第11讲 定语从句（练）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）含答案及解析

定语从句（模拟精练+真题演练）用适当的单词填空1.(湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题)Peoplehavethecustomtoshowrespecttocattlebyhittingtheheadofapaper-madecattlewithcoloredwoodensticks,________ismeanttodriveoutthecattle’swinterlazinessandencouragefarmerstoprepareforspringplowing.(重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三试题)“Itcangetreallycrowdedwithcustomers,especiallyonweekends,during______weneedtokeepthedooropenfrom11inthemorningto12midnight,”ashopownersaid.3.(2023届广东省梅州市高三下学期二模英语试题)DuringanunannouncedvisittohimonedayinMay,Wannoticedhisloneliness,_________madehersad.Thenanideacametomindthatshewouldquitherjobtoaccompanyhimandsetouttohelphimrealizesomeofhiswishesonhisbucketlist.4.(河北省石家庄部分重点高中2023年高三下学期试题)TheUnitedStatesandNorwaylaunchedaGreenShippingChallenge,________encouragesgovernments,portsandcompaniestotransformtheindustryviasustainablemethodsandgreentechnologies.5.（2023届广东省名校联盟高三大联考试题）BungeejumpingoriginatedwithanancientadultinitiationceremonyonthePentecostIslandsinVanuatu,________youngmenjumpedoffahighplatformwithvines(葡萄藤)attachedtotheirfeetasatestoftheircourageandpassageintomanhood.6.（2023届湖北省高三5月国度省考模拟测试试题）Havingsurvivedmanycenturies,kiteshavebecomeoneofthecountry’srepresentativetraditionalhandicrafts,________makingtechniqueswereincludedinthelistofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)in2006.7.（2023届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三模拟试题）Technologicaltransformationisaffectingthewayin________peoplelearnandchildrengrow.(2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）Thousandsofyearsago,theyformedthoseancientteaplantations,________arethebestgiftthatnaturehasgrantedus.9.（2023届浙江省91高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷）AmongthecivilianteamsthatleftforTurkeyonWednesdaywasBlueSkyRescue,anonprofitChinesecivilianorganization,________memberscomefromprovincial-levelregionsofChina.10.（2023届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试）JongMaythoughtitwasher“Chinese-styleprincessdream”________ledherbacktoChina.ShelaunchedacompanyinAprilaimingforthepromotionoftraditionalChineseculturethroughsocialmediavideos.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题）Thesearethefamouschime-bellsofMarquisYioftheZengState,thelargestandmostcompletesetofchime-bells________existstodayinChina.12.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）BeccaRodomsky-Bish,________worksattheCornellLabofOrnithologyinNewYork,istheproject’sleader.13.（河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题）ButwhenIcametothespecialeducationschool,Ievenfoundacompletelyblindteacherwasgivingaclass,________inspiredetoworkhardtobecomeaspecialeducationteacherinthefuture,”Zhangsaid.14.（2023届广东省深圳市高三年级二调试题）Thisisaperformance_______requiresextraordinarycourage,skillandstrength.15.（2023年浙江宁波镇海中学测试）Topractisecalligraphyrequiresthebasictoolsoffourtreasuresofstudy,writingbrush,inkstick,paper,andinkslabaswellasmuchconcentrationonguidingthesoftwritingbrushchargedwithfluidink,andwritingonthepaper________theinkwilldiffuse(扩散)quickly.用适当的单词填空（2023年全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____63____welcomethefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.2.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics___36___arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.3.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.4.（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.5.(2021年北京卷)Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout____15____shelived．6.（2021年新高考II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____39____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.7.（2021年天津卷）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．fromwhich B．inwhich C．withwhom D．forwhom8．（2021年天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．where B．which C．that D．when9.（2021年浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool_givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.10.（2020年全国I卷）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot___63___itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

定语从句（模拟精练+真题演练）用适当的单词填空1.(湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题)Peoplehavethecustomtoshowrespecttocattlebyhittingtheheadofapaper-madecattlewithcoloredwoodensticks,________ismeanttodriveoutthecattle’swinterlazinessandencouragefarmerstoprepareforspringplowing.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人们有用彩色木棍击打纸做的牛头以示尊重的习俗，这是为了赶走牛的冬天懒惰，鼓励农民准备春耕。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thecustom，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。(重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三试题)“Itcangetreallycrowdedwithcustomers,especiallyonweekends,during______weneedtokeepthedooropenfrom11inthemorningto12midnight,”ashopownersaid.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一位店主说：“这里的顾客真的很拥挤，尤其是在周末，我们需要从早上11点开到午夜12点。”此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词weekends，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which引导。故填which。3.(2023届广东省梅州市高三下学期二模英语试题)DuringanunannouncedvisittohimonedayinMay,Wannoticedhisloneliness,_________madehersad.Thenanideacametomindthatshewouldquitherjobtoaccompanyhimandsetouttohelphimrealizesomeofhiswishesonhisbucketlist.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：五月的一天，在一次不事先通知的拜访中，Wan注意到他的孤独，这让她很难过。前面整个句子作先行词，且在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词which引导。故填which。4.(河北省石家庄部分重点高中2023年高三下学期试题)TheUnitedStatesandNorwaylaunchedaGreenShippingChallenge,________encouragesgovernments,portsandcompaniestotransformtheindustryviasustainablemethodsandgreentechnologies.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国和挪威发起了一项绿色航运挑战，鼓励政府、港口和公司通过可持续的方法和绿色技术来改造航运业。此处考查非限制性定语从句，aGreenShippingChallenge为先行词，后接非限制性定语从句，关系代词做主语，为物，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。5.（2023届广东省名校联盟高三大联考试题）BungeejumpingoriginatedwithanancientadultinitiationceremonyonthePentecostIslandsinVanuatu,________youngmenjumpedoffahighplatformwithvines(葡萄藤)attachedtotheirfeetasatestoftheircourageandpassageintomanhood.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：蹦极起源于瓦努阿图的五旬节群岛上的一项古老的成人仪式，年轻男子从一个高高的平台上跳下，脚上系着藤蔓，以考验他们的勇气和成年的道路。根据句子结构可知，该空是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词thePentecostIslandsinVanuatu指地点，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故此空为关系副词where。故填where。6.（2023届湖北省高三5月国度省考模拟测试试题）Havingsurvivedmanycenturies,kiteshavebecomeoneofthecountry’srepresentativetraditionalhandicrafts,________makingtechniqueswereincludedinthelistofChina’snationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)in2006.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是kites，和makingtechniques是所属关系，应使用关系代词whose，故填whose。7.（2023届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三模拟试题）Technologicaltransformationisaffectingthewayin________peoplelearnandchildrengrow.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：技术变革正在影响人们学习和儿童成长的方式。定语从句修饰先行词theway，且theway在从句中作方式状语，故用inwhich。故填which。(2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）Thousandsofyearsago,theyformedthoseancientteaplantations,________arethebestgiftthatnaturehasgrantedus.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几千年前，他们形成了那些古老的茶园，这是大自然赐予我们最好的礼物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thoseancientteaplantations（指物），从句缺主语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。9.（2023届浙江省91高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷）AmongthecivilianteamsthatleftforTurkeyonWednesdaywasBlueSkyRescue,anonprofitChinesecivilianorganization,________memberscomefromprovincial-levelregionsofChina.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，memberscomefromprovincial-levelregionsofChina是定语从句，先行词organization在从句中作定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。10.（2023届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试）JongMaythoughtitwasher“Chinese-styleprincessdream”________ledherbacktoChina.ShelaunchedacompanyinAprilaimingforthepromotionoftraditionalChineseculturethroughsocialmediavideos.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：JongMay认为是她的“中国式公主梦”让她回到了中国。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型“itwas...that...”，强调的是句子主语“her“Chinese-styleprincessdream””。故填that。（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题）Thesearethefamouschime-bellsofMarquisYioftheZengState,thelargestandmostcompletesetofchime-bells________existstodayinChina.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是著名的曾侯仪编钟，是中国现存最大、最完整的编钟。根据句子结构可知，该空是定语从句的关系词，先行词chime-bells指物，在定语从句中作主语，先行词前有最高级修饰，只能用that。故填that。12.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）BeccaRodomsky-Bish,________worksattheCornellLabofOrnithologyinNewYork,istheproject’sleader.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：BeccaRodomsky-Bish在纽约康奈尔鸟类学实验室工作，是该项目的负责人。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“BeccaRodomsky-Bish”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用who。故填who。13.（河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题）ButwhenIcametothespecialeducationschool,Ievenfoundacompletelyblindteacherwasgivingaclass,________inspiredetoworkhardtobecomeaspecialeducationteacherinthefuture,”Zhangsaid.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但当我来到特殊教育学校时，我甚至发现一个完全失明的老师在给我上课，这激励了我努力学习，将来成为一名特殊教育教师。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是“acompletelyblindteacherwasgivingaclass”这件事，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。14.（2023届广东省深圳市高三年级二调试题）Thisisaperformance_______requiresextraordinarycourage,skillandstrength.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：这是一项需要非凡勇气、技巧和力量的表演。先行词为performance,指物，在定语从句中充当主语成分，从句由关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。15.（2023年浙江宁波镇海中学测试）Topractisecalligraphyrequiresthebasictoolsoffourtreasuresofstudy,writingbrush,inkstick,paper,andinkslabaswellasmuchconcentrationonguidingthesoftwritingbrushchargedwithfluidink,andwritingonthepaper________theinkwilldiffuse(扩散)quickly.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词paper，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。用适当的单词填空（2023年全国乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____63____welcomethefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。先行词place，定语从句中关系词充当主语，指代先行词place,故选用关系代词that或which。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。2.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics___56___arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.【答案】that/who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授KimCobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。3.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为CaoShengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。4.（2022年全国乙卷短文改错）Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.【答案】what→which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which引导。故将what改为which。5.(2021年北京卷)Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout____15____shelived．【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。6.（2021年新高考II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____39____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，____usedalotofplastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词acompany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，