2025学位英语考试400个英语语法公式

abasketofeggsagroupofchildrentwoboxesofpenstwobasketsofapplesapieceofchalkabitofbreadtwoglassesofmilkthreecupsofcoffee单数名词词尾+’sthechildren’stoystoday’snews复数名词词尾(s结尾Myparents’hometownisvery007A(+B...)+andC+’sProfessorWangisLiMingandLiLing’sA+’s(+B+’s...andC+’sTim’sandPeter’fathersbothteachinthesameThewindowsofthathouseare名词+of+名词的’sIhaveonlyreadfourbooksofmany等+agreatmany，quiteafew等。Hemadeagreatmanymistakes.much等+agood/greatdealof，agood/great/largeamountof等。Wegotlittlehelpfromthem.alotof等+复数可数名词/不可数名词plentyof，lotsof，quantitiesof，aquantityof等。SomepoliceofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemAsquarehasfoursides.ThetigeriswithoutdoubtthemostmagnificentofthebigPlasticishardtobreakup.HewasborninasmallmountainousvillageinGuizhouThestorytookplaceinanOctoberinthe208010WorkingwithJaneisagreata/an+fograinsnowwind等前面用不定冠词，表示“一……”I’dlikeacoffeeandachickensandwich,IvisitedachurchinJinan.Thechurchwasbuiltintheearly20thesun/earthAstimegoeson,wewillknowmoreaboutthe024WearesaidtobelivingintheInformationAge,atimeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.fromthebehindtotherightThenewistotaketheplaceofthethe+在表示被演奏的西洋乐器、文艺活动或运动场IplaytheguitarintheschoolThefatherledhisdaughterbythehandandwalkedintothesuch/what/halfa/an(+形容词HehasneverwrittensuchaninterestingbookasLilyistooyoungachildtobeleftbyherselfatquite/rathera/an(+形容词)+Ihadquite/ratheraneasytestAllthestudentsintheclasswentyouhe/she+IYouandIhavedoneourweyou+theyWeyouandtheyareallChinese.hesheHeandshedon’tagreewithItbe/get+形容词/名词/介词短语it用作非人称代词时，常表示天气、日期、ItgetscolderandItbe被强调部分+that...构成强调句，强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，thatwhothat。ItwasnotuntilIcameherethatIrealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.It+be+形容词(+forsb.)+todoItisveryimportantforustomastertheskillsofIt+be+nouse/nogood+doingsth.意为“做…是没用的”Itisnogoodturningtohim.Heisalwaysindifferenttowardsothers’It+be+过去分词+thatItisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.It+be+名词+不定式/that从句itthat从句是句子Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtospeakhere.It+be+形容词+thatItisobviousthathedoesn’tknowhowtorepairaIt+某些动词+thatappear，seem，happenItappearsthatallthefileshavebeenIt+be+(high)time...NowitistimeformetostudyItisthreemonthssincetheycompletedthegreat3It+was/willbe+时间段+before...意为“过多长时间才…；还要多长时间才…”ItwasseveralminutesbeforewerealizedwhatwasIthoughtitappropriatetoinvitehertospeakattheThereisonlyonesuccessintheworld—tobeabletospendyourlifeinyourown世界上只有一种成功,onetheother...意为“(两者中的)一个……，另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisadoctorandtheotherisasomeothers...意为“（不确定范围中的）一些……，另一些……”Someboysareplayingfootball,andothersareplaying051some...theothers...意为“（确定范围中的）一些……，其余的……”Ofthesestudents,somearefromPekingUniversity,andtheothersarefromTsinghuaUniversity.one...another...(theother...)意为“(三者以上中的)一个……，(一个……)，另一Theoldman’sthreedaughtersareallabroad.OneisintheUS,anotherisinEnglandandtheotherseemstobeinFrance.IhavegotafewfriendswholiveSuchwereherwishes.none(+of+复数可数名词或不可数名词）noone，none指代指人或物的可数名of结构；noone只能指代指人的可数名词，后面of结构。Noneofthepeoplepresentagreedtotheplan.基数词hundred/thousand/million复数可数名词意为“……打/百/千/百万……”Therewereaboutsixhundredstudentsintheschoolbuildingduringthe600dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions+of复数可数名词意为“数十/百/千百万……”。●Shewenttothebookstoreandboughtdozensof分钟数+past/after+小时分钟数30分钟内的部分，意为“……点five(minutes)past/afterfive(minutes)toat(theageof)+基数词意为“在……岁时”At(theageof)forty,hebecamethegeneralmanagerofthe40a/an+名词+aged+基数词，名词+of+基数词+yearsold意为“一个……岁的……”Heisanoldmanaged80Mymotherbecameaprofessorinherin+the+年数+s/’s意为“在……世纪……年代”Thiskindofhairstylewasverypopularinthe2090ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsiaGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.Thisstreetistwice/doublethewidthofthatThisroomistwicelargerthanThislineislongerthanthatoneby“第……”a/an意为“另一个，再一个”Inordertofindabetterjob,hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignonSundaymorningonarainynightofAugust18818Ihavesubscribedtothatmagazineforthree3Theoldmanlefthomein1924andcamebackafterthirty1924年离开家，30Thereisapictureonthewall.Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飞机在云层之上飞行。073IdrivepastabigsupermarkettotheofficeeverySomestudentsoftenlistentomusicbetweenclassestorefreshthemselves．except/besides/exceptfor+名词意为“除了……之外”TheofficeisopeneverydayexceptIcutthecakewiththeknife.bebusyin)doingsth.意为“忙于做某事”We’rebusy(in)doinghomeworkafterschooleveryhavedifficulty/troublein)doingsth.意为“做某事有困难”Ihavesometrouble(in)workingoutthisstop/prevent...(fromdoingsth.意为“阻止……做某事”Wemuststophim(from)goingtoswiminthe(Machinesare(of)differenttypesand（for+）时间段/forlast,stay,wait,及表示“位移”Themeetinglasted(for)threehours.3句表示结果。●Seizethechance,oryou’llregretit.ThespringofBeijingisverydrywhilethatofKunmingisDoyougotoschoolbybusoronIthoughtwedbelatefortheconcert,butweendedupgettingthereaheadofNotmoneybutteachersarewhatweHecanbothwritesongsandcomposeYoucantalkwithMrBlackeitherinEnglishorinChinese.你notonly...butalso)...意为“不但……而且……”Henotonlyreadthebook,butalsorememberedwhathehadShelikesneitherbutternorfor+句子意为“……，因为……”Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadysomethinginterestingnothingspecialAustraliaisacountryfamousforitsbeautiful名词+形容词+and/or+andor等连词Peopleinthevillage,youngandold,wenttoseethefilmyesterdayYesterday,aMrBrown,thirtyyearsold,cametovisit30atallgraybuildingthatsquarenewredboxThistableisascleanasthatone.这张桌子和那张一样干净。98...notas/so+形容词原级+as...意为“……不像……一样……”Sheisnotas/sohappyasshepretends.IhaveasmanybooksasTom.Mostdoctorsthinkthatmedicineisasmuchanartasitisa101Therearemuchmoreflowersinsummerthaninwinter.HisFrenchisnotbetterthanyours.HisFrenchisnobetterthanyours.Thecomputerischeaperandthe+形容词比较级...the+形容词比较级...意为“越…,(就)越Theshorterthespeechis,thebetteritYouareaninchtallerthanhim.—Whichoneofthosetwohouseswouldyoubuy?—IwouldbuythelargeronebecauseIhaveabigfamily.我会买那套大一点的，因Whichischeaperthiscomputerorthatone?这台电脑和那台电脑哪一台更便Thisphotoisinferiortothatone.HangzhouBayCross-SeaBridgeisthelongestcross-seabridgeintheworld.杭州...oneofthe+形容词最高级(+名词复数)+范围意为“最…之一”Jimisoneofthecleverestinhisclass.Which/Whoisthe+形容词最高级...,...or...?意为“…，…和…哪一个/谁最Whichisthemostbeautiful,rosejasmineortulip?玫瑰、茉莉、郁金香三种花哪Nothingismorepreciousthantime.Chinaislargerthananyothercountry/allothercountriesinAsia.中国是亚洲最大Ihaven’theardabettervoicethanhers.Thisisamostdifficultquestiontoanswer.Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledasfarasthelocalmarket.在古代，人们很少进行长途跋涉，大多数农民所Itdoesn’trainas/sooftenhereasitdoesinmycountry.这里不如我们国家下雨频Usuallythepaperbackbookismorewidelyacceptedthanthehardcoverone.通常HearrivedattheofficenotearlierthanItoday.LilyspeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanheryoungerbrother.莉莉汉语说得和她Withtimegoingon,wearegettingonbetterandbetterwitheachother.随着时间Thelongerthewarlasts,themorethepeopletherewillsuffer.IlikemoviesbetterthanTVplays.Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehorseridemost.孩子们很喜...too...to...意为“太…而不…”,toHegotuptoolatetocatchthefirsttrain....enoughto...意为“…足以…”，toTheicewasthickenoughtowalkon.—Itwasverycoldyesterday.—Soitwas.Themanrunsslowlyalongtheriveratsixeverymorning.6点Theyplayedfairlywellthereyesterday.YouknowthatIusuallygetupveryearlyeveryday.Verycarefullythedoctorexaminedthepatient’schest.医生非常仔细地检查了病butHeansweredhismotherangrilyandimpatiently.他生气并且不耐烦地回答了他Itsnowedheavilyduringtheholidays.Manypeoplehadtostayathomeinsteadofgoingtravelling.放假期间雪下得很大。许多人没能出去旅游，不得不待在家里。IstudyEnglishveryhard.之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。Susanissocarefulthatsheseldommakesmistakesinherhomework.苏珊很认真，TheJapanesegrammarisquitedifferentfromthatoftheChinesegrammar.日语语主语+动词(短语这类动词（短语）主要是不及物动词（短语），后面不能直接Theteachersandthestudentsalllaughed.Thestorybookisinteresting.Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.这个沿海地区去IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddonefordo/does/did(+not...)+助动词do/does/did帮助实义动词构成否定句、Hedoesn’tdohishomeworkintheevening.shouldWeshallhelphimtofinishthework.be/look/keep/remain+Healwayskeepssilentatmeeting.Shall/Will+主语+do...?该句式表示征求他人的意见，shall用在主语是第一、三人称的问句中；will用在主语是第二人称的问句中。Shallwegoforawalkafterdinner?wouldlike...意为“想要……”It’ssocoldtoday.Iwouldlikeacupofhotwater.wouldratherdo...wouldratherdo...thando...,woulddo...ratherthando...是常见Toenjoythescenery,Sallywouldratherspendlonghoursonthetrainthantravelbyair.为了欣赏风景，萨莉旅行时宁愿坐几个小时的火车也不愿乘飞机。cannotbutdo...意为“只好做……”,buttoWecannotbutadmirehisdetermination.can’thelpdoing.../can’thelpbutdo...意为“禁不住做……”Ican’thelplaughingseeingthispicture.cannot/cannever...too...意为“再…也不为过；越…越好”Youcannotbetoocarefultocrosstheroad.Heusedtoliveinasmallvillage,butnowhehasbeenusedtolivinginthebighadbetternot)do...意为“最好（不）做…”Youhadbetterleavenowifyouwanttoarriveontime.如果你想准时到达，最好musthavedone...意为“一定/准是做过……”，表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯Sheknowsthestoryverywell.Shemusthavereadthebook.她对这个故事很熟悉，couldnothavedone...MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Whocouldhavetakenit?我的英shouldnothavedone...表示与过去事实相反的情况，意为“过去本（不）该做某Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.他们本应该在neednothavedone...表示与过去事实相反的情况，意为“过去本不必做某事”Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhour主语+am/is/are...Iamastudent.主语+am/is/are+not...Iamnotastudent.Am/Is/Are+主语...Areyououtofwork?特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语...?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修饰主语时不Whereareyoufrom?你从哪里来主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式...Heenjoysplayingcomputergamesafterfinishingawholeday’swork.完成一整天主语+do/does+not+动词原形...Idon’tplayfootballverywell.Do/Does+主语+动词原形...Doyouoftengotoschoolbybike?你经常骑自行车去上学吗特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形...特殊疑问句(疑问词作主语或修饰主语Wheredotheyoftengointheirholidays?他们假期都经常去哪里主语+am/is/are+现在分词...Iamsittingonarockneartheriverwithmyfriends.我正和我的朋友们坐在河边主语+am/is/are+not+现在分词...I’mnotworkinginthecompanynow.Is/Are+主语+现在分词...Aretheyplayingtennisnow?特殊疑问词+is/are+主语+现在分词...?（特殊疑问词作主语或修饰主Whereishemakingspeechnow?主语+shall/will+动词原形...肯定句(shallwill，其他人称一般用TheywillmakeatourinLondonthissummervacation.今年暑假他们要去伦敦主语+shall/will+not+动词原形...Hewillnotparticipateintheparty.Willhetelephoneyouatsixoclocktonight?6特殊疑问词+shall/will+主语+动词原形...?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修WhatwilltheydotocelebratetheChristmasDay?为了庆祝圣诞节他们会做些什主语+am/is/are+现在分词...Iammeetingmyfatheratthestationatfiveo’clock.5Iamgoingtoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.我今天下午要参加一个WearetoseeourEnglishteachernextSunday.我们下个星期天要去看我们的英Sitdown,everyoneThefilmisabouttostart.主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式...Thefinalexamtakesplacenextweek.主语+have/has+过去分词...Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部主语+have/has+not/never+过去分词...Iamcallingbecausewehavenotreceivedaresponse.我打电话是因为我们还没Have/Has+主语+过去分词...Hasyourbrotheralreadydonehishomework?特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词...特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修Howlonghaveyouhadthisnicecar?主语+was/were...Youwereabsentfromschooltwodaysago.主语+was/were+not...Ouroriginalplanwasn’tverygood.Was/Were+主语...Washebusyyesterdayafternoon?特殊疑问词+was/were+主语...特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修饰主语时Whowasintheofficethen?主语+动词过去式...Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyouordered,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.如果你主语+did+not+动词原形...Wedidnothaveagoodtimeyesterday.Did+主语+动词原形...？Didheknowthesecretthen?特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形...特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修饰主Whendidtheygothere?主语+was/were+现在分词...Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistantwasgivinginhisplacebut,luckilyeverythingwasgoingonsmoothly.经理很担心助理代替他举主语+was/were+not+现在分词...Weweren’tholdingameetingbetween8:00and9:00lastSundaymorning.上周日8:009:00之间我们没在开会。Weretheyplayingfootballallthewholeafternoon?他们一整个下午都在踢足球特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词...特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修Whatwashedoingatthetimeofthefireyesterday?主语+would/should+动词原形...Theywereconfidentthattheywouldreachtheiraim.主语+would/should+not+动词原形...Theysaidtheywouldnotgiveupeasily.主语+had+过去分词...—Whatamistake!—Yes.Ihadsuggestedhisdoingitanotherwaybutwithoutsuccess.是的，我曾建议主语+had+not+过去分词...Bynineo’clockyesterdayeveninghehadntgothome.9点他Had+主语+过去分词...HadyoureceivedhermessagebeforeyouleftforBeijing?你去北京前收到她的信特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词...特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或修饰主HowlonghadhestudiedFrenchbythetimehewassixteen?16主语+have/has+been+现在分词...I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyouhavebeenstudyingsohardthis201主语+have/has+not+been+现在分词...HehasnotbeenwatchingTValltheday.Haveyoubeenwaitinglongforme?特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+现在分词...？特殊疑问句（特殊疑问词作主Whohasbeeneatingmyapples?主语+be+过去分词(+by...)...Thestudentswereaskedtostayintheclassroombecauseofthestorm.因为暴风雨，主语+be+not+过去分词(+by...)...Hewasnottoldwhenthemeetingwasheld. 一般疑问—IsthiskitemadebyLiMing?特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)...?特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词作主语或Whatwasstolenlastnight?一般现在时主语+am/is/are+过去分词ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.一般过去时主语+was/were+过去分词IwasofferedabetterpositionatIBM.因为IBM:Thespeechwillbegivenatthelecturehallthisevening.今晚的讲座将在演讲厅:Theyweretoldthattheywouldbesenttothearmywhentheyfinishedtraining.他现在进行时主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词Thebridgetoitisbeingrepaired.过去进行时主语+was/were+being+过去分词Hewasbeingoperatedonatthattime.:Nopermissionhasbeengiventoanybodytoenterthebuilding.不允许任何人进入过去完成时主语+had+been+过去分词Beforehetoldus,thetimetablehadbeenchanged.主语+情态动词+be+过去分词(+by...)...Ithinkaliensmightbefoundinspace.主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词(+by...)...Suchmistakescan’tbemadeagain.情态动词+主语+be+过去分词(+by...)...?Musttheseyoungtreesbewateredeveryday?特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词（+by...)...?(特殊疑问词Wherecanthebookbebought?Theyarecleaningthehouse.→Thehouseisbeingcleanedbythem).他们正在打Myauntgavemeanapple.→Iwasgivenanapple(bymyAnapplewasgiventomebymyaunt).Hemadethebabylaugh.→Thebabywasmadetolaugh(byhim).那个婴儿被(他短语动词的被动语态形式Wehavesentforadoctor.→Adoctorhasbeensentforbyus).(我们)已经派人去主动形式表示被动意义主语+系动词+Theseorangestastenice.need/want/requiredoing...作“需要”needwantrequire等后的动名词Theflowerswantwatering.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.未来生活是什么样子，这get+过去分词此结构是一种被动形式，getbe一样起助动词作用，一般用来Becarefulnottogetburntbythesun.Todo...+be+形容词/名词...Tohelpthepoorishisduty.it作形式主语，而把不定式置于句末。(=Itishisdutytohelpthepoor.)Mygoalistobeagreatwriter.主语+及物动词+todo...Theydeterminedtostartearly.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.主语+及物动词+宾语+todo...toWeadvisedhimtobuythecheapercomputer.我们劝他买那一台比较便宜的电名词/代词+todo...Thelastonetoarrivepaysthemeal.(not)+toinorder(not)soasnot)+todo...Inordernottobelateshecutacrossthefields.so+形容词/副词+astodo...too+形容词/副词+todo...形容词/副词+enough+todo...Theboxistooheavytocarry.Thebookischeapenoughtobuy.Theyheardhimsingasonginthemeetingroom.他们听见他在会议室唱了一首Doing+be+名词/形容词...Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.itItis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth.Itis/wasuseful/uselessdoingsth.句式中。Itisnousetalkingtothemanlikehim.主语+be+doing...Seeingisbelieving.(=Toseeistobelieve.)主语+及物动词+doing...Iinsistonleavinghimaloneathome.stopdoing...Toprotecttheenvironment,mostsupermarketsinChinastoppedprovidingfreeplasticbags.为了保护环境，中国的大部分超市不再免费提供塑料袋。stoptodo...Let’sstoptobeginourclass.forget/rememberdoing...忘记/Heforgottellingheraboutthefinalexam.他不记得已告诉过她关于期末考试的forget/remembertodo...忘记/Don’tforgettosendmeamessagewhenyougethome.到家后，不要忘记给我发meandoing...意味着做Mynewjobwillmeantravellingallovertheworld.我的新工作需要在世界各地到meantodo...打算做Ididn’tmeantoupsetyou.regretdoing...后悔以前曾做过HowoftenIhaveregrettednottakinghisadvice!regrettodo...很遗憾要做Iregrettoinformyouthatyourcontractwillnotberenewed.我很遗憾地通知你，trydoing...试着做Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedlivingalone,shedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.苏珊不想再依赖父母，她尝试着一个人生活，trytodo...努力去做Hetriedtostandup,butfailed.meantodo表示“打算做Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.meandoing表示“意味着做Doingthatmeanswastingtime.goontodo表示“继续做……（非同一件事Hewentontospeakofhiswarexperiences.goondoing表示“继续做……（同一件事）”Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.祈使句：Be/动词原形+you,Behereontimenexttimeoryou’llbepunished.下次按时到，否则你将会受到惩Letmetellyoutheanswer.Don’t/Never+动词原形+Don’tletthewaterrunintotheroom.AreyouLily’snewclassmates?certainlysurelyofcourseIthinkso,allright,notatall,neversorry,notyet,I’mafraidnot等来回答。特殊疑问词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+特殊疑问词作HowlonghasBobbeencollectingstamps?Didyouputthebookintheboxorontheshelf?你把书放在箱子里了还是放在书Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,didn’tI?我告诉他们不是每—Shecan’tswim,canshe?—Yes,shecan.不，她会。/No,shecan’t.反意疑问句：Noone/Nobody...+谓语...，谓语he。Noonewastherethatday,washe/werethey?Everythingthathesaidistrueisn’tit?That’sawonder,isn’tit?Thoseareyours,aren’tthey?反意疑问句：Therebe...，谓语Therebe句式时，其反意疑问句的附加问句仍用“...there”Thereisawonderfulpowerinsteam,isn’tthere?水蒸气有一种惊人的力量,是反意疑问句：willyou/won’twillyou,won’tyouwillyouComeandplayfootballwithus,willyou/won’tyou?过来和我们一起踢足球，好Don’tplayPing Pongintheclassroom,willyou?不要在教室里打乒乓球，好反意疑问句：Let’s...,shallwe?Letus/Letme...,willyou？Let’shavelunchtogethershallwe?Letussolvetheprobleminprivatewillyou?我们私下里解决这个问题吧，好It’sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustraliaisn’tit?这是他第一次去澳大利亚，Idon’tthink/suppose/expect/imagine/believe等+(主语、Idon’tthinkhewillcome,willheWhatafoolishmistakeIhavemade!我犯了一个多么愚蠢的错误啊LookatthepictureHowbeautifulSanyais!I’llgotherethissummerholiday.看这Howtimeflies!S+vi.：主语+不及物动词（短语Birdscanfly.Iputthenewspapersonthetable.Theseflowersareverybeautiful.MyparentsboughtmeaniceChristmaspresent.我父母给我买了一件精美的圣诞Theypaintedthedoorred.简单句+and等+and,notonly...butFallinginloveisonethingandgettingmarriedisanother.恋爱是一回事，结婚是并列举：简单句+or等+oreither...or...Shallwegoouttothecinemaorstayathome?我们是出去看电影还是待在家并列举：简单句+but等+but,yet,whileHehasalotofmoneybuthedoesnothavemanyfriends.他有很多钱但是没有Ourcaseswereheavy,sowetookataxi.Whethershewilljoinusdoesnotmattertoomuch.她是否会加入到我们中来并不Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchagoodlecture.你错过了一场这么好的讲座真是that,whetherwhat,who,which或连接副when,where,how等。that引导的宾语从句：主句+thatIthoughtthat13Maywouldbethedateoftheelection.513日是选举的that主语+系动词+afraid/sorry/sure/glad/angry等+that引导的Iamafraidthatyoucan’ttakephotoshere.what,who,whom,whosewhich等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thavewhatwehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.我们应该珍惜粮食，想想那些不能像我们一样有吃有喝when,wherehow,why等在从句中作状语,Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewwhyshewassoangry.辛迪重重地关上了门，并且大哭了起来。办公室里没有一Didhetellyouwhether/ifhewouldcomethenextday?他告诉你他第二天是否I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.动词+whetherornotIdon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.我不知道他们是否会来帮Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingthenextweek.我们讨论了WhetherthisistrueornotIamnotsure.主句+whether引导的宾语从句+ifHeaskedmewhetherIwouldmovetoNewYorkifIgotthejob.他问我如果我得That’swhyIwantyoutoworkhere.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该做这项工作，这who代替。who/whom作宾语时可以省略。Theprofessor(who/whom)Ievertoldyouaboutiscomingsoon.我曾经跟你谈起“the+名词+ofwhich/whom”Theoldtemplewhoseroofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.那座屋顶在先行词是指事物的名词，whichChinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.我拒绝whenOccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我和孩whereStephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetwherelifehasdevelopedgradually.斯蒂芬·霍金认为地球不可能是唯一一个逐渐有生命衍生whyreasonTellmethereasonwhyshewaslate.请告诉我她迟到的原因。301先行词+介词+关系代词+定语从句ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeagarden.我过去住的房子已经变成先行词，+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定语从句非限制性Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,whentheaudiencecanbuy(先行词，+)as引导的定语从句Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.时间状语从句:主句+when/while/as引导的时间状语从句when/while/as意为“当……时候”Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.客人们快吃完饭的时间状语从句:主句+assoonas/directly/immediately等引导的时间状语从句IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.时间状语从句:主句+before/after引导的时间状语从句IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.时间状语从句:主句+since引导的时间状语从句MaryhasbeeninShanghaisincesheleftBeijing.玛丽自从离开北京后就一直时间状语从句:主句+till/until引导的时间状语从句Iwillstayhereuntilyoucomeback.原因状语从句：主句+because/as/since引导的原因状语从句Asalltheseatswerefull,hehadtostandup.because,since,as的区别地点状语从句：主句+where/wherever引导的地点状语从句Youcangowhereveryoulikethesedays.让步状语从句：疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句Toshowourrespect,weusuallyhavetotakeourglovesoffwhoeverwearetoshakehandswith.为了表示我们的尊重，不论要跟谁握手，我们通常都要摘掉手引导让步状语从句时，疑问词-ever可与“nomatter+疑问词”互换。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillbewithyou.让步状语从句：主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhoughhedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.即使不条件状语从句：主句+if/unless/aslongas引导的条件状语从句Let’sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.如果你不是太累的话，我们出去散条件状语从句：主句+so/such...+that+结果状语从句Heworkedsohardthathegotill.目的状语从句：主句+sothat/inorderthat/incase引导的目的状语从句I’llrunslowlysothatyoucancatchupwithme.比较状语从句：主句+than引导的比较状语从句TheweatherwasworsethanIhadexpected.比较状语从句：主句+as引导的比较状语从句FrenchisasfamiliartohimasEnglish.方式状语从句：主句+as引导的方式状语从句asif/asthoughYououghttodoasPaultellsyou.asif引导的方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时，从句常用虚拟语气。Sheclosedhereyesasthoughshewasverytired.If...did/were...，主语+would/should/could/mightdo...表示与现在事实相反的从句用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”Ifyouwerethemanagerwewouldnotbesotired.如果你是经理，我们就不会这If...haddone...，主语+would/should/could/mighthavedone...表示与过去事实Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthe如果我们走了另一条路的话，或许就能及时赶到这里开会了。（陕西If...did/weretodo/shoulddo...，主语+would/should/could/mightdo...表示与Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.If...haddone...，主语+wouldIfhehadsetoutearlierhewouldbehomenow.如果他早点出发的话，他现在就If...shoulddo...，主语+wouldhaveIfsheshouldleave,Iwouldhaveheardaboutit.Should/Were/Had+(从句)主语+谓语ifshould,werehadif省略，should,were,had提前，构成倒装。、WereIyou(=IfIwereyouIwouldgo.With/Without/Butfor+名词，主语+虚拟语气形式的谓语withwithoutotherwisebutfor等来表示Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.33主句+asif+（从句）主语+did/haddone...asif引导的从句Sheactedasifshehadbeenthehostessyesterday.她昨天表现得就好像她是女主主句+sothat+（从句）主语+should/could/mightsothat意为“为了”Hetookataxitothestationsothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.为了不错过火车，主句+lest+从句（主语+(should)lest意为“唯恐”Theyspokeinwhisperslesttheyshould)beheard....wish(that)+主语+did/haddone/wouldwish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过IwishitwereautumninBeijingalltheyeararound....suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主语Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce....wouldrather+主语+did/hadwouldrather后的从句用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldhim.Itis+形容词/名词/过去分词+that+主语Itisstrangethatthegirl(should)besorude....suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主语Mysuggestionisthatweshould)getstartedsoon.Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+did/shouldItishightimethatyouwenttoschool.ifonly+主语+did/hadIfonlyIhadanotherchance.不可数名词/单数可数名词+单数谓语Stillwaterrunsdeep.动名词/不定式/主语从句+单数谓语Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.时间/距离/价值/重量等+单数谓语Athousandmilesisaverylongdistance.1,000morethanone/manya(n)+单数名词+单数谓语a(n)+单数名词+andahalf+单数谓语意为“不止一个……/许多……”；“一个Morethanonepersonhereisgoingtofindanewjob.这里不止一个人准备找新thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语Asyoucanseethenumberofcarsonourroadskeepsrisingthesedays.正如你看anumberof+复数名词+复数谓语Anumberof begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofeach/every...(andeach/every...)+单数谓语Everypersoninmyfamilyhasbeengivenagift.some-,any-,every-,no-构成的复合不定代词+单数谓语Ifanyoneknowsthetruthoftheaccident,pleasetellthepolice.如果有人知道事故冠词+名词+and+名词+单数谓语Aknifeandforkisonthetable.news/physics/maths/politics/theUnitedStates/James等+单数谓语这些名词虽然以-s结尾，但属于专有名词或不可数名词。Thenewsconcernsyouryoungerbrother.oneof+复数名词+单数谓语Oneofmygoodfriendshasbeenabroadforelevenyears.我的一个好朋友已经在11年了。复数主语+复数谓语Allthestudentsinourclassarehardworking.glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+复数谓语Mybluetrousershavewornout.pairof等单位名词修饰，谓语动词的数要与单位名词的数保people/police/cattle等+复数谓语peoplepolice,cattle是只表示复数意义的集体名词，作主语时,Manypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting....and.../both...and...+复数谓语意为“……和……都”NewYorkandBostonareAmericancities.主语+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/aswellas...+谓语Themotheralongwithhertwochildrengoestotheparkeveryweekend.那位母class/family/group/team等+单数谓语/复数谓语Theclassisthebestoneinthegrade.Thewholeclassarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.全班同学都在认真地听老师some/any/all/therest/分数/百分数等+of+单数名词/不可数名词+单数谓语Someofthemoneywasspentonclothes.some/any/all/therest/分数/百分数等+of+复数名词+复数谓语Allofthepeoplehavegone.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语ZhangNingisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.张宁是会议上onlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语Heistheonlyoneofplayersinourschoolwhohastakenthefirstprize.他是我们...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but(also)...+谓语动词Nofoodorwaterisallowedtobetakenwith.TherebeTherearefourchairsandtwotablesintheroom.Therebe肯定句式：There(+助动词/情态动词)+be+主语be动词前可用情态动词，也可用助动词构成各种时态。Thereisalotofmeatontheplate.Therewillbemoreseriousairpollutionifpeopleusemoreandmorecars.如果人TherebeThere+助动词/情态动词Thereisn’tatelephoneintheroom.TherebeThere+be+not/no+主语Therewillnotbeanyfootballmatchthisweekend.这个周末没有任何足球比Therebe的一般疑问句式：Be动词—Arethereanymagazinesontheshelf?Therebe的一般疑问句式：助动词/情态动词+there+be(+any)+主语Hastherebeenanaccident?Therebe的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词(+名词)+be动词Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Therebe特殊疑问词(+名词)+助动词/情态动词Whatdidthereusetobe?There+stand/lie/live等+主语Therebebestand,lieliveTherestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.Thereseems(seemed)/appears(appeared)tobe+主语Thereseemstobealackofcommunication.whothatthatItwasJackandMarythat/whometwithafunny lookingmanyesterday.昨天是强调句的一般疑问句式：Is/WasIsityourbrotherwhoworksinthatcompany?强调句的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词+is/wasitWhywasitthathecriedyesterday?倒装No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语...Welaughatjokes,butseldomdowethinkabouthowtheywork.我们听到笑话so...that...句式中，so...Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我们几乎only强调状语置于句首时，句子/Onlyifyoueatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.只有倒装：Notuntil...+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语notuntil...置于句首时，句子/Notuntilhelefthishomedidhebegintoknowhowimportantthefamilywasfor倒装：Notonly...+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语...butalso...notonly...置于句首时，其所在的分句用部分倒装。Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butheoftenhelpsotherswiththeir倒装：Hardlyhad+主语Nosoonerhad+主语...+than....hardly,nosooner置于句首时，hardlynosooner所在Hardlyhadheutteredthewordswhenshebeganlaughing.neither/norso；动词的形式与前面的句子JanecomesfromCanadaSodoesMary.Upwenttherocket.分词短语+be动词+Seatedinthefrontweretheguests.Herecomesthebus!省略：I’dlike/love/beglad/behappy—Wouldyouliketojoinmeforaquicklunchbeforeclass?你愿意课前与我一起—I’dliketo,butIpromisedNancytogooutwithher.我愿意，可是我已经答应跟南Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlesswateredeveryday.除非天天浇水，as...aspossible/sb.can表示“尽可能……”Pleasecomeassoonaspossibleyoucan.ifnecessary/possible/any/ever表示“如果有必要/可能/有/曾……”—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?对即将来临的假期你—Yes,ifpossibleI’mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.是的，如果可Whynotdo...？whynot)后一般跟动词原形，很少出现主语或动作的执行者，Whynotgoandasktheteacherforhelp?为什么不去找老师帮忙Whynotrelaxandenjoythefreshair?为什么不休息一下，呼吸点新鲜空气呢doJohnspokeGermanasfluentlyasMarydidwhentheystudiedinmiddleschool.中该结构表示同一人所做的、前面刚提到过的同一动作，so指代刚提到过的想法、Theteacheraskedhimtohandinhiscompositionatonceandhedidso.老师让他主语+do/does/did+that/itdo的主语与前面所—Doyouknowwhobrokethewindow?—IheardJohndidthat.thatsay，tell，repeat，explain，think等。HesaidtomeIhaveleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书落在我的房间里了。if/whether引导的宾语从“DoyoulikeBeckhamshesaidtome.→Sheaskedmeif/whet