2024-2025学年高中英语Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNatureWorldSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary学案含解析外研版必修4

PAGEModule6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNatureWorldeq\o(\s\up7(SectionⅠ),\s\do5())eq\o(\s\up7(Introduction，ReadingandVocabulary),\s\do5())Ⅰ.重点单词1．attackvt.攻击；攻击2．frighteningadj.吓人的→frightenedadj.胆怯 的；受惊的→frightenv．(使)惊恐3．existvi.存在；生存→existencen．存在→existingadj.目前的；现存的4．sightingn．(珍奇动物等的)目击；发觉→sightn．视力，视觉；景象5．mysteriousadj.神奇的→mysteryn．神奇；神奇的事物6．claimvt.声称7．calmadj.安静的；冷静的→calmlyadv.安静地；冷静地→calmnessn．安静；冷静8．scepticaladj.怀疑的；不信任的9．unlikelyadj.不行能的→likelyadj.可能的10．covervt.占地(多大面积)→coveringn．覆盖物Ⅱ.重点短语1．stickout突出，醒目；坚持2．bebackinthenews再次成为新闻3．claimtodosth.声称要做某事4．onthesurfaceof在……的表面5．diveintothewater潜入水中6．bescepticalof/about怀疑7．beunlikelytodosth.不行能……8．coveranareaof占……的面积9．closeup关闭10．gocloseto靠近1．attackvt./n.[C，U]攻击；攻击；(疾病)侵袭Theenemyattackedthiscityduringthenight.敌人在夜间攻击了这座城市。Thediseaseattackedhisbones.疾病已侵袭了他的骨骼。Attackisthebestformofdefense.进攻是最好的防卫。underattack正在遭遇攻击makeanattackon/upon...攻击……aheartattack心脏病突发attacksb.withsth.用某物攻击某人beattackedwithadisease患/害病①Theyoungmanattacked(attack)theoldmanwithaknife.②Hereturnedtohiscountrywhenhiscountryunderattack.③Hewaswalkingonthestreetwhenadogattacked(attack)him.2．frighteningadj.吓人的；令人恐惊的Allthestonefiguresinthetemplelookedsofrightening.庙里全部的石像看上去都那么令人恐惊。Itwasthemostfrighteningexperienceofmylife.这是我一生中最可怕的经验。frightening表示“(事物等)令人惊恐的”；frightened表示“(人等)感到惊恐的”。类似的形容词还有：主动意义被动意义boring令人厌烦的bored感到厌烦的exciting令人激烈的excited感到激烈的tiring令人疲乏的tired感到疲惫的interesting令人感爱好的interested感爱好的relaxing令人放松的relaxed感到放松的Hewasfrightened(frighten)toseethesnake.3．existvi.存在；生存TheRomanEmpireexistedforseveralcenturies.罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。Theideaexistsonlyinthemindsofpoets.这种想法只有诗人才有。Theyexistonverylittlemoney.他们靠极少的钱来生活。existon靠……生存existencen．[U]存在；[sing.]生存Thevillagecameintoexistence(exist)fivehundredyearsago.4．sharpadj.锐利的；尖的；急剧的；(言辞等)尖酸的；敏锐的；急转的Hecutdownatreewithasharpaxe.他用一把锐利的斧子砍倒一棵树。Therewasasharpincreaseintheimportofcottongoodsin1986.1986年，棉织品的进口猛增。She'sgotasharptongue.她说话苛刻。LinTaohasaverysharpmind.林涛头脑敏捷。Thereisasharpbendahead.前面有个急转弯。Thepricesofthedailygoodshaverisensharply(sharp)．5．divevi./n.[C]潜水；跳水Hedivedfromthebridgeandsavedthechild.他从桥上跳入水中，救起那个孩子。Shemadeagracefuldiveintothepool.她优雅地跳入池中。dive及其相关词：Hedivedintothewaterquickly.6．calmadj.安静的；冷静的v．(使)(安静)；(使)冷静Theseawascalm.海上一帆风顺。Hervoiceissurprisinglycalm.她的声音出人意料地冷静。Themothertriedtocalmherchild.母亲试图使孩子安静下来。Wewaitedinsideuntilthingscalmeddown.我们待在里面，直到一切都复原了安静。calmdown(使)安静；(使)冷静calm,still,quiet,silentcalm强调内心的“镇静冷静”或指大海“无浪”、天气“无风”。still侧重于完全不动和完全无声响。quiet表示没有声响、热闹或指性情宁静。silent主要指不出声，但是可以动。Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotos,oneshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeepquiet;inclass,oneshouldn'tkeepsilentabouttheteacher'squestions.一个人面对危急时，应当保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动；当其他人睡觉时，应保持宁静；在课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持缄默。Kate,speakcalmly(calm)ifyouthinkyou'reintheright;there'snoneedtogetangry.7．scepticaladj.怀疑的；不信任的Hegavemeascepticallook.他用怀疑的眼光看我。Thepublicremainscepticaloftheseclaims.公众对这些说法仍持怀疑看法。I'mscepticalabouthischanceofwinning.我怀疑他取胜的可能性。bescepticalof/aboutsth.怀疑某事Heisscepticalof/aboutthistrick.8．unlikelyadj.不行能的[△用作表语]Theprojectseemedunlikelytosucceed.这个项目似乎难以胜利。It'sunlikelythatI'llhaveanyfreetimetomorrow.我明天不行能有空。beunlikelytodosth.不行能做某事belikelytodosth.可能做某事Itisunlikelythat...不行能……Itislikelythat...可能……It'sunlikely(likely)thathewillpayavisittousbecauseit'sraining.9．covervt.占地(多大面积)；覆盖；涉及；行过(一段路)；足以支付n．[C](书的)封面；盖子Ourtowncoversanareaofaboutfivesquarekilometres.我们镇占地约5平方千米。Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.田野被积雪覆盖着。Hisreadingcoversawiderangeofsubjects.他阅读的书籍涉及多个学科。Wecoveredabout30mileseveryday.我们每天大约走30英里。Theawardshouldbeenoughtocoverherschoolfees.这笔奖金应当够她支付学费了。covern．封面；盖子coveranareaof占地面积为……becoveredwith被……覆盖着coverthecostof够付……的费用Itrainedheavilyandthegroundwascovered(cover)withwater.10．claim(1)vt.断言；宣称；声称；主见后面跟that从句作宾语。Heclaimedthattherewasnolifeonthemoon.他断言月球上没有生命。Sheclaimsthatsheisrich，butIdon'tbelieveher.她自称有钱，我却不信。Heclaimedthathewouldbeaking.他声称要做国王。(2)vt.Theyclaimedtoattendtomorrow'smeeting.他们要求出席明天的会议。(3)vt.认领Doesanyoneclaimthisluggage?有人认领这件行李吗？Iclaimedthecoatthattheteacherfound.我认领了老师找到的外套。(4)n.要求；权利；主见；声称Hefoundedhisclaimonfacts.他把他的主见建立于事实之上。Theymadeaclaimforhigherpay.他们提出更高酬劳的要求。Thegovernment'sclaimthatwarwasnecessarywasclearlywrong.政府声称斗争是必定的，这个说法明显是错误的。Nobodybelievedhisclaimthathewasinnocent.他声称他是清白的，但没有人信任。Heclaimedto_have_done(do)alltheworkhimself,butinfactKateandTomdidmostofit.11．closeadv.接近地；靠近地；紧密地Hewasfollowingclosebehind.他正紧紧跟在后面。Theystayedclosetogether.他们紧紧地靠在一起。close与closely①close既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，即形容词和副词同形，表示“距离近”。Comeclose；Iwanttotellyousomething.靠近点，我有事和你说。Wemustallstayclosetogether.我们大家必需待在一块儿。Hedrewherclosetohim.他抱紧了她。②closely的意思是“细致地；细心地；紧密地”，往往指抽象意义。留意在过去分词前要用closely。Studythisclosely；it'sveryimportant.把这个问题细致探讨一下，这个特别重要。Thetwothingsarecloselyinterconnected.这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的。Thisproblemiscloselyconnectedwiththatone.这个问题与那个问题有亲密联系。Heisclosely(close)relatedtothiscase.12．sightingn．目击；发觉；望见，见到Therewasnewsaboutsightingsofmonstersinyesterday'snewspaper.在昨天的报纸上有关于看到怪物的新闻。sightn．视野；视力；[pl.]风景，名胜vt.望见catchsightof望见losesightof看不见atfirstsight乍一看；第一眼comeintosight进入视野atthesightof看到，一看到insight在视线之内outofsight在视线之外①Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.②Whenhewasshopping,hecaughtsightofoneofhisfriends.1．Theyclaimedto_have_discovered(discover)acureforthedisease,butthiswasn'tproved.解析：claimtohavedone声称干过。2．Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcoldsoshestoodclosetohermother.解析：依据动词stood可以确定此处缺少副词。句意：“雨下得很大。小玛丽感到很冷，所以她紧紧地站在母亲身边。”表示“距离近地”应用close。3．Youmustbeverycarefulwhenyoudiveintothedeepwater.解析：句意：当你潜到深水里的时候，你肯定要特殊当心。dive“潜水；跳水”。4．Hiseyes,whichhadbeenfilledwithfearandhorrormomentsearlier,werenowclear,almostcalm.解析：句意：他的眼睛，片刻之前还满是胆怯 和恐惊，现在已经很澄澈，几乎是镇静了。calm既可表示内心的安静，又可表示事物外在的安静。5．MissTaylorcalmeddownthefrightenedgirlbyabighug.解析：句意：泰勒小姐深深地拥抱了那个受惊的女孩，使她安静下来。calmdown“(使)安静；(使)镇静”。6．Whenhewaswalkinghomefromtheofficethatnight,hewasattacked(attack)byseveralrobbers.解析：句意：那天晚上他从办公室往家走的时候，被几个强盗攻击了。attack“攻击；攻击”。7．Thespeedofthecarwasfrightening(frighten)andthatwasthecauseofthecaraccident.解析：句意：当时的车速令人胆怯 ，这也是车祸的起因。此处指车速是“令人胆怯 的”，所以要用frightening。8．—Peter,doyouknowthisword?—No,Idon'tthinkthiswordexists(exist)inEnglish.解析：句意：“彼得，你相识这个单词吗？”“不相识。我认为英语中没有这个词。”exist“存在”，该处用一般现在时。9．Theearthisarockyplanetwherethereisliquidwater,whichisnecessaryforlifeto_exist(existence)．解析：句意：地球是一个有液态水的岩石星体，这是生命存在所必需的。10．Thissteelknifeissosharpthatyoucancutmeatwithiteasily.解析：句意：这把钢刀真是锐利，用它切肉很简单。sharp“锐利的；尖的”。11．Pleasesharpen(sharp)thisknife.解析：sharpen使变锐利。12．Confuciusdidnotacceptthereligiousideasofhistimes,andwasscepticalof/aboutthesupernatural.解析：句意：孔子不信任当时的宗教观念，也不信任超自然的神力。sceptical“怀疑的；不信任的”，bescepticalof/aboutsth.“怀疑某事”。13．—Itisunlikely(likely)toraintoday,forthereisnotasinglecloudinthesky.—Believeitornot,theweatherforecastsaidso.解析：句意：“今日不行能下雨，因为天空中一片云都没有。”“信不信由你，天气预报就是这样说的。”beunlikelytodo“不行能做……”。14．TheNationalStadiumcovers(cover)anareaof68,700squaremetres.解析：句意：国家体育馆占地面积达68,700平方米。cover“占地(多大面积)”。1．bebackinthenews再次成为新闻；再次被新闻关注Gaspricehasbeenrising,whichbringsenergy­savingbackinthenews.汽油价格持续上涨，这使能源节约问题再次成为新闻话题。TheexplosioninTianjinisbackinthenews.2．closeup(1)靠近；紧邻Thebuildingisburning.Thepolicemakenobodycloseup.大楼在燃烧，警察不让任何人靠近。Theteachertoldthechildrentocloseuptoeachothernearthecampfireandthenbeganhisstory.老师叫孩子们在营火旁相互靠拢些，接着就起先讲起故事来。Theirhouseclosesupours.他们家的房子紧邻着我们家的。(2)关闭；停留Theoldroadhasnowbeenclosedupsincethehighwaywasopentopublicuse.自从高速马路通车以来，那条旧马路已经封闭了。(3)(伤口)愈合Thewoundinhisarmhasalreadybeguntocloseup.他胳膊上的伤口已经起先愈合了。Theshopistobeclosedup.1．WhenJordanannouncedhewouldplaybasketballforonemoreyear,hewasbackinthenews.解析：bebackinthenews为固定搭配，意为“再次被新闻所关注。”句意：“当乔丹宣布他会再打一年篮球时，他又成为媒体关注的焦点。”2．Ifourbusinessaren'timproved,ourshopistocloseup.解析：closeup关闭，歇业。句意：假如我们的生意不被改善，我们的商店即将歇业。1．Thedirectorofalocaltouristoffice,MengFanying,saidthemonster,whichseemedtobeblackincolour,wastenmetresfromtheedgeofthelakeduringthemostrecentsighting.据当地的旅游办公室主任孟凡迎(音译)介绍，最近有人望见怪物就在离湖边十米的地方，怪物的颜色似乎是黑色的。(1)MengFanying作Thedirectorofalocaltouristoffice的同位语；whichseemedtobeblackincolour是非限制性定语从句，修饰themonster。(2)句中seem意为“看起来；似乎”，作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。也常跟动词不定式或用于句型Itseemsthat...。也可用于Thereseem(s)tobe...句型。Itseemsimpossibletobelievehiswords.看起来不行能信任他的话。Itseemsthatheislying.＝Heseemstobelying.看起来他似乎在撒谎。Itseemedthattheteacherwaswrong.＝Theteacherseemedtobewrong.看起来是老师错了。Thereseemsto_be(be)astrangerinmyroom.2．AthirdreportcamefromLiXiaohe，whowasvisitingthelakewithhisfamily.又一则报道来自李小和(音译)，当时他正和家人一起在湖边游玩。(1)本句属于非限制性定语从句。who在从句中作主语，指人。本句who指代其前的先行词LiXiaohe。在非限制性定语从句中关系词不能运用that，以人作从句主语或宾语时，用who或whom；以物作从句主语或宾语时，用which。Smith，whodiedlastnight，lefthissonabigsumofmoney.史密斯昨晚去世，给他儿子留下一大笔钱。(who在定语从句中作主语，指代Smith)Myoldneighborownsalargehouse，whichliesattheedgeofalake.我的老邻居拥有一所大房子，坐落在湖畔。(which在定语从句中作主语，指代house)(2)本句athird意为“又一；再一”，相当于another的用法。此处指前面已经有了两例报道，这里是第三例。Ilikeneitheroftheskirts.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeathird?这两条短裙我都不喜爱，请你再拿一条给我看看好吗？Ihaveafriend,whoisfondofmodernmusic.3．Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.他说他望见圆形黑色的动物在湖面上快速游过。tohaveseen是动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词claims所表示的动作之前。Iamverygladtohaveseenyourmother.我很兴奋见到了你妈妈。Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookabouttheworkers.据说他写了一本关于工人的书。Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.她似乎已经听说了这件事。Heclaimedto_have_done(do)hishomework.4．TherehavebeenreportsofmonstersinLakeTianchisincethebeginningofthelastcentury，althoughnoonehasseenonecloseup.自上世纪初以来始终就有关于天池怪物的报道，尽管还不曾有人近距离目睹过。therehavebeen是therebe句型的现在完成形式，表示“从过去某一时候到现在始终都有”。其谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于它后面紧跟的名词。Therehasbeenanoldchurchinthesmalltownsincealongtimeago.很久以前，那个小镇就始终有一个教堂。Therehavealreadybeenpeopleintheroom，sowedon'tgoin.屋子里已经有很多人了，所以我们就不进去了。①therebe结构中的谓语动词，有时可用seemtobe，happentobe，usedtobe或类似表示“存在”概念的动词，如lie，remain，live，stand，come等来代替。Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththemachine.这台机器似乎有点毛病。Therestandsapostofficeonthecornerofthestreet.街的拐角处有一个邮局。②在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分为therebe时，反意疑问部分主语用there。There'ssomethingwrong，isn'tthere?出事了，不是吗？Therewon'tbeanytrouble，willthere?不会有任何麻烦，是吧？Therehave_been(be)twoaccidentssofar.5．ManypeoplethinkthemonstermaybeadistantcousinoftheLochNessmonsterinScotland.Theyalsothinkthattheremightbesimilarcreaturesinotherlakesaroundtheworld.很多人认为，天池里的怪物可能是苏格兰尼斯湖怪物的远亲。他们还认为，在世界其他地方的湖泊中可能也有类似的生物。本句中theremightbe表示揣测，意为“可能有；或许有”。might在这里表示推想，只是可能性比may小。Theremightbeawaytotellwhetherallthesetheoriesaretrue.可能会有一种判别这些理论是否正确的方法。HemightbeathomebutI'mnotsure.1．Heseemsto_have_known(know)thetruth.Otherwise,hewouldnotbesoangry.解析：句意：他似乎已经知道了真相，要不然，他不会这么生气。seemtohavedone似乎发生过某事。2．Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewinding(wind)itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.解析：noticesth.doingsth.发觉某物在做某事。3．Heclaimedto_have_seen(see)mysheepthismorning.解析：claimtohavedonesth.声称做过某事。4．Thereislittledoubtthathecanwinthegame，is_there?解析：Thereislittle...的反意疑问句为isthere。5．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.解析：先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺主语，故用who引导。Ⅰ.语法填空The“MonsterofLakeTianchi”is__1__inthenewsafterseveralrecentsightings.Someonesaid“Themonster,whichseemedtobeblack__2__colour,jumpedoutofthewaterlikeaseal.”Alocalphotograph