Unit 4 《Discovering Useful Structures》课件2023-2024学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresNaturalDisasters定语从句(Restrictiverelativeclauses)(Ⅰ)that,which,who,whom,whose引导的定语从句【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子1.Thebook__________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.他昨天买的那本书很有趣。2.Doyouknowtheboy____justcamein?你认识那个刚刚进来的男孩吗?that/whichwho3.Hehasmovedintoahouse______________facethesea.

他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。whosewindows【要义详析】一、分类:定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。*Shanghaiisacity(that)I’vealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。2.非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句不用that引导。*Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,hasacatforcompany.这个老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。二、关系代词的用法定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom以及whose。*Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样?(指物,作主语)*Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?你认识坐在那里的那位绅士吗?(指人,作主语)*Theman(who/whom/that)you’retalkingtoismyfriend.和你谈话的那个人是我朋友。(指人,作宾语)*Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury.我经常去参观的那座宫殿建于17世纪。(指物,作宾语)*Childrenwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。(指人,作定语)【名师点津】whose还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语时,无论指人还是指物,都要用whose,而不能用which。*That’sthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。*HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleadingactorisworld-famous?你看过《泰坦尼克号》这部电影吗?它的男主角是世界著名的。【知识延伸】关系代词的用法与分类依据1.根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性;2.根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;3.根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语或定语。【即学活用】用定语从句合并句子。(1)Ilivenextdoortoacouple.Theirchildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.___________________________________________________________Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

(2)ThemanisfromPekingUniversity.Italkedaboutthemanatthemeeting. ________________________________________________________________________Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromPekingUniversity.

(3)Theboyissittingonthechair.Theboyismybrother._______________________________________________Theboywho/thatissittingonthechairismybrother.

(4)Thecityisnearthesea.Thecityisverybeautiful._____________________________________________Thecitywhich/thatisneartheseaisverybeautiful.

三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1.只用that而不用which的情况(1)先行词有形容词最高级修饰时*HenryisthemostenergeticyoungmanthatIhaveevercomeacross.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。(2)先行词有序数词修饰时*Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet.这是他们第三次见面。(3)先行词为all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词,或被不定代词修饰时*Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到他的学生的。(4)先行词既有人又有物时*Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。(5)先行词前面有thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame等词修饰时*ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。*Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。【名师点津】thesame...that/as区别thesame...that表示“同一个”(同一性)thesame...as表示“类似的一个,而不是同一个”(相似性)*ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.这就是我丢的那块手表。(同一个)*Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave.我买了一块和你一样的手表。(相似的,非同一个)(6)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时*Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。(7)句中其他位置已出现which,为避免重复,不用which而用that。*Whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超过我们的是哪辆车?2.只用which而不用that的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时*IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书,这是我的同学推荐给我的。(2)在定语从句中,关系代词前有介词时*IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置于不得不接受我不重要的境地。【名师点津】强调句与定语从句的区别*Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)*Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)【即学活用】选词填空(that/which)(1)Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.(2)Haveyouanybooks____areworthreading?(3)Thisisthebestfilm____Ihaveeverseen.

thatthatthat(4)I’mgoingtotalkaboutthecountriesandpeople____Ihavevisited.(5)Bambooishollow,______makesitverylight.thatwhichThebestclassroomintheworldisatthefeetofanelderlyperson.世界上最好的课堂在老人的脚下.Havingachildfallasleepinyourarmsisoneofthemostpeacefulfeelingintheworld.让一个孩子在你的臂弯入睡,你会体会到世间最安宁的感觉.Beingkindismoreimportantthanbeingright.善良比真理更重要.Youshouldneversaynotoagif