A.Whetherbrainusessugarandlactateasfuel.B.Whetherbraincanbetiredduringexercise.C.Whetherexercisecanreduceeatingdesire.D.Whetherexerciseincreasesbloodsugar.23.(8分)AndrewJacksonhasbeensittingprettyonthe$20billfor87years.Isittimetobringsomenewbloodtothebanknote?Thenon-profitorganizationcalledWomenon20siscampaigningtoputawoman’sfaceonAmericanmoney.BarbaraOrtizHoward,thecompany’sfounder,wouldliketoseeawomanonthe$20billby2020.Thatyearmarksthe100-yearanniversaryofthe19thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,whichgavewomentherighttovote.Howardgottheideawhensherealizedthatherdaughterhadnoeverydayremindersoffamouswomeninhistory.SheaskedherfriendSusanAdesStone,ajournalist,tojoinhercause.“Partoftheaimistoeducateasmanypeopleaspossibleaboutasmanywomenaspossible,”Adessays.“Wewanttoseehowmanypeoplewecanreach.”Americanmoneyvaluesthesuccessesofformerpresidentsandfoundingfathers.Currently,thereareonlytwowomenonmoney:SusanB.Anthonyisthefaceoftheraredollarcoin,andSacagaweacanbeseenonthegolddollarcoin.Therearenowomenonpaperbills.Withhelpfromwritersandhistorians,HowardandStonecameupwithavotinglistfeaturing15importantwomen.Adessaysthereisastandardforchoosingcandidates.Theylookatthewomen’scontributionstoourworld,andatwhatchallengestheyfaced.Morethan72,000peoplehavevotedsofarinthepoll.Adessaysthecompetitionhasnarrowedtoa“verycloserace”,butwon’tsaywho’sinthelead.Aftertworoundsofvoting,Womenon20swillsendtheircampaigntotheWhiteHouseforconsideration.ThefinaldecisionisuptotheTreasurySecretary,JackLew.Lewisunlikelytomakeachangewithoutthepresident’sapproval.Butlastyear,whenalittlegirlaskedthepresidentwhytherearen’tanywomenonUScurrency,hesaidthataddingawomanisa“prettygoodidea”.1、WhendidAmericanwomenbegintoenjoyvotingrights?A.Inthe1920s.B.Inthe19thcentury.C.Fewerthan20yearsago.D.Morethan200yearsago.2、Wecanknowfromthetextthat________.A.HowardandStonedecidedthevotinglistontheirownB.Howard’sideahassomethingtodowithherdaughterC.sofarnoAmericanwomenhaveappearedoncoinsD.formerpresidentsruleAmericanmoney3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Adeshasannouncedthevictorofthevoting.B.It’simpossibleforJackLewtomakeachange.C.Thepresidentwillprobablysupportsuchachange.D.Thefinaldecisionisduetobemadebythepresident.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.ThefuturefacesofmoneyB.DifferentfaceschosenonmoneyC.ConstantchangesinmoneyfacesD.Acampaignforwomen’sfacesonmoney24.(8分)Children’sliveshavechangedgreatlyoverthelast50years.ButdotheyhaveahappierchildhoodthanyouorIdid?It’sdifficulttolookbackonone’sownchildhoodwithoutsomeelementofnostalgia(怀旧的).Ihavefourbrothersandsisters,andmymemoriesareallaboutbeingwiththem.Playingboardgamesonthelivingroomfloor,orspendingdaysinthestreetwiththeotherneighborhoodchildren,racingupanddownonourbikes,orexploringthenearbywoods.Myparentsscarcelyappearinthesememories,exceptasproviderseitherofmealsorofsevereblameaftersomeparticularlyriskyadventure.Thesedays,intheUKatleast,thenatureofchildhoodhaschangeddramatically.Firstly,familiesaresmaller,andtherearefarmoreonlychildren.Itiscommonforbothparentstoworkoutsidethehomeandthereisthefeelingthattherejustisn’ttimetobringupalargefamily,orthatnoonecouldpossiblyaffordtohavemorethanonechild.Asaresult,today’sboysandgirlsspendmuchoftheirtimealone.Anothermajorchangeisthatyoungsterstodaytendtospendahugeamountoftheirfreetimeathome,inside.Morethananythingthisisduetothefactthatparentsworryfarmorethantheyusedtoaboutrealorimagineddangers,sotheywouldn’tdreamoflettingtheirchildrenplayoutsidebythemselves.Finally,thekindoftoyschildrenhaveandthewaytheyplayistotallydifferent.Computerandvideogameshavereplacedtheboardgamesandmoreinterestingactivitiesofmychildhood.Theirony(令人啼笑皆非的事情)isthatsomanywaysofplayinggamesarecalled“interactive”.Thefactthatyoucanplayelectronicgamesonyourownfurtherincreasesthesenseoflonelinessfeltbymanyyoungpeopletoday.DothesechangesmeanthatchildrentodayhavealessrelaxingchildhoodthanIhad?Ipersonallybelievethattheydo,butperhapseverygenerationfeelsexactlythesame.1、Whatisthepurposeofthedirectquestiongiveninthefirstparagraph?A.Togetpeople’sattentionandleadinthetopicB.Togatherpeople’sopinionsonchildhoodC.ToshowwhothepassageiswrittenforD.Tocomparethechildhoodlivesoftwogenerations2、WhichisNOTareasonforthechanges?A.FamiliesaresmallertodayB.ParentsworriedtoomuchabouttheirchildrenC.ToyscanbeplayedbychildrenaloneathomeD.It’stoodangeroustoplayoutside3、Whathasthewriterfocusedoninthefourthparagraph?A.Youngpeopletodayshouldn’tplayelectronicgamesB.Somegamesthatyoungpeopleplaytodayaren’treallygoodC.ComputerandvideogameshavereplacedtheboardgamesD.Boardgamesaremuchmoreinterestingthancomputergames4、Thewriter’sattitudetowardsthechildhoodchangingis.A.approving B.unconcernedC.objective D.optimistic25.(10分)Haveyoueverpressedthepedestrianbuttonatacrosswalkandwonderedifitreallyworked?They’recalled“placebo(安慰剂)buttons”一buttonsthatmechanicallysoundandcanbepushed,butprovidenofunctionality.InNewYorkCity,onlyabout100ofthe1,000crosswalkbuttonsactuallyfunction.Crosswalksignalsweregenerallyinstalledbeforetrafficjamhadreachedtoday’slevels.Butwhiletheirfunctionwastakenoverbymoreadvancedsystems—suchasautomatedlightsortrafficsensors—thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept,ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense.Othercities,suchasBoston,DallasandSeattle,havegonethroughasimilarprocess,leavingthemwiththeirownplacebopedestrianbuttons.InLondon,whichhas6,000trafficsignals,pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.“Wedohavesomecrossingswherethegreenlightcomesonautomatically,butwestillaskpeopletopressthebuttonbecausethatenablesaccessiblefeatures,’’saidGlynnBarton,directorofnetworkmanagementatTransportforLondon.Thesefeatures,suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals,helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.Asforthelights,agrowingnumberofthemarenowcombinedandbecomeapartofanelectronicsystemthatdetectstrafficandadjuststimefrequencyaccordingly(givingprioritytobusesifthey’rerunninglate,forexample),whichmeansthatpressingthebuttonhasnoeffect.AccordingtoLanger,aHarvardpsychologist,placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(错觉)ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.Inthecaseofpedestriancrossings,theymayevenmakeussaferbyforcingustopayattentiontooursurroundings.“Theyserveapsychologicalpurposeattheveryleast,”sheadded.1、Whyarethephysicalbuttonsstillkeptinsomecities?A.Becauseitmaycostmoneytoreplacethem.B.Becausetheyremainasmemoriesofacity.C.Becausedohaverealfunctionsintraffic.D.Becausetheycanresultinreliablelights.2、Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlineword“features”inParagraph4?A.Functions. B.Uses.C.Equipment. D.Facilities.3、Ifyoupresseda“placebobutton”inLondon,whatwouldhappen?A.Alltrafficwouldbeaffected. B.Somekindofsoundmightappear.C.Pedestrianscamefirsttocrosstheroad. D.“Greenman”wereboundtoshowupearlier.4、Whatcanweknowabout“placebobuttons”fromLanger’swords?A.Theycanreallycontroltraffic. B.Theyservelittlefunctions.C.Theymayworkmentally. D.Theycanhelptheblind.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节)第一节(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26.(30分)Onedaymanyyearsago,afriendsurprisedmebyusingSpanish—“Comoestas”—insteadoftheEnglish“Howareyou?”Shetoldme1thatshewaslearningSpanishatUniversityofHawaii.ItwasthefirsttimeIhad2theSeniorCitizenVisitorProgram(SCVP),whichwasfreetothose3.Immediately,IrushedbackhomeandfoundouteverythingabouttheSCVPonline.Thenextday,I4theSCVPofficeatUH.My5coursewastheLife-longStudyforHawaiiSeniorResidents.However,he6me:Ihadtobeatleast60yearsoldto7.Atthatmoment,Ireallyhatedtobeso8!Butnochoice—soIstarted9togetolder.Attheendof2017,aftermy60thbirthday,IcalledtheSCVPofficeagain.Inthespring10of2018,Ibecamethe11studentappearinginthesetwoclasses:BallroomDanceandIntroductiontoInterpretation.NomatterhowoldIwas,oncebothmybodyandspirit12intheclassroom,sittingamongyoungpeople,listeningtoandwritingdownwhatthe13taughtmademeforgetmyage.Ofcourse,Iusedthemto14thatthemovingofthebrainmayget15butit’sstillenoughtolearn16.Second,foragedpeople,returningtoschoolhelpsthemtoseemingly17theirrealage,especiallywhentheygetthesame18asyoungerclassmatesdo.Andthird,weagedpeopleareusefuloneswhohaverich19,includingknowingwhy,whatandhowtokeep201、A.satisfiedlyB.excitedlyC.worriedlyD.astonishedly2、A.readaboutB.enteredforC.heardaboutD.takenup3、A.suitableB.regularC.availableD.ready4、A.thankedB.locatedC.informedD.telephoned5、A.reasonableB.ambitiousC.favoriteD.curious6、A.persuadedB.remindedC.encouragedD.requested7、A.takepartB.goonC.giveupD.breakup8、A.weakB.lazyC.sickD.young9、A.demandingB.strugglingC.waitingD.preparing10、A.vacationB.termC.seasonD.months11、A.strangestB.busiestC.hardestD.oldest12、A.recoveredB.separatedC.settledD.talked13、A.reportersB.professorsC.colleaguesD.translators14、A.proveB.decideC.defendD.repeat15、A.practicalB.calmC.slowD.quick16、A.speciallyB.instantlyC.patientlyD.normally17、A.reduceB.approachC.memorizeD.doubt18、A.respectB.gradesC.attentionD.supports19、A.imaginationB.knowledgeC.fortunesD.experiences20、A.learningB.fightingC.thinkingD.suffering第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27.(15分)Thetaskofbeingacceptedinauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Longbeforetheygraduate1.highschool,thesestudentstakespecialcoursestopreparefor2.(advance)study.Theymayalsotakeoneormore3.(examine)thattesthowwellpreparedtheyarefortheuniversity.Inthefinalyearofhighschool,theycompleteapplicationsandsendthemtotheuniversities4.interestthemmost.Somehighschoolstudentsmayberequiredtohave5.interviewwithpeoplefromtheuniversity.6.(neat)dressedandalittlebitfrightened,theyaredeterminedtoshowthattheyhaveagoodattitudeandtheabilitytosucceed.Ifthenewstudents7.(accept),manyuniversitieswillofferaninstructionprogramforthem8.(get)toknowtheproceduresforstudents’advising,universityrules,theuseofthelibraryandalltheothermajorservicesoftheuniversity.Beginninganewlifeinanewplacecanbevery9.(puzzle).Themoreknowledgestudentshaveabouttheschool,the10.(easy)itwillbeforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment.However,ittakestimetogetusedtocollegelife.第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)28.(10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1、每处错误及其修改均限一词。2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。ThefirsttimeIdecidetoleavehomewaswhenIwasupongraduationinhighschool、Iwashavingtroublegetalongwithmyparents、Ihadaboutfiftydollarinmypockets,andIthoughtaboutleavinghome、IttookmeonlytwoweeksawayfromhomewhileIstartedtofeelhomesick、Livingonmyownisatotaldifferentexperienceforthreemainreasons:beingmoreresponsible,moredecisiveandmorecreative、BecauseofI’monmyown,Igettodealwithmydutieswithoutbeingtold、Ihavetobemorecarefulbecausemyparentsarenotheretogivemetheiradvices、Intheotherhand,Icanmakemyownfutureplan、Ihavemaderulesformetofollow、第二节书面表达(满分25分)29.(25分)假定你是李华,你校将在暑假期间开办一个留学生京剧训练营(PekingOperaTrainingCamp)。请给你班的美国交换生Peter写封邮件,告诉他相关信息。内容包括:1.介绍训练营的相关安排;2.说明训练营的目的;3.表达希望对方参加的愿望。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,ZhangXin

参考答案第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1、D2、B3、B4、C5、D6、B7、C8、D9、B10、D11、D12、D13、A14、A15、B16、D17、C18、C19、A20、A第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21、America’sbusinessesaregettingolderandfatter,whilemanynewbusinessesaredyingininfancy.AstudylastmonthbytheBrookingsInstitutionfoundthattheproportionofolderfirmshasgrownsteadilyoverseveraldecades,whilethesurvivalrateofnewcompanieshasfallen.Inaddition,youngpeoplearestartingcompaniesatasharplylowerratethaninthepast.AnewreportfromtheNationalAssociationofManufacturersshowsamajorcause:Thecostofobeyinggovernmentregulationshasrisentomorethan$2trillion(12.26trillionyuan)annually,or12percentoftheGDP,andthiscostfallsdisproportionatelyonsmaller,newerbusinesses.It’srisky,difficultandexpensivetostartabusiness,andgettingmoreso.Governmentsareimposingvariousnewrulesonaseeminglydailybasis:healthinsurance,minimumwageincreasesand,mostrecentlyinCalifornia,compulsorypaidsickdaysforevenhourlyemployees.Theseregulationsshifthugesocialwelfarecostsdirectlyontooften-strugglingsmallbusinesses,whilebeingproportionallymuchlesscostlyforlargercompanies.Thisispartlyanunintendedissueofresources—establishedcompaniescancopewithnewcostsmoreeasily—butit’salsodeliberate.Forinstance,biginsurancecompaniesgotaseatatthetabletohelpwriteObamacare,butlesspoliticallypowerfulfirms—likemedicaldevicemanufacturers—gotsqueezed.Mature,successfulcorporationscanemployex-lawmakerswithconnections,distributecampaigncontributionsandevenwriteregulationsforthemselves.Theyarealsomorelikelytowanttoprotectsteadyrevenuestreamsthanrevolutionizetheirindustry.Majorcompaniesthathavebeensoill-managedtheywouldotherwisecollapse—airlines,carcompaniesandbanks—stagger(蹒跚)onbecausepoliticiansridetotherescuewithbagsoftaxpayermoney.Thegeniusofouruniquesystemofgovernmentisthedeterminationtoprotectanddefendtherightsoftheindividualovertherightsofthenation.Assuch,theriseofawell-connectedoligarchy(寡头政治)thatprotectsbigbusinessattheexpenseofsmallbusiness,andtheestablishedoverthenew,isoppositetoAmericanideals.Incomeinequality—whichisdirectlycausedbyfaultygovernmentpolicy—isbeingpromotedasthereasontoimposemoreofthatbadpolicy.Butlet’sbeperfectlyclear,wedonothaveafreemarketbutonewheregovernmentpickswinnersandlosersthroughregulationsandfinancialaids.Politicsis,andalwayshasb

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