《新时代交互英语》综合教程一课件下

Chapter6

AWorldofFastFoodLiPengfeiFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel1TeachingObjectivesReading:readtablesandgraphsunderstandthemainideasmasterthekeylanguagepointsWriting:writealetter/noteofrequestgeneralizewithsingularandpluralnounsTranslating:applytheamplificationstrategy

While-readingactivities:1)Outline2)NewwordsPre-readingactivities:Warm-upquestionsBackgroundknowledgeBrainstormingPost-readingactivities:Topicdiscussion&writingDoyouoftengotowesternfastfoodrestaurant?Why?Mcdonald's?KentuckyFriedChicken(KFC)?PizzaHut?Whatdoyouwant?BigMacFilet-O-FishSundaeIceCreamConeFrenchfriesApplepieHamburgerWhyiswesternfastfood

sopopularinChina?reasonablypriced/affordableinstantlyavailablespecialized,standardizedingredientsadaptedtolocaltastestastethesamemodernatmospheremarketingstrategywhichtargetschildren

Iswesternfastfoodhealthy?

highincalories,salt,sugarandfatlackinimportantvitaminsandmineralsnotenoughvegetablestoomanyunhealthycarbohydrates.〔碳水化合物〕WhataretheChinese

fastfoodoptions?soybeanmilkfriedbreadstickssteamedbunsdumplingswontonbraisednoodlesHowmanycalories

apersonneedsaday?500calories1000calories2000calories3000caloriesHowtoreadtablesandgraphs(P.90)TablesGraphs(chart)—line,bar,pie…Whenyoureadtablesorcharts,firstreadthecaptionsandmeasurescarefully.Thennotethetrendifthefiguresindicatechanges.

captionTables:CET9106ChangesinPeople’sDietYearFood19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%Total100%100%100%100%100%Graphs:0206StudentUseofComputersAveragenumberofhoursastudentspendsonthecomputerperweekII.(Para3-6)Jamaicanfastfood

fast,cheap,unhealthy

Patty&Testee’sJerkedchickenandporkIII.(Para7-8)ReasonsandresultofitspopularityIV.(Para9)ImprovementstobemadeI.(Para1-2)TheinvasionoffastfoodchainrestaurantsWords

1.toenteracountry,town,orareausingmilitaryforce,inordertotakecontrolofit

HitlerinvadedPolandin1939.2togointoaplaceinlargenumbers,especiallywhenyouarenotwanted

Everysummerthetownisinvadedbytourists.

3togetinvolvedinsomethinginanunwantedandannoyingway

Whatrightdoeshehavetoinvademyprivacy?

invadev.invasionn.

标记，符号，征兆，迹象syndrome综合病症symptom症状symbol象征signsignal信号design设计assign分配(assignment)resign辞职(resignation)signsignCn.afashion,game,typeofmusicetcthatbecomesverypopularforashorttimeShestartedacrazeforthistypeofjewellery.Thejoggingcrazebeganinthe1970s.crazyaboutsomebody/somethinglikingsomeoneverymuch,orveryinterestedinsthHe'scrazyabouther.crazen.crazyadj.

Tobecomeslowerortomakesth.slowerEconomicgrowthhassloweddown.Slowdownyourcarasyouapproachthatcurve.--【opposite】tomoveorhappenfaster,ortomakesomethingmoveorhappenfasterThetruckspeededupgoingdownthehill.Slowdownspeedupconsumerconsumer

customerguest

client

someonewhobuysandusesproductsandservices

someonewhoispayingtostayinahotel

someonewhogetsservicesoradvicefromaprofessionalperson,company,ororganization

someonewhobuysgoodsorservicesfromashop,companyetc

Consumerswillsoonbepayinghigherairfares.

Weaimtooffergoodvalueandservicetoallourcustomers.1.tousetime,energy,goodsetcAsmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel.2.toeatordrinksomethingInordertosurvivehumanbeingsneedtoconsumefoodandwater.atime-consumingtaskFuelconsumptionispredictedtorise.consume,consumptionOtherlocaltreatslikejerkedchicken…(L12)2.aneventthatgivesyoualotofpleasureandisusuallyunexpected乐事，乐趣Whenwewerekids,atriptothebeachwasarealtreat.3.mytreat:spokenusedtotellsomeonethatyouwillpayforsomethingsuchasamealforthemLet'sgoouttolunch-mytreat.

1.aspecialfoodthattastesgood,especiallyonethatyoudonoteatveryoften美食decadedecade:tenyearscentury:ahundredyearspercent

centimeter

centigradecent-hundred

gain/grow/increaseinpopularity

(=starttobelikedbymanypeople)Countrymusicisgrowinginpopularity.Thepresident'spopularityhasdeclinedconsiderably.popularpopularity

TheauthoritieswereworriedabouttheinfluenceofWesternfilmsandTVprogrammes.affect

affection

effecteffectiveinfluencen.v.v.影响；感动n.喜爱n.影响，效果vt.实现a.有效的tohaveaneffecton……

Thereformwaseffected.改革实现了。add+addsomethingtosomething

Doyouwanttoaddyournametothelist?

Materialaboutrecentresearchhasbeenaddedtothisnewedition.--【opposite】subtractmultiplydivide*plus,minus,prep.

Theyfoundthemselvescompetingwithforeigncompaniesforashareofthemarket.

ThestoreshavetocompeteforcustomersintheChristmasseason.competecompetitioncompetitorcompetitivecompetewith/againstcompetefor

Thecompanymustbeabletocompeteintheinternationalmarketplace.

Severaladvertisingagenciesarecompetingtogetthecontract.competeincompetetodosthscheduleThemajorityofholidayflightsdepartandarriveonschedule.Duetothebadweather,thebuildingworkwasalreadybehindschedule.Meg'snewbookisstillwellaheadofschedule.attheplannedtimeaftertheplannedtimebeforetheplannedtimeHowcanhefiteverythingintohisbusy/tightschedule?includingalotofthingsinashorttimeTheCentreoffersawiderangeofsportsfacilities.Theyofferedhimaverygoodjob,butheturneditdown.Mydadhasofferedtopickusup.Yourdoctorshouldbeabletoofferadviceondiet.offersbsth/offersthtosboffertodosthofferadvice/help/supportofferanopportunity/chance/possibilityoffer

involvingtheuseofimaginationtoproducenewideasorthingsThisjobissoboring.IwishIcoulddosomethingmorecreative.creativecreatecreation

creaturecreative

creativityreasonn.v.We'dliketoknowthereasonwhyshedidn'tacceptthejob.Hewouldn'tgivethereasonsforhisdecision.Heexplainedthereasonsbehindthedecision.Itriedtoreasonwithher.(persuade)Reading2I.McDonald’sintention:toteardowntheoldbuildingPeople’sreaction—aculturallandmark,memories……

II.McDonald’sexplanation:damageinanearthquake

People’sresponse—anexcuse,disrespect……III.McDonald’sexplanation:losingmoney

People’sresponse—notanissueofmoney……IV.People’sexplanation:McDonald’sintendstoremovetheMcDonaldbrothersfromhistory.Historians’reaction—toputitontheNRHP

McDonald’sreaction—toabandonthebuilding

People’sreaction—totakepictures……TextstructureLanguagepointsdesigndevisedesign:tomakeadrawingorplandevise(v.)想出，设计出toinventdevice(n.)手段，方法；装置

0406/42.

I

must

congratulate

you

____

the

excellent

design

of

the

new

bridge.

A)

with

B)

at

C)

onD)

of0309/56.LouisHerman,attheUniversityofHawaii,has________aseriesofnewexperimentsinwhichsomeanimalshavelearnedtounderstandsentences.

A)installedB)equippedC)devisedD)formatted……thebuildingwasdamagedinaearthquake.(L13)damage

价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复,Theheavyraindamagedmanyhouses.destroy

彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复,Thattownwasdestroyedinabigfire.ruin毁坏,现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄坏了〞,Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.spoil损坏,搞糟,宠坏Therainhasspoiltmypainting.Ourholidayswerespoiltbybadweather.Theyspoiltheirchildren.

e.g.It’shardwork,Ienjoyit,though.Ican’tstay,butI’llhaveacoffee,though.ManypeopleinthetownofDowneydon’tbelievethatreason,though.(para4)ad.usedattheendofthesentence可是,不过resident

someonewholivesorstaysinaparticularplacereside:v.toliveinaparticularplace

0106/40.Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein____.

A)residentsB)lodgersC)settlersD)inhabitantsresidence居民，政治，人口学概念,inhabitant指自然，地域意义上的居民lodger,房客,settler定居某地的人0306/44.The____offindinggoldinCaliforniaattractedalotofpeopletosettledownthere.

A)prospects

B)speculationsC)stakesD)provisionsrespect(L18),inspector(L25)prospectretrospectrespectsuspectinspectexpectspectaculara.spectatorn.0306/44.The____offindinggoldinCaliforniaattractedalotofpeopletosettledownthere.

A)prospects

B)speculationsC)stakesD)provisions

…closedowntherestaurant……teardownslowdownclosedown0506/46.Thecompanyistryingeverymeansto______thewholesalepriceofitsproducts.

A)pulldownB)bringdown

C)putdownD)setdowntostopoperatingpermanently(ofabuilding)topulldown,destroydenyv.denialn.

1.tosaythatsomethingisnottrue,

orthatyoudonotbelievesomething

I'veneverdeniedthatthereisahousingproblem.Ican'tdenyherremarkshurtme.Twomenhavedeniedmurderingawomanataremotepicnicspot.deny(that)denydoingsthShecoulddenyhersonnothing.ThisistheonlycountryinEuropetodenycancerscreeningtoitscitizens.

0309/68.Theywere________admissiontothemilitaryexhibitionbecausetheywereforeigners.

A)deniedC)deprived

B)declinedD)rejected2.torefusetoallowsomeonetohaveordosomethingdenysbsthdenysthtosb0309/68.Theywere________admissiontothemilitaryexhibitionbecausetheywereforeigners.

A)deniedC)deprived

B)declinedD)rejectedremove1.totakesomethingawayfrom,outof,orofftheplacewhereitisRemovetheoldwallpaperandfillanyholesinthewalls.

2.toforcesomeoneoutofanimportantpositionordismissthemfromajobremovesthfromsthReferencebooksmaynotberemovedfromthelibrary.removesbfromsthCongresscouldremovethePresidentfromoffice.……,thisexplanationmakessensetothehistorians.

Whydidshedoathinglikethat?Itdoesn'tseemtomakesense.

amanofsense有理智的人commonsense常识[理]asenseofresponsibility责任感asenseofhumour幽默感inasense在某种意义上来说ifsomethingmakessense,thereseemstobeagoodreasonorexplanationforit有意义,合[有]理sensitiveadj.敏感的,灵敏的sensibleadj.有感觉的,明智的,有判断力的0312/70.Someplantsarevery

_____tolight;theyprefertheshade.

A)sensible

C)objective

B)flexible

D)sensitive0312/70.Someplantsarevery

_____tolight;theyprefertheshade.

A)sensible

C)objective

B)flexible

D)sensitive

putputup

建造，支起搭起,张贴puton穿上，戴上；上演增加(体重)putforward提出,推举出putout熄灭，出版,生产；伸出putoff

推迟

putaway

放好，收好

putaside储存…备用，保存把…放在一边putupwith忍受,容忍putacross/over解释清楚使被理解NationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces国家历史遗迹名册v.toputsomeone'sorsomething'snameonanofficiallistHowmanystudentshaveregisteredforEnglishclasses?Youmustbringyourinsurancecardwithyouwhenyouregisterwithadentistordoctor.registerabirth/death/marriagen.anofficiallistofnamesofpeople,companiesetc,Haveyousignedthehotelregister?0501/33.Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadto______withthelocalpolice.

A)inquire

B)consult

C)

register

D)resolve0501/33.Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadto______withthelocalpolice.

A)inquire

B)consult

C)register

D)resolvehistorichavingimportanceinorinfluenceonhistory在历史上重要的,有历史意义的,有历史影响的e.g.ahistoricmeetingofworldleadershistoricalreferstowhateverexistedinthepast,anythingconcernedwithhistoryorthestudyofthepast历史上的e.g.ahistoricalnovel,historicalcharacters

historianhistorichistoricalhistoryTogoawayfromaplace,vehicle,etc.especiallybecausethesituationmakesitimpossibleforyoutostay抛弃

Theyweregiventheordertoabandonthesinkingship.Toleavesomeone,especiallysomeoneyouareresponsiblefor

Howcouldsheabandonherownchild?遗弃Togiveup

放弃

Becauseofthefogtheyabandonedtheirideaofdriving.0312/63.ItisreportedthatUruguayunderstandsand

_____

Chinaonhumanrightsissues.

A)grants

C)abandons

B)changes

D)

backsabandonTheytakepictures……beforeit’stakenaway.(L45)Shewhiskedthetrayoffthetableandtookitaway.Hewastakenawaytobeginaprisonsentence.Thisshouldtakesomeofthepainaway.1.toremovesomeoneorsomething,ormakesomethingdisappear0309/70.Residentswerecuttingtheirlawns,washingtheircarsandotherwise________apleasant,sunnyday.

A)idlingaway

B)takingaway

C)chasingawayD)drivingaway2.ifyoubuyfoodtotakeaway,youbuycookedfoodfromarestaurantandtakeitoutsidetoeatitsomewhereelsetakeafter(外貌、性格)与(父、母等)相像takedown拆卸；记下，写下takein吸收，接纳；理解；欺骗；takeoff脱下；起飞；takeon呈现，承担，takeover接受，接管；taketo对…产生好感，开始喜欢；takeup开始从事；着手处理；占去，占据；takeWriteanoteofrequest(P.102)Writeanotetoyourbosstorequestasalaryraise

Nov.18,TuesdayDearMr.Harper,Iwishtobringtoyourattentionthefactthatmyperformancehasimprovedsignificantlyoverthepastthreemonths.NowIamabletohandlemorecustomersperhour,evenmorethansomeskilledworkersintherestaurant,andImakemuchfewerdeliverymistakesthanbefore.Therefore,intheinterestoffairness,Irequestanappropriateraiseinsalary.Sincerely,LiMingWriteanessayonthefollowingtopicaccordingtotheoutlineMyViewontheWesternFastFood洋快餐在中国很流行人们吃洋快餐的原因洋快餐的弊端要健康饮食Writing(supplementarymaterial)4步快速写作流程①审题与构思②打腹稿③行文落笔④核查错误核查错误

1．句子是否有明确的主语误：Tooeasyortoodifficultisnogoodforus.正：Thebookswhicharetooeasyortoodifficultarenogoodforus.误：Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.正：Throughreadingonecanacquireknowledge.2．可数名词与不可数名词是否用得正确误：TVpresentsuswithmanyusefulinformations.正：TVpresentsuswithalotofusefulinformation.information,advice,knowledge,work等都是不可数名词3．时态选取是否正确误：Wecollegestudentshadenoughtimetotakeapart-timejob,nomatterhowbusywewere...正：Wecollegestudentshaveenoughtimetotakeapart-timejob,nomatterhowbusyweare...论说文一般都是用现在时态。只有举例，表达过去的事才会用到过去时。4.是否有谓语动词或

只有一个谓语形式的动词误：Ifnoelectricity,allactivitiessuchaswatchingTVandseeingmovieswillbeimpossible.正：Ifthereisnoelectricity,allactivitiessuchaswatchingTVandseeingmovieswillbeimpossible.误：Peoplethinkgotothemoviewillcostalotofmoney.正：Peoplethinkthatgoingtothemoviewillcostthemalotofmoney.4.是否有谓语动词或

只有一个谓语形式的动词误:Therearemanypeopletakepartinsportsandgamesnow.正:Manypeopletakepartinsportsandgamesnow.误:Althoughdifficultyisexist,wecanovercomeit.正:Althoughdifficultyexists/doesexist,wecanovercomeit.5.代词泛指是否一致误：Eachofusmaytakeapart-timejobtohelpsupportourselves,butifyouspendtoomuchtimeonit,yourstudywillbeaffected.正：Eachofusmaytakeapart-timejobtohelpsupportourselves,butifwespendtoomuchtimeonit,ourstudieswillbeaffected.6．词性是否使用正确误：ThecomputerlikeTV,ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.正：LikeTV,thecomputerhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

误：Computersbringconvenienttomywork.正：Computersbringconveniencestomywork.Translation翻译基本技巧增词法英译汉时，根据意义上、结构上和修辞上的需要可以加一些词，使译文既忠实于原文又通顺、流畅。这种翻译的方法叫做增词法。但是增词决不等于增意，而是要把潜在于原文字里行间的意思充分表达出来。虚加：出于语法考虑，添加虚词〔功能词〕增加表示时态的词

Ithoughtthismachinewouldneverbeanythingbutatoy.我原先以为这部机器不过是一种没有什么价值的玩具。增词表达分句的隐含逻辑关系Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoswimming.由于天气很好，我们决定去游泳。增词表达含蓄条件句Theywouldnothavedonesuchathingwithoutgovernmentapproval.如果没有得到政府的同意，他们是不会做这种事的。

Chapter7

LoveandMarriageLiPengfeiFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel1Weddingsareimportantinnearlyeveryculture.Andeveryculturehasitsownweddingtraditions.Thischapterlooksatsomecustomsfromdifferentcultures.Italsolooksatthehistoryofsomeweddingcustoms.TeachingObjectives●IdentifyargumentsofReading1●FindthetopicsentencestounderstandthemainideasofReading2●keylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructures●Makeandusean“IdeaFile〞toincreasetheircreativityandstoreideasforwriting●GrasptheskillofamplificationintranslationTheTraditionalWesternMarriage.

Romanceisoftenassociatedwithloveandmarriage.“Ido.〞toAmericans,thosetwowordscarrygreatmeaningespeciallyifyousaythematyourownwedding.Thekeyelements(根本组成局部)utilizedinmostWesternweddingceremonies,intheirmostcommonorder,are:1)Introduction,Opening,orInvocationinwhichtheministertypicallyannouncesthepurposeofthegathering,indicatesthenamesofthebrideandgroom,welcomestheguestsandsolicits(请求，恳求)themtoparticipateintheceremonybytheirpresenceand,perhaps,theirprayers.2)MainBodyinwhichtheministerruminates(沉思，反复思考)onthemeaningofmarriageandthesignificanceofthebrideandgroom’sdecisiontojointogetherinwedlock(婚姻).Theministermayalsosharemorecasualremarksaboutthebrideandgroomasheorshehascometoknowthem,andaboutthefitnessoftheirunion.Thisportionoftheceremonymightalsoincludereligiousorotherreadingsbytheministerorbyotherpersonswhohavebeenaskedbythebrideandgroomtospeak3)IntroductiontotheVowsinwhichthe

ministerexplainsthesignificanceofthevowswhichthecouplearegoingtoexchange.4)Vowsinwhichthebrideandgroomindividuallyaffirmtheircommitmenttoeachother,inresponsetoquestionsposedbytheminister;theresponsesusuallytaketheformof“Ido〞or“Iwill〞.IntheWesternChristiantradition,thisisthepointatwhichtheyareofficiallymarried.5)ExchangeofRingsinwhichthecouple,usuallyrepeatingphrasesattheminister’sdirection,declaretheircommitmenttoeachotherandplaceaweddingringonthehandoftheirbetrothed(未婚夫或妻).InthewesternJewishtradition,thisisthepointatwhichtheyareofficiallymarried.6)AnnouncementoftheCoupleinwhichtheministerannouncesthatthecoupleisofficiallywed.thismayalsoincludeafinalprayerorbenediction(祝福，祝愿),theministerindicatingthatthegroommay“kissthebride〞,and/ortheminister“introducing〞thenewlymarriedcoupletotheguests..Attheweddingreception,thebrideandgroomgreettheirguests.Thentheycuttheweddingcakeandfeedeachotherabite.Guestsminglewhileenjoyingcake,andothertreats.Laterthebridethrowsherbouquetofflowerstoagroupofsinglegirls.Traditionsaysthattheonewhocatchesthebouquet(花束)willbethenexttomarry.Duringthereception,playfulfriends“decorate〞thecouple’scarwithtissuepaper,tincansanda“JustMarried〞sign.Whenthereceptionisover,thenewlywedsgettotheir“decorated〞carandspeedoff.Manycouplestakeahoneymoon,aone-to-two-weekvacationtrip,tocelebratetheirnewmarriageReadingIBridesforSale?●GettingReadytoRead1.Warm-upReading1presentstheargumentsofAfricansforandagainstlobola.Beforeyoureadit,discussthefollowingquestionswithyourclassmates.1)Describesomeimportantweddingtraditions,accordingtoyourknowledge.2)Doyouthinkweddingsareimportanttofamilies?3)Explainwhysomepeoplesupportthecustomoflobola.4)StatethereasonswhysomeAfricansthinklobolashouldbestopped.5)Whatisyouropinionaboutlobola?2.WorkouttheoutlineofthetextFromthequestionmarkinthetitle,wecanfigureoutthewritingstyleofthetext:argumentation.1)Introduction:ThecustomoflobolaisbeingdebatedinBotswana.(Para.1)2)Argumentsforlobola(Para.2-4)a)LobolashowsthatfamilyarecomingtogetherandisaformofgenerosityinAfricanculture.(Para.2)b)Thetraditionoflobolawasamatterofpride.(Para.3)c)Althoughthesupportersknowsomepeopleabusethecustom,theybelievelobolashouldjustbeexplainedbetterratherthangetridofit.(Para.4)3)Argumentsagainstlobola(Para.5-7)a)Lobolalooksbadbecauseithasbecomecommercializedandfamiliesmakelotsofdemandsonthegroom.(Para.5)b)Lobolaisoutdatedbecausethereisnoneedtocompensatefamiliesforthelossofadaughterasmaleandfemalechildrenareequal.(Para.6)c)Lobolaisafinancialburdenforthecouple.(Para.7)4)Conclusion:ThedebateoflobolacontinuesinBotswana,asdoesthecustom.(Para.8)

●LanguageStudy

2.Althoughitisanoldcustom,noteveryoneinAfricanculturesishappywithit.Infact,itisbeingdebatedinBotswana.(Para.1)bebeing+动词的过去分词=被动语态的现在进行时e.g.Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.正在修建一条新铁路。Themachineisbeingrepairedintheschoolfactory.机器正在校办工厂修理。debatea)v.todiscussasubjectformallywhenyouaretryingtomakeadecisionorfindasolution争论，辩论e.g.TheissuewillbedebatedonTuesday.b)n.adiscussioninvolvingopposingpoints争论，辩论e.g.Thenewdrughasbecomethesubjectofheateddebatewithinthemedicalprofession.Therewasmuchlivelydebateaboutwhetherwomenshouldspendmoretimeinthehome.3.TheyexplainthatinTswanaculture,amarriagemeansjoininginafamily,notjustmarryinganindividual.(Para.2)meanv.(pt,ppmeant)1)(ofwords,sentences,etc)signify(指词、句)表示…的意思，含…之意e.g.Adictionarytriestotellyouwhatwordsmean.2)beasignof;belikelytoresultin；(inthatcasethewordmeanisusuallyfollowedbyagerund,ratherthanbyaninfinitiveverbto)为…的征兆；意味；可能造成〔后接动名词〕e.g.Thesenewordersforourmanufactureswillmeanworkingovertime.这些订购我们产品的新订单意味着要加班。3)mean(by):haveasapurpose;intend;referto意指；方案，意欲，企图e.g.Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?你那样说是什么意思？I’msorryifIhurtyourfeelingsIdidn’tmeanto.假设我伤了你的感情，真对不起——我并不是成心的。(alsoseetheusageofitinSentence3,Para4)individual1)n.aperson,consideredseparatelyfromtherestofthegrouporsocietythathelivesin个人，个体e.g.thefreedomoftheindividual个人自由Meanwhile,philosophersdebatewhetherit’srighttocloneanindividual.2)a.belongingtoorintendedforonepersonratherthanagroup个别的，单独的，个人的e.g.Eachindividualleafonthetreeisdifferent.树上的每一片叶子都不相同。Youcanhavethebathroomdesignedtosuityourindividualneeds.4.Throughmarriage,theyoungwoman’sfamilylosestheirdaughteras

shethenbecomesapartofherhusband’sfamily.(Para.2)

asconj.1)usedtostatewhyaparticularsituationexistsorwhysomeonedoessomething由于e.g.Asitwasgettinglate,Iturnedaroundtostartforhome.2)usedtosaythatwhatyouaresayingisalreadyknownorhasbeenstatedbefore正如e.g.David,asyouknow,hasnotbeenwelllately.AsNapoleononcesaid,attackisthebestmethodofdefense.3)though尽管e.g.Difficultasitshouldbe,wemustfulfillthetaskintime.Cf.表示原因的连词as，since，because，for

表示原因的连词as，since，because，for这些表示原因的连词在意义上和用法上都不尽相同。在用法方面，because,since,as都是附属连词，用来引导原因状语从句；而for是并列连词，用来连接分别表示结果和原因的两个并列分句。because是这四个连词中语势最强的一个，它表示的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，而且通常是造成某一结果的直接原因，因此由它所引导的原因状语从句往往是句中最重要的局部，于是也就经常被放在句末〔当然有时也可以放在句首〕。例如：Shetookoffherjacketbecauseshefelthot.她脱下上衣，因为她觉得很热。IwaslatebecauseImissedthebus.我迟到是因为我误了车。Becauseitwasraining,Ididn’tgooutforawalk.因为下雨，所以我没出去散步。since和as区别不大〔since比as略为正式〕，通常表示听话人的原因。带有since/as的句子的侧重点往往在于结果，而原因只是附带说明。由since/as引导的原因状语从句经常放在句首〔也可以放在句末〕。例如：Sinceyousayso,Imustbelieveit.既然你这么说，我得相信你。Asyouwon’thelp,Ihavetodothejobmyself.既然你不肯帮助，我只好自己做。for后面的分句通常表示较间接的原因，有时是对造成某一结果的原因作补充说明，如下例〔1〕；有时是为所作的推断或预见提供理由，如下例〔2〕。for后面的分句只可放在句末，前面通常用逗号或破折号与前一分句隔开。例如：〔1〕Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.他今天没来，因为他病了。〔2〕Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚肯定下过雨了，因为地上是湿的。〔3〕Itwillrain,forit’sgettingdark.要下雨了，因为天暗下来了。请注意,在以下情况下,只能用because,不能用其他连词:1.在答复以why开头的问题时。例如：A:Whycan’tIgo?我为什么不能去？B:Becauseyouaretooyoung.因为你太小。2.在only,just,simply等副词以及否认词not或not…but结构之后。例如：Hegotangryjustbecausesomeonespokeillofhim.他勃然大怒，只是因为有人说他的坏话。Ilikethejob,notbecauseit’seasy,butbecauseit’sdifficult.我喜欢这个工作，不是因为它容易，倒是因为它很难。3.在itis之后。例如：Ifyoufeelcold,itisbecauseyoudidn’tputonyourovercoat.如果你觉得冷，那是因为你没穿大衣。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcometotheclass.他没来上课是因为他病了。5.TheideaofmarryingintoafamilyisveryAfrican.Awomandiesnotgetmarriedtojusttheman.Throughmarriage,theyoungwoman’sfamilylosestheirdaughterasshethenbecomesapartofherhusband’sfamily.(Para.2)marryv.takeasahusbandorwife结婚，娶，嫁e.g.JohnisgoingtomarryJane.汤姆要和简结婚。TomandAlicearegoingtogetmarr