仁爱版中考英语四轮总复习课时01.名词、冠词(学生版+解析)

第一课时名词、冠词1.名词名词是历年中考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查：①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)②名词和冠词的搭配③抽象名词的具体化④名词的词性变化⑤名词的词义辨析考点1名词的数1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe结尾多变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名师指津】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”，即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(2)不规则变化自身变化的名词child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth,foot脚；英尺→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon现象→phenomena，medium传播媒介→media单复数同形名词Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits合成名词son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by,story－teller→story－tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。考点2名词所有格1.－’s所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。Tom’sandJim’srooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJim’sroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间atthebarber’s在理发店2．of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字3．双重所有格：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。aplayofShakespeare’s莎士比亚的一个戏剧aphotoofmine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1名词的辨析1.(2021福建,23)—Couldyoutellmetheofthesweater?

—Yes.It’s￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shape2.(2020福建,23)—Ilikebest.

—SodoI.Itakesingingclasseseveryweekend.A.musicB.physicsC.math3.(2019福建,24)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We’dbettermakeaofthingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon.

A.listB.cardC.report4.(2018福建,31)—Idon’tknowhowtousetheAppFunDubbing.—AskJimmyforhelp.Hehaslotsofindoingit.

A.experienceB.troubleC.courage5.(2017福建,29)—NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.—That’strue.It’sanimportantpartofChinese.

A.cultureB.inventionC.custom6.(2021福州一模,21)Becarefulofthe.Youmaycutyourself.

A.knifeB.fireC.traffic7.(2021南平一模,24)—Kate,whataboutgoingtothe?

—Soundsfantastic!Listeningtomusiccanmakemerelaxed.A.cinemaB.concertC.museum8.(2021龙岩一模,24)—Whatclubwouldyouliketojoin?—Theclub.MyfavoritepoetisDuFu.

A.poemB.chessC.science9.(2021莆田一模,23)—Thefoodsafetyisstillaseriousintheworld.

—Luckily,ourgovernmentistakingmeasurestosolveit.A.problemB.programC.project10.(2021三明一模,86)Tomakebeautifuldiaries,manywouldbuylotsofmaterialslikestickers(贴纸)fordecoration,butSunhadadifferent/aɪˈdɪə/.

11.(2021泉州一模,87)Acraneisalarge/bɜːd/withlonglegsandalongneck.

12.(2019福建,81)Beforepaperwasinvented,peoplewroteordrewonmaterialssuchasbamboo,/sɪlk/,animalhide,andwoodenblocks.

13.(2018福建,87)Lonniegottheideaforthis/tɔɪ/whileworkingonanotherinvention.

14.(2017福建,86)Theyholdmanykindsofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgood/helth/andalonglife.

考点2名词的数和格1.(2021福建,83)It’spracticedbyover100millionpeopleinmorethan150(country).

2.(2020福建,89)Forcenturies,muchlandhasbeendevoted(奉献)torice-plantingandmanyChinesepeopleare(farmer),whoworkveryhardforeachgrain.

3.(2019福建,85)CaiLunbeganexperimenting(试验)withmanydifferentmaterialsanddifferent(method)toturnthosematerialsintopaper.

4.(2018福建,82)Othertimeshemadenewthingsfromdifferent(part).

5.(2017福建,85)Theyholdmany(kind)ofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgoodhealthandalonglife.

6.(2021厦门一模,86)MostancientChinesepaintingsareabout(flower),birds,humansandnature,butHan’spaintingofFiveOxenisanexception(例外).

7.(2021龙岩一模,85)Inthe70-sq-kmWuyiMountain,touristscanenjoymanyspecialanduniquenaturalfeatures,likefantasticmountains,windingrivers,deepcaves,strange(stone)andsoon.

8.(2021南平一模,89)Sincetheworkstarted,Fujianhassent183(official)andaround2,000expertsinscienceandtechnology,education,andmedicalcaretoNingxia.

9.(2021漳州一模,87)LatishaHodgeoftenbringstwoofherkidstoreadtothehorses.Their(name)areAbelandSevyn.

10.(2021三明一模,83)Beforebuying,Wangdecidedtoresearchallofthepossible(choice).

考点3名词构词法1.(2021宁德一模,86)AncientChinesepoetsand(write)oftendescribedtheoxinliterature.

2.(2021泉州一模,86)Itisagoodphrasetousewhenanyfriendisgoingtomakeabig(decide).

3.(2020泉州石狮二模,88改编)ZhongNanshanledhisteamtoWuhantofightthe(ill).

4.(2020厦门海沧二模,86)Asa(music),mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic.

综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,47)Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformyroom.(son)

2.(2021云南,67)AsaTV,it’smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.(report)

3.(2021广东,73改编)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven(letter)tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

4.(2021河北,77)I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay(match)onSaturdaymornings.

5.(2021河南,59改编)Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardbecauseoftheshortageofwater.

6.(2021湖南长沙,61改编)Theretworich(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtoldhimnottoopenituntiltwoo’clockoftheday.

7.(2021新疆,86改编)Heworkseverydaylateintothe,sometimesevenforgettingtoeatdinner,andgetsupearlyaswell.

8.(2020湖北孝感,81)Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,heisgoingtoreadasmany(book)aspossibletoopenhismind.

9.(2020浙江湖州,67)“Peoplesometimesmake(mistake),buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承认)whatthey’vedone,”shesaid.

10.(2020山东临沂,56)Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa(teenage).

11.(2020江苏连云港,52改编)Haveyoureadthereport?Those(hero)storiesreallytouchedmedeeply.

12.(2020南平质检,84)Accordingtofolk(story),thedishbecamewell-knownwhenSuwenttoHangzhou,Zhejiangtotakeoffice.

13.(2020宁德质检,83)Lateron,ancientGreeksusedtheirknowledgeof/mæ/andsciencetomakemaps.

14.(2020莆田质检,82)Thoughit’smadeupoftwo(word),climateemergencyistreatedasasingleword,inthesamewayasheartattack.

冠词冠词是中考考必考热点，以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，把冠词结合名词一起考查。①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较级前的用法③固定搭配考点1冠词的分类和基本用法冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。注意:①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ʌ/音时前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;当“u”发/juː/音时前用a,如:auniversity,ausefulbook。一．用冠词a或an填空①hour

②Europeancountry

③“b”

④“s”

⑤orange

⑥unusualstory

⑦island

⑧newbike

⑨e-mail

⑩importantinvention

11.usefulbook

12.NBAplayer

13.eight-year-oldgirl

14.honestperson

考点2冠词的常见搭配1.下列情况用零冠词不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animalscan’tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前NanjingRoadHainanIsland与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar,bytrain在节假日名称前NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如:dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面对面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至终;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater迟早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake错误地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime准时;insurprise惊奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差;onholiday在度假;inclass在课上;gohome回家;forexample例如;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼二．知识拓展有定冠词和无定冠词的区别(1)gotoschool去上学(是学生)(2)attable在吃饭(3)atschool在上学(4)inclass在上课(5)infrontof在(……外部的)前面(6)bysea乘船(7)inprison在坐牢(8)byday在白天考点1不定冠词的用法1.(2021福建,21)—YuanLongpingwasgreatscientist.

—Sohewas.Hemadegreatcontributionstohumanbeings.A.aB.anC.the2.(2017福建,21)Jackissuchfriendlyboy.Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.

A.aB.anC.the3.(2021厦门质检,21)Kindleisapptoreade-booksonthephone.

A.aB.anC.the4.(2020漳州质检,21)—Mygrandpaoftentakesawalkaftersupper.—Ithinkitisgoodhabit.

A.theB.aC.an5.(2020泉州泉港质检,21)ChinaplaysimportantroleinglobalIP(知识产权)protection.

A.aB.anC.the6.(2018福建,83)Hedreamedofbeinginventor.

7.(2020福建,84)Thefrogtoldhertoholdoutherfishingnettothesun’sraysandhewouldsingmagicsong.

8.(2021宁德质检,88)Theoxisconsideredassymbolofearnestness(认真)inChineseculture.

9.(2021三明质检,82)Duringhervacation,shedecidedtobuyCasiowatch.

10.(2021泉州质检,90)Youmayusethemtodescribetalentedartist,anexcellentjobcandidate,andsoon.

考点2定冠词的用法1.(2020南平质检,21)—HowwasdinneratMike’shouse?

—Itwasgreat.Mike’smummadeitwonderfully.A.aB.anC.the2.(2020三明质检,21)—CanIhavealookatiPhoneyouboughtyesterday?

—Sure!Hereyouare.A.aB.anC.the3.(2021福建,82)Butit’sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

4.(2019福建,90)ButwholeworldshouldrememberthecleverChinesepapermakerforever.

5.(2017福建,89)Peopleinancienttimesbelievedthatplantcoulddriveawayevil(邪恶的)spiritsandpreventthemfromcatchinganillnessinwinter.

6.(2021福州质检,90)Theyhopethatstorywillencourageothersto“dotheirbitwiththeenvironmentevenifit’sonesmallchange”.

7.(2021莆田质检,88)Besurewetreateveryonewithdignity(尊严),forthey’reworthytobetreatedwayyouwanttobetreated.

8.(2021南平质检,84)IttellsthestoryofpeoplewhomovedfrommountainsinNingxiatotheplains(平原)tobuildnewhomesin1990s.

综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,1改编)Asteacher,it’simportanttobegoodrolemodelfortheirstudents.

A.the;aB.a;theC.a;a2.(2021云南,21改编)Paperisusefulinvention.Itwasinventedaround2,000yearsagobyCaiLun.

A.aB.anC.the3.(2021甘肃武威,Ⅰ,1改编)Jimstartedtoplayviolinwhenhewasfive.

A.aB.theC./4.(2021江苏连云港,1改编)—Shallweplaybasketballthisafternoon?

—Goodidea!Doyouhavebasketball?

A.a;aB./;/C./;a5.(2021黑龙江齐齐哈尔,1)—Jenny,whatdidyoubuyforyourfatheronFather’sDay?—Iboughtunusualgiftforhim.Andhewasquitehappywhenhereceivedit.

A.aB.anC.the6.(2021四川成都,35)Everyoneneedstoknowimportanceofrubbishsorting(分类).

A.anB./C.the7.(2021天津,21改编)Thisisstoryoffriendship.Let’sreadstorytogether.

A.a;anB.an;theC.a;the8.(2021新疆,26改编)—Whoismaninfrontofthepostoffice?

—Theonewithumbrella?HeisourEnglishteacher.

A.the;aB.the;anC.a;an9.(2021重庆,21改编)Takingthetrainisgoodwaytoseetheworld.

A.aB.anC./10.(2021湖南怀化,21)—DidyouseemovieHi,Momyesterday?

—Yes,Idid.It’sgreat.A.aB.anC.the第一课时名词、冠词1.名词名词是历年中考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空题型中。名词部分主要考查：①名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)②名词和冠词的搭配③抽象名词的具体化④名词的词性变化⑤名词的词义辨析考点1名词的数1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches，但stomach复数形式直接加s，即stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys以f或fe结尾多变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes【名师指津】①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es：“黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿”，即Negroes，heroes,potatoes，tomatoes。②以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves：“为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半”，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。(2)不规则变化自身变化的名词child孩子→children，man男人→men，tooth牙→teeth,foot脚；英尺→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，phenomenon现象→phenomena，medium传播媒介→media单复数同形名词Chinese中国人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits合成名词son－in－law→sons－in－law，passer－by→passers－by,story－teller→story－tellersEverypossiblemeanshasbeentried,butnonehasworked.每一种可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。考点2名词所有格1.－’s所有格：①and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。Tom’sandJim’srooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJim’sroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间atthebarber’s在理发店2．of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。thecontentofthenovel小说的内容thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字3．双重所有格：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。aplayofShakespeare’s莎士比亚的一个戏剧aphotoofmine我的一张照片随堂练习考点1名词的辨析1.(2021福建,23)—Couldyoutellmetheofthesweater?

—Yes.It’s￥125.A.colorB.priceC.shape【答案】B本题考查名词词义辨析。color颜色;price价格;shape形状。由答语“It’s￥125.”可知,对方问的是价格。故答案为B。2.(2020福建,23)—Ilikebest.

—SodoI.Itakesingingclasseseveryweekend.A.musicB.physicsC.math【答案】A句意:——我最喜欢音乐。——我也是。我每周末都上音乐课。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答语中的“SodoI.”可知,对话的两个人的喜好一致。再根据答句中的“takesingingclasses”可知该喜好为音乐,故选A。3.(2019福建,24)—Whatshouldwedoforthecampingtrip?—We’dbettermakeaofthingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon.

A.listB.cardC.report【答案】A句意:——我们应该为野营旅行做什么?——我们最好列一张物品清单,如食物、饮料、药品等。本题考查名词词义辨析。list清单;card卡片;report报道。根据答句中的“thingslikefood,drinks,medicineandsoon”可知,此处是把需要准备的物品列成清单。故选A。4.(2018福建,31)—Idon’tknowhowtousetheAppFunDubbing.—AskJimmyforhelp.Hehaslotsofindoingit.

A.experienceB.troubleC.courage【答案】A本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答句中的“AskJimmyforhelp.”可知,Jimmy可以帮忙指导如何使用应用软件。答句的第二句话是进一步解释说明他可以帮忙的原因是他有很多经验。experience经历,经验;trouble困难,麻烦;courage勇气。故选A。5.(2017福建,29)—NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.—That’strue.It’sanimportantpartofChinese.

A.cultureB.inventionC.custom【答案】A本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答句中的“It’sanimportantpartof”可知,本句描述的是京剧所属的类别。京剧是文化的一种表现形式。culture文化;invention发明;custom习惯;风俗。根据句意可知本题选A。6.(2021福州一模,21)Becarefulofthe.Youmaycutyourself.

A.knifeB.fireC.traffic【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。knife刀;fire火;traffic交通。由后一句中的cut可知,这里指“刀”,故选A。7.(2021南平一模,24)—Kate,whataboutgoingtothe?

—Soundsfantastic!Listeningtomusiccanmakemerelaxed.A.cinemaB.concertC.museum【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。cinema电影院;concert音乐会;museum博物馆。根据Listeningtomusic可知选B。8.(2021龙岩一模,24)—Whatclubwouldyouliketojoin?—Theclub.MyfavoritepoetisDuFu.

A.poemB.chessC.science【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。poem诗歌;chess国际象棋;science科学。根据MyfavoritepoetisDuFu可知,此处表示“诗歌俱乐部”,故选A。9.(2021莆田一模,23)—Thefoodsafetyisstillaseriousintheworld.

—Luckily,ourgovernmentistakingmeasurestosolveit.A.problemB.programC.project【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。problem问题;program节目;project工程,项目。根据foodsafety和答句中的solve可知,此处表示“问题”,故选A。10.(2021三明一模,86)Tomakebeautifuldiaries,manywouldbuylotsofmaterialslikestickers(贴纸)fordecoration,butSunhadadifferent/aɪˈdɪə/.

【答案】idea根据a可知本空填写可数名词单数,再根据音标可知应填名词idea。11.(2021泉州一模,87)Acraneisalarge/bɜːd/withlonglegsandalongneck.

【答案】bird根据alarge可知,本空填写可数名词单数,再根据音标可知应填名词bird。12.(2019福建,81)Beforepaperwasinvented,peoplewroteordrewonmaterialssuchasbamboo,/sɪlk/,animalhide,andwoodenblocks.

【答案】silk根据前文单词“materials”可知,本空填写的应该是某种材料,再根据音标可知答案为silk。13.(2018福建,87)Lonniegottheideaforthis/tɔɪ/whileworkingonanotherinvention.

【答案】toy根据音标可知应填名词toy。14.(2017福建,86)Theyholdmanykindsofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgood/helth/andalonglife.

【答案】health根据形容词good和音标可知本空应填名词health。wishsb.goodhealth祝某人身体健康。考点2名词的数和格1.(2021福建,83)It’spracticedbyover100millionpeopleinmorethan150(country).

【答案】countries由设空处前的150可知,本空的名词应该用复数形式。故填countries。2.(2020福建,89)Forcenturies,muchlandhasbeendevoted(奉献)torice-plantingandmanyChinesepeopleare(farmer),whoworkveryhardforeachgrain.

【答案】farmers本题考查名词的数。由设空处前的are及后面的work可知,此处应用复数形式,故填farmers。3.(2019福建,85)CaiLunbeganexperimenting(试验)withmanydifferentmaterialsanddifferent(method)toturnthosematerialsintopaper.

【答案】methods本题考查名词的数。method是可数名词,由different可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,故填methods。4.(2018福建,82)Othertimeshemadenewthingsfromdifferent(part).

【答案】parts本题考查名词的数。part表示“零件;部件”时是可数名词,根据different可知,此处用复数形式parts。5.(2017福建,85)Theyholdmany(kind)ofactivitiesinhonorofoldpeople,wishingthemgoodhealthandalonglife.

【答案】kinds本题考查名词的数。kind作名词,表示“种类”,是可数名词,由many可知,此处应用复数形式kinds。6.(2021厦门一模,86)MostancientChinesepaintingsareabout(flower),birds,humansandnature,butHan’spaintingofFiveOxenisanexception(例外).

【答案】flowers本题考查名词的数。flower是可数名词,且和birds,humans并列,应用复数形式,故填flowers。7.(2021龙岩一模,85)Inthe70-sq-kmWuyiMountain,touristscanenjoymanyspecialanduniquenaturalfeatures,likefantasticmountains,windingrivers,deepcaves,strange(stone)andsoon.

【答案】stones本题考查名词的数。stone是可数名词,且和mountains,rivers,caves并列,应用复数形式。故填stones。8.(2021南平一模,89)Sincetheworkstarted,Fujianhassent183(official)andaround2,000expertsinscienceandtechnology,education,andmedicalcaretoNingxia.

【答案】officials本题考查名词的数。official在此处表示“官员”,是可数名词,空前有基数词183,此处应用复数形式,故填officials。9.(2021漳州一模,87)LatishaHodgeoftenbringstwoofherkidstoreadtothehorses.Their(name)areAbelandSevyn.

【答案】names本题考查名词的数。name是可数名词。由空后的are可知,此处应用复数形式,故填names。10.(2021三明一模,83)Beforebuying,Wangdecidedtoresearchallofthepossible(choice).

【答案】choices本题考查名词的数。choice是可数名词。空前有allof修饰,故此处应用复数形式。故填choices。考点3名词构词法1.(2021宁德一模,86)AncientChinesepoetsand(write)oftendescribedtheoxinliterature.

【答案】writers本题考查名词构词法。此处与poets并列,应用所给词的名词形式writer表示“作家”,且表泛指,用复数形式,故填writers。2.(2021泉州一模,86)Itisagoodphrasetousewhenanyfriendisgoingtomakeabig(decide).

【答案】decision本题考查名词构词法。根据空前的a可知,此处应填名词单数形式。makeadecision做决定,故填decision。3.(2020泉州石狮二模,88改编)ZhongNanshanledhisteamtoWuhantofightthe(ill).

【答案】illness本题考查名词构词法。由空格前的定冠词the可知,此处应填名词,故答案为illness。4.(2020厦门海沧二模,86)Asa(music),mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic.

【答案】musician本题考查名词构词法。根据“Asa”可知,本空所填词表示人的身份或职业。再根据提示词和后文的“mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople’smusic(我大部分的灵感来源于其他人的音乐)”推断,本空指音乐家,故答案为musician。综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,47)Thewallpaperwithcartoonpatternsisidealformyroom.(son)

【答案】son’s设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为son’s。2.(2021云南,67)AsaTV,it’smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.(report)

【答案】reporter本题考查名词。根据语境可知,此空需要填一个表示职业的名词。根据提示的单词可知,应填reporter。3.(2021广东,73改编)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven(letter)tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

【答案】letters本题考查名词复数。由空前的数词forty-seven可知,老潘的新书里包含47封他写给美国家人的信,故填letters。4.(2021河北,77)I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay(match)onSaturdaymornings.

【答案】matchesmatch为可数名词,前面没有限定词,应用复数形式。故答案为matches。5.(2021河南,59改编)Thelocalpeopleusedtoliveahardbecauseoftheshortageofwater.

【答案】life考查名词。liveahardlife过着艰苦的生活。6.(2021湖南长沙,61改编)Theretworich(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtoldhimnottoopenituntiltwoo’clockoftheday.

【答案】brothers本题考查名词复数。根据空前的基数词two可知,brother应该用复数形式,故填brothers。7.(2021新疆,86改编)Heworkseverydaylateintothe,sometimesevenforgettingtoeatdinner,andgetsupearlyaswell.

【答案】nightlateintothenight直到深夜。此处表示他每天工作到深夜。所以填night。8.(2020湖北孝感,81)Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,heisgoingtoreadasmany(book)aspossibletoopenhismind.

【答案】books本题考查名词的复数。book为可数名词,由修饰语“asmany”可知,book应用复数形式。9.(2020浙江湖州,67)“Peoplesometimesmake(mistake),buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承认)whatthey’vedone,”shesaid.

【答案】mistakes本题考查名词的复数。根据固定搭配“makemistakes”可知,mistake应用复数形式。10.(2020山东临沂,56)Growingupishardforeveryone.Laurahastofacelotsofstressasa(teenage).

【答案】teenager本题考查名词构词法。根据介词搭配“asa...”可知,空格处应填写表示人的身份或职业的名词,故将teenage变成名词teenager(青少年)。11.(2020江苏连云港,52改编)Haveyoureadthereport?Those(hero)storiesreallytouchedmedeeply.

【答案】heroes’本题考查名词复数和名词所有格。分析句子结构可知“Thosestories”在句中作主语,故空格处应修饰“stories”,意为“英雄的”,应用所有格形式。同时,此处泛指英雄这一类人,需将hero变成复数heroes。故答案为heroes’。

12.(2020南平质检,84)Accordingtofolk(story),thedishbecamewell-knownwhenSuwenttoHangzhou,Zhejiangtotakeoffice.

【答案】stories本题考查名词的数。story是可数名词,此处表泛指,故用它的复数形式stories。13.(2020宁德质检,83)Lateron,ancientGreeksusedtheirknowledgeof/mæ/andsciencetomakemaps.

【答案】math根据science及音标可知填math。14.(2020莆田质检,82)Thoughit’smadeupoftwo(word),climateemergencyistreatedasasingleword,inthesamewayasheartattack.

【答案】words本题考查名词的数。word是可数名词,前面有数词two,故用word的复数形式。冠词冠词是中考考必考热点，以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，把冠词结合名词一起考查。①冠词的泛指、特指②在形容词和副词比较级前的用法③固定搭配考点1冠词的分类和基本用法冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词(不用冠词)。冠词的泛指和特指泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。注意:①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆:不见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。②在26个字母中,前面用an的字母有:a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,其他用a。③要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ʌ/音时前用an,如:anumbrella,anunusualstory,anunhappyboy;当“u”发/juː/音时前用a,如:auniversity,ausefulbook。一．用冠词a或an填空①anhour

②aEuropeancountry

③a“b”

④an“s”

⑤anorange

⑥anunusualstory

⑦anisland

⑧anewbike

⑨ane-mail

⑩animportantinvention

11.ausefulbook

12.anNBAplayer

13.aneight-year-oldgirl

14.anhonestperson

考点2冠词的常见搭配1.下列情况用零冠词不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时Animalscan’tlivewithoutwater.Horsesarehelpfulanimals.某些专有名词(如人名、地名、国家名等)、物质名词和抽象名词表示泛指时Chinaisagreatcountry.MarylivesinNewYork.Paperismadefromwood.名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前ThisisProfessorLi.在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前Iwenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Heoftenplaysfootballafterschool.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前NanjingRoadHainanIsland与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar,bytrain在节假日名称前NewYear’sDay,Women’sDay2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中用零冠词。如:dayafterday一天天地;facetoface面对面地;sidebyside肩并肩地;handinhand手拉手;frombeginningtoend自始至终;dayandnight日日夜夜;soonerorlater迟早;husbandandwife夫妻;athome在家;bymistake错误地;atfirst起初;atlast最后;atonce立刻;atnoon在中午;atwork在工作;ontime准时;insurprise惊奇地;atnight在晚上;onfoot步行;onbusiness因公出差;onholiday在度假;inclass在课上;gohome回家;forexample例如;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼二．知识拓展有定冠词和无定冠词的区别(1)gotoschool去上学(是学生)(2)attable在吃饭(3)atschool在上学(4)inclass在上课(5)infrontof在(……外部的)前面(6)bysea乘船(7)inprison在坐牢(8)byday在白天考点1不定冠词的用法1.(2021福建,21)—YuanLongpingwasgreatscientist.

—Sohewas.Hemadegreatcontributionstohumanbeings.A.aB.anC.the【答案】A本题考查不定冠词。scientist为可数名词,此处表泛指,且great以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故答案为A。2.(2017福建,21)Jackissuchfriendlyboy.Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】A本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处为“such+a/an+adj.+名词单数”结构,又因为friendly是以辅音音素开头,故选A。3.(2021厦门质检,21)Kindleisapptoreade-booksonthephone.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】B句意:Kindle是手机上的一款阅读电子书的应用软件。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一款”,app是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an。故选B。4.(2020漳州质检,21)—Mygrandpaoftentakesawalkaftersupper.—Ithinkitisgoodhabit.

A.theB.aC.an【答案】B句意:——我的祖父经常晚饭后去散步。——我认为这是一种好的习惯。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一个好习惯”,且good是以辅音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词a。故选B。5.(2020泉州泉港质检,21)ChinaplaysimportantroleinglobalIP(知识产权)protection.

A.aB.anC.the【答案】B句意:中国在全球知识产权保护方面起着重要的作用。本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处表泛指,且important是以元音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词an。故选B。6.(2018福建,83)Hedreamedofbeinginventor.

【答案】an本题考查不定冠词的用法。由句意可知,他梦想成为一名发明家,所以此处应用不定冠词,由于inventor是以元音音素开头的单词,所以填an。7.(2020福建,84)Thefrogtoldhertoholdoutherfishingnettothesun’sraysandhewouldsingmagicsong.

【答案】a本题考查不定冠词的用法。根据语境可知,此空表示“一首神奇的歌”,表泛指,且magic是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以空格处填不定冠词a。故答案为a。8.(2021宁德质检,88)Theoxisconsideredassymbolofearnestness(认真)inChineseculture.

【答案】a本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处泛指“一种”,asymbolof一种……的象征,故用不定冠词a。9.(2021三明质检,82)Duringhervacation,shedecidedtobuyCasiowatch.

【答案】a本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处指“一块卡西欧手表”,“Casio”是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。10.(2021泉州质检,90)Youmayusethemtodescribetalentedartist,anexcellentjobcandidate,andsoon.

【答案】a本题考查不定冠词的用法。此处和anexcellentjobcandidate为并列关系,泛指“一个有才华的艺术家”,应填不定冠词,“talented”是读音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。考点2定冠词的用法1.(2020南平质检,21)—HowwasdinneratMike’shouse?

—Itwasgreat.Mike’smummadeitwonderfully.A.aB.anC.the【答案】C句意:——迈克家的晚餐怎么样?——太棒了。迈克的妈妈做得很好。本题考查定冠词用法。这里特指“迈克家的晚饭”,用定冠词the。故选C。2.(2020三明质检,21)—CanIhavealookatiPhoneyouboughtyesterday?

—Sure!Hereyouare.A.aB.anC.the【答案】C本题考查定冠词用法。根据句意可知,此处特指“昨天买的那部苹果手机”,应该用定冠词the。故选C。3.(2021福建,82)Butit’sbecomingoneofmostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

【答案】the