Unit 4 《Listening and Speaking Reading and Thinking 知识点梳理》学案2023-2024学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

新人教版高中英语必修第一册PAGEPAGE1ListeningandSpeaking&ReadingandThinking〖知识点梳理〗affectvt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动(effectn．影响；效果；作用effectiveadj.有效的)·affectsb./sth.影响某人/某事bedeeplyaffectedby...被……深深打动·haveaneffecton/upon...对……有影响comeintoeffect生效；开始实施takeeffect开始起作用，见效；生效，开始实施(1)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)ThethemeclassmeetingtobeheldinthelecturehallnextSaturdaywillaffectexchangestudentsgreatly.＝ThethemeclassmeetingtobeheldinthelecturehallnextSaturdaywillhaveagreateffectonexchangestudents.下周六在报告厅举行的主题班会将对交换生有极大的影响。(2)(读后续写之感动心理描写)Theaudiencewereaffectedbythemovingstory，withtearswellingupintheireyes.观众被这个感人的故事打动了，眼里涌出了泪水。(3)(应用文之倡议书)Icallonourschooltotakeeffectivemeasurestobuildalow-carboncampus.Isincerelyhopethatthemeasurescantakeeffect/comeintoeffectassoonaspossible.我呼吁我们学校采取有效措施创建低碳校园。我真诚地希望这些措施可以尽快生效。ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.破坏；毁灭；使破产·be/lieinruins成为废墟；毁灭·ruinone’shope/health/plan...毁掉/破坏某人的希望/健康/计划等(1)Whenwereachedthedestination，wesawanoldtemplelyinginruins.当我们到达目的地时，我们看到了一座成为废墟的古庙。(2)Theheavyrainruinedourplantohaveamarathon.大雨破坏了我们进行马拉松赛跑的计划。shockn．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊(shockingadj.令人震惊的shockedadj.震惊的，惊讶的)·beshockedat/bysth.对……吃惊beshockedtodosth.做某事很吃惊·agreatshocktosb.对某人来说是极大的震惊inshock震惊地；吃惊地toone’sshock令某人吃惊的是(1)Rescueworkerswereshockedbythedamagethatthefloodhadcaused.救援人员被洪水造成的损失惊呆了。(2)Janewasshockedtofindthatshewaslostintheforestandshecouldn’thelpcrying.简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。(3)Hissituationwasagreatshocktousall.他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。(4)Heexclaimedinshock，“Whatonearthcausedourfailure？”他震惊地喊道，“到底是什么导致了我们的失败？”(5)Tomyshock，memoryfloodedbackwhenIvisitedthestadiumonceagain.令我吃惊的是，当我重游体育馆时，回忆涌上了心头。trapvt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套n．陷阱；险境·betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中trapo(doing)sth.诱使某人(做)某事·setatrapfor给……设圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱(1)Whentravelling，theyweretrappedinthemountain，waitingtoberescued.旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。(2)Thepolicetrappedhimintotellingthetruth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。(3)Thehuntersetatrapforthewolftocatchit.猎人为逮住狼设了个圈套。(4)Ifyouchoosethisway，you’relikelytofallintoatrap.如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏buryone’sface/headinone’shands双手捂脸/抱头eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(buryoneselfindoingsth.,beburiedindoingsth.))埋头/专心(做)……(1)Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。(2)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷，读后续写)Thetwinsburiedthemselvesin/wereburiedincookingbreakfastandtheydidn’tnoticetheirfatherslideintothekitchen.这对双胞胎专心做早饭，他们没有注意到爸爸溜进了厨房。effortn．努力；尽力；艰难的尝试sparenoeffortstodosth.不遗余力做某事makeefforts/anefforttodosth.努力做某事makeeveryeffort/alleffortstodosth.尽全力做某事inanefforttodosth.为了做成某事；努力做某事withjointefforts共同努力withouteffort毫不费力(应用文之申请信)IfIamacceptedasyourteachingassistant，Iwillsparenoeffort(s)toperformmyduties.Firstly，Iwillmakeeffortstohelpyouorganisevariousactivities.Besides，Iwilluniteclassmatesinanefforttodoabetterjob.Afterall，onlywithjointeffortswillwemanagetheclasswell.Lastly，Iwillmakeeveryefforttohelpthosestudentswhoareintrouble.Allinall，youcanteachEnglishinChinawithouteffortwiththehelpofme.如果我被接受为您的助教，我将努力履行我的职责。首先，我将努力帮您组织各种各样的活动。其次，为了更好地开展工作，我将团结同学。毕竟只有我们共同努力才能管理好班级。最后，我将尽全力帮助处在困境中的那些同学。总之，在我的帮助下，您会毫不费力地在中国教英语。suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(sufferingn．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事)sufferpain/damage/loss/failure遭受痛苦/破坏/损失/失败sufferfrom受……的折磨；因……而受苦(1)Thesmalltownsufferedagreatlossfromtheseriousdrought.小镇因为严重的旱灾蒙受了巨大的损失。(2)Alotofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthosewhoaresufferingfromthefloods.已经筹集了很多钱来帮助遭受洪灾的人们。(3)Thesurvivornevertalkedabouthissuffering(s)inthedisaster.那位幸存者从不谈论他在灾难中遭受的痛苦。cometoanend结束；终结attheendof在……末端bytheendof到……末为止用于完成时intheend最后；终于bring/putanendto...结束……(1)Thewarwascomingtoanend，soeveryonebecamemorepositiveaboutlife.这场战争快要结束了，所以每个人都变得对生活更乐观了。(2)Theaudienceclappedtheirhandsviolentlyattheendofthechampion’sspeech.在这位冠军演讲的最后，观众们热烈地鼓掌。(3)Bytheendoflastmonth，theathletehadwonfivemedals.到上个月月底为止，这名运动员已经获得了五枚奖牌。(4)Intheend，thecaptainadmittedthathehadcheatedinthegame.最终，这个队长承认在比赛中作弊了。(5)Whatshouldwedotoput/bringanendtotheterribledrought？我们应该怎么做来结束这场严重的干旱？gothrough经历；经受goagainst违背goout熄灭goover复习(1)Theinjuredpassengertolduswhathehadgonethroughintheaccident.那位受伤的乘客告诉了我们他在事故中经历的事情。(2)Theguywasdeterminednottogoagainsthisfather’swishes.这个小伙子决心不违背他父亲的愿望了。(3)Whenwewereworkingoutinthegym，thelightswentoutsuddenly.我们在健身房锻炼时，灯突然灭了。(4)Ican’tstresstheimportanceofgoingoverwhatwehavelearntintimetoomuch.我怎么强调及时复习所学过的东西的重要性都不为过。asif/though教材原句Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！(P50)asif/though“似乎；好像；仿佛”可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句，其用法如下：(1)ItseemsasifyouarereallyinterestedinChineseculture.SoIrecommendyoutoapplyforPekingUniversity，oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.(真实情况)好像你真对中国文化感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。(2)ThecaptaintreatsmeasifIwerehisowndaughter.(与现在事实相反)队长对待我好像我是他自己的女儿一样。(3)Tomandhisnewfriendtalkedasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.(与过去事实相反)汤姆和他的新朋友说起话来好像他们是多年的朋友一样。(4)Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldnevercometoanend.(与将来事实相反)看起来好像会议永不会结束。主语＋be＋adj.＋todo教材原句Water，foodandelectricitywerehardtoget.水、食物和电很难获得。(P50)此句含有“主语＋be＋adj.＋todo”句式，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。若不定式为不及物动词，应在其后面加上适当的介词。常用的形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，important，interesting，necessary，pleasant，comfortable。(1)Ifyoufollowtheabovesuggestions，yoursituationisnothardtochange.如果你听从以上建议，你的情况不难改变。(2)(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)Withyourtimelyandgenerousadvice，thethemeclassmeetingiseasytosuitthefore