湖南省邵阳市武冈市2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题【含答案解析】

2024年下学期期中考试试卷高二英语注意事项：1.本试卷考试时量120分钟，满分150分;2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;3.请将答案填写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效，请勿折叠答题卡，答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whichanimalwouldwinajumpingcontestaccordingtothewoman?A.Afrog.B.Arabbit.C.Akangaroo.2.Whoisthewomantalkingto?A.Aworkman.B.Aco-worker.C.Herhusband.3.Whatisimportanttotheman?A.Thecost.B.Thetime.C.Theairline.4.What’stheweatherlike?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Warm.5.Whatisthemanlikelytodo?A.Dropoutofschool.B.Trytogetascholarship.C.Continuehisstudies.第二节(共15小题;每题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthemanwanttoleavehispresentjob?A.Hewantsahighsalary.B.Heneedstogotoschoolatnight.CHeprefersafull-timejob.7.Whatisthemaninterestedin?A.Computergames.B.TravelC.Languageteaching.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdidthewomanbringwithher?A.Ajacket.B.AnumbrellaC.Acarkey.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweatherreports?A.Theyrarelylie.B.Theyarenotreliable.C.Theyarealwaysaccurate.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanbuytheblackshoes?A.They’recool.B.They’recheap.C.They’recomfortable.11.Howmuchdoesapairofpinkshoescost?A.10dollars.B.15dollars.C.20dollars.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tokeepheroldshoes.B.Tobuythewhiteshoes.C.Toturntohermotherforhelp.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Sisterandbrother.C.Motherandson.14.WhatpetdoesCathyhave?A.Adog.B.Aparrot.C.Acat.15.Whydoesthewomanrefusetobuyrabbits?A.Theyareugly.B.Theyaresmelly.C.Theyarehardtolookafter.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.HaveatalkwithRobert.B.Buyasnakeasapet.C.Gotothemarket.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisunderrepairnow?A.Theroof.B.Theentrancehall.C.Theoutsidewalls.18.Whichroomcontainstheattractiveceiling?A.Thebedroom.B.Themusicroom.C.Thediningroom.19.Whichplaceprovidesfoodeveryday?A.Thekitchen.B.Thegarden.C.Thetearoom.20.Howmuchistheticketfora10-year-oldchild?A.₤3.50.B.₤5.50.C.₤7.00.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AExcitingChangesComingCheckoutthehighlightsattheParis2024OlympicGames:NewscoringrulesOlympicskateboardinghastwodisciplines:parkandstreet.Parkcourseslooklikelargepoolswithrampswhereathletesperformtricksduringtworunwhilestreetcoursescreaterailsandstepsforathletestocompletetimedrunsandperformgreattricks.Therewillalsobeanew“scoringrefusal”rule.Withthisrule,skaterscannowcancelatrick’sscore.Thisway,competitorscantellthejudgestoignoreapreviousattemptatatricksotheycandoabetterjobandachieveahigherscore.NewformatDoyouthinksportclimbingisjustaboutbeingfaster?Notreally.IntheOlympics,itincludesthreedisciplines:bouldering(攀石),speedandlead.Speedclimbingistheonlydisciplinewherefasterisbetter.Leadclimbingrequiresathletestoclimbwallsover15metreshighinsixminutes,thehigherthebetter.Asforbouldering,athletesclimba4.5-metre-highrockwallinalimitedperiodoftimeandinthefewestattemptspossible.InTokyo,athletescompetedinallthreedisciplines,withtotalscoresreflectingcombinedperformances.ForParis2024,therewillbetwodistinctOlympicclimbingevents.Onewillbeacombinedcompetitionofboulderingandleadevents,andthesecondwillfeatureaspeedevent.NewsportBreakingwillmakeitsOlympicdebutattheParisOlympicGames.ItisatypeofstreetdancethatstartedinNewYorkinthe1970s.It’spartofhip-popcultureandincludestoughmoveslikespinsandflips.Itwillfeature16malesand16femalesbornbyDec31,2008.Theywillcompeteinone-on-onebattlestomusicrandomlychosenbyaDJ.Theparticipantswillbejudgedonfiveaspects:musicality,performance,originality,techniqueandexecution.1.Whyisa“scoringrefusal”ruleintroducedinOlympicskateboarding?A.Toperformmoretricks. B.Tochangedisciplines.C.Toencouragebetterperformance. D.Toquestionjudges.2.Inwhicheventspeedistheonlyjudgingstandard?A.Boulderingclimbing. B.Speedclimbing.C.LeadClimbing. D.Parkskateboarding.3.Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureofbreaking?A.It’sopentoallagegroups. B.It’satraditionalOlympicevent.C.Athletescompetetospecificmusic. D.Itcombinesmusic,danceandstrength.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会的三个亮点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Newscoringrules下的“Therewillalsobeanew“scoringrefusal”rule.Withthisrule,skaterscannowcancelatrick’sscore.Thisway,competitorscantellthejudgestoignoreapreviousattemptatatricksotheycandoabetterjobandachieveahigherscore.(还将有一条新的“评分拒绝”规则。根据此规则，滑冰者现在可以取消技巧的分数。这样，参赛者可以告诉裁判忽略之前的技巧尝试，这样他们就可以做得更好并获得更高的分数。)”可知，在奥运会滑板比赛中引入“拒绝评分”规则是为了鼓励更好的表现，故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Newformat下的“Speedclimbingistheonlydisciplinewherefasterisbetter.(速度攀岩是唯一一项速度越快越好的项目。)”可知，速度攀岩是唯一以速度为评判标准的项目，故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Newsport下的“It’spartofhip-popcultureandincludestoughmoveslikespinsandflips.(它是嘻哈流行文化的一部分，包括旋转和翻转等高难度动作。)”可知，breaking的特点是它结合了音乐、舞蹈和力量，故选D项。BIn1885,ayoungdoctornamedConanDoyleopenedofficesinLondon.Hewantedtobeasuccessfuldoctor,butforsomereasonsheneverfoundenoughpatients.Topassthetime,hebegantowritestoriesandsendthemtothenewspapers.ConanDoyle’sstorieswereaboutacleverdetective,SherlockHolmes.ConanDoylewrotethatSherlockHolmeslivedinBakerStreetinLondon,andpeoplewithproblemscametohimforhelp.EvenpolicedetectivescametoSherlockHolmeswiththeirproblems,too.HewasabletosolvemysteriesthatthecleverestpolicemeninEnglandwereunabletofigureout.SometimesSherlockHolmescouldsolveamysterywithoutleavinghischair.Helistenedcarefullytotheinformationhisclient(委托人)gaveandfiguredouttheanswer.Atothertimeshespentdaysorweekslookingforclues.SherlockHolmestraveledtodifferentcitiesandcountriestosolvethemysteries.Sometimesheworedisguises,pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor.Holmesdidanythingtofindouttheanswertothemysterieshewasworkingon.HisbestfriendDr.Watsonkepthimcompany(陪伴)onmostofhisadventures.SherlockHolmesisthemostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliterature,butmanypeopledon’tunderstandthatheisafictionalcharacter,notarealperson.TheEnglishpostofficesreportthatpeoplestillsendmailtoSherlockHolmesinBakerStreet.Evenhegetsmorethan2,000letterseveryyear.4.ConanDoylebegantowritestoriesperhapsbecause______.A.hehadplentyoftimeB.hewantedtomakemoremoneyC.mostpeoplewerestrongatthetimeD.hewantedtotellsomethingabouthispatients5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.manypeopleaskedConanDoyletosolvetheirmysteriesB.ConanDoylegotalotofexperienceinsolvingmysteriesC.ConanDoylewasapersonwithgreatliteraryqualityandtalentD.ConanDoylewasabletohelpthosewhocametoseehimwiththeirproblems6.Thephrase“woredisguises”inthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.introducedoneself B.seemedtobepoorandhelplessC.wasinoldclothes D.changedone’sclothesorone’sappearance7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.In1885,ayoungdoctornamedConanDoyleopenedofficesinParis.B.ThecharacterConanDoylewroteaboutwasthoughttobearealpersonbymanypeople.C.Toearnalotofmoney,ConanDoylebegantowritestories.D.SherlockHolmesisstilllivinginBakerStreetandgetsmorethan2,000letters.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了医生ConanDoyle为了打发时间开始写故事，他创作的小说里的人物非常成功，非常吸引人，以至于人们认为这个人物是真实存在的。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Topassthetime,hebegantowritestoriesandsendthemtothenewspapers.(为了打发时间，他便开始写故事，并将写的故事发送到报社里)”可知，ConanDoyle开始写故事可能是因为时间太多了，为了打发时间。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“SherlockHolmesisthemostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliterature,butmanypeopledon’tunderstandthatheisafictionalcharacter,notarealperson.(SherlockHolmes是英国文学史上有名的人物，但是很多人不知道他只是一个小说人物，并非真实存在的人)”可知，ConanDoyle创作的人物让人们以为是真实存在的人物。由此推知，ConanDoyle是一个文学素养和文学天赋很高的人。故选C。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Sometimesheworedisguises,pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor.Holmesdidanythingtofindouttheanswertothemysterieshewasworkingon.(有时他会乔装打扮一下，假装自己是一个老人，或者一个水手。为了找出事实的真相，他可以做任何事)”可知，此处后文“pretendingtobeanoldman,orasailor(假装成一个老年人或者一个水手)”是对“woredisguises”的解释。由此推知，划线词组“woredisguises”意思是“乔装打扮”。故选D。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“TheEnglishpostofficesreportthatpeoplestillsendmailtoSherlockHolmesinBakerStreet.Evenhegetsmorethan2,000letterseveryyear.(邮差说不少的人一直给SherlockHolmes寄信，每年他会受到2000多封信)”可知，ConanDoyle创作的小说人物SherlockHolmes，被很多人误解为真实存在的人。故选B。CNearlyeveryweek,wehearnewsaboutthelatestsuccessesandfailuresindriverlessvehicles.Butwehearlittleabouthowotherindustriesaredevelopingthissamekindoftechnology.Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesareexperimentingwithhigh-techtoolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerLand.ItcreatedarobotequippedwithAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm.Therobothasfourwheelstocarryitthroughthefieldsinsearchofweeds.Computer-controlledarmsthenlowerandspraytheweedswithsmallamountsofherbicide(除草剂).Companyofficialssaytherobotcanfullyoperateonitsownforupto12hoursadaywhilebeingpoweredbythesun.Itusesthesamekindofsensorandpositioningtechnologyusedtoguidedriverlessvehicles.Afarmercanalsocontroltheequipmentthroughasmart-phone.Theco-founderofecoRobotix,AurelienDemaurex,saysthefarmrobotcankillweedswith20times1essherbicidethantraditionalmethods.Thisisbecausethesystemusesexactlytherightamountofchemicalintheexactplacerequiredtokilltheweeds.Currently,farmersspreadweedkillersovermassiveareastodestroyunwantedplants.AnothercompanydevelopingfarmroboticsisCalifornia-basedBlueRiverTechnology.Thecompanyhasasystemcalled"See&Spray",whichitclaimswastheworld'sfirstsmartsprayer.Thesystem-whichconnectstothebackofatractor-isalsoequippedwithAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.Itcanalsospraychemicalsonwantedplantstohelpthemgrow.BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&Spraytechnologyusesthesamedeeplearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."8.HowwillAIbenefitagriculture?A.Itwillfundagricultureresearch.B.Itcontributestolow-costfarming.C.Itcanavoidharmfulchemicals.D.Itfreesallfarmersfromfieldwork.9.Whatdotheproductsofthetwocompanieshaveincommon?ATheyuserecognitiontechnology.B.Theyarepoweredbysolarenergy.C.Theyareconnectedwithsmartphones.D.Theycanhelpwantedplantsgrowrapidly.10.WhatdoBenChostner'swordssuggestabouttherobot?A.Itisenvironmentally-friendly.B.Itisgoodatself-improving.C.Ithasthelearningability.D.Itcantrackvariousplants.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext？A.Theexperimentinfarmingrobots.B.Newtrendinartificialintelligence.C.ModernSee&Spraytechnology.D.Artificialintelligenceinagriculture.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。文章介绍了两家公司正在开发的高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。【8题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.Companiesareexperimentingwithhigh-techtoolsthatcanhelpfarmerssavetimeandmoney,whilereducingenvironment-harmingchemicals.（农业是研究和开发人工智能的重要行业之一。公司正在试验高科技工具，可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少对环境有害的化学物质。）由此推断出，人工智能通过降低成本造福农业，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段OneofthecompaniesisecoRobotixofSwitzerLand,ItcreatedarobotequippedwithAIandcamerastoidentifyallplantsonafarm（其中一家公司是瑞士的ecoRobotix，它创造了一个配备人工智能和摄像头的机器人，可以识别农场里的所有植物）和最后一段Thesystem-whichconnectstothebackofatractor-isalsoequippedwithAItoidentifyandchemicallykillonlytheweeds.（该系统连接到拖拉机的后部，也配备了人工智能来识别和化学杀灭杂草。）可知，这两家公司的产品的共同之处是他们使用识别技术，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&Spraytechnologyusesthesamedeeplearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."（BlueRiverTechnology负责业务开发的副总BenChostner在一段公司视频中解释称，See&SprayTechnology使用了与人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我们通过给它成千上万的例子来教它——现在它是猪草方面的专家。”）由此推断出，BenChostner的话表明这个机器人有学习能力，故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。第一段Oneindustryheavilyinvolvedinresearchinganddevelopingartificialintelligence,orAI,isagriculture.（农业是研究和开发人工智能(AI)的重要行业之一。）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了农业中的人工智能，故选D。【点睛】推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。小题3，答案定位在最后一段BenChostner,vice-presidentofbusinessdevelopmentforBlueRiverTechnology,explainsinacompanyvideothatSee&SpraytechnologyusesthesamedeepLearningmethodsusedinfacialrecognition."Thefirsttimethemachinesawapigweed,itdidn'tknowwhatkindofplantitwas.Butwetaughtit-bygivingittensofthousandsofexamplesofthatpigweed-andnowit'sanexpertinpigweed."（BlueRiverTechnology负责业务开发的副BenChostner在一段公司视频中解释称，See&SprayTechnology使用了与人脸识别相同的深度学习方法。“机器第一次看到杂草时，它不知道那是什么植物。但是我们通过给它成千上万的例子来教它——现在它是猪草方面的专家。”）由此推断出，BenChostner的话表明这个机器人有学习能力，故选C。DWaterpoisoningiscausedbytoomuchconsumptionofwaterduringashortperiodoftime.Waterinandofitselfisnotpoisonousbyanymeans,butrapidintakeofalargequantityofwatercanbreakthecarefulbalanceofsodium(钠)inthebodyfluids(体液).Thiscontributestoaswellingofthecells,ofteninthecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.Whenthecellscannolongerbearthepressure,theycanbegintodie.Thisisindicatedinseriousformsofwaterpoisoning.Symptomsofthisconditionincludevomiting,headacheandunresponsiveness.Whenthesodiuminthebloodfallstodangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.Whatisafatal(致命的)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofhealth,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,thetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.Forsome,aone-timeconsumptionofthreeliterscanprovedeadly.Althoughthepersonconsumingthewatermaylosealotoffluidduringheavylabororexercise,theelectrolytes(电解质)arenotreplacedfastenoughtoavoidwaterpoisoning.Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathletesengagedinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.Duetotheneedtoreplacelargequantitiesoflostfluid,runnersmustdrinkalotofwater.Thiscanleadtopoisoning,sorunnersmustreplacetheirfluidswithsportsdrinksthathaveaddedelectrolytes.Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludeactivitiesthatstimulateheavysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(湿气)mustbecarefulwhenconsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydipsiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffectedpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.12.Whatharmdoeswaterpoisoningbring?A.Itcanaffectbrainfunction. B.Itdisturbsthebalanceofsodium.C.Itcausesadropinbloodpressure. D.Ittendstomakeitsvictimsnervous.13.Whatcanweknowaboutproperamountofwatertodrink?A.Threelitersperdayisdeadly. B.Nosinglerulefitseveryone.C.Itdoesn’tbotherhealthypeople. D.Physicalactivityisitsdecisivefactor.14.Whowouldprobablyfallvictimtowaterpoisoning?A.Apatientsufferingfromstomachache.B.Alaborerworkingwithheavysweating.C.Anathletefondofdrinkingsportsdrinks.DAteenagerdoingappropriateexercisedaily.15.Whatmightbediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Whathasbeenfoundaboutsportsdrinks.B.Whatelsecontributestowaterpoisoning.C.Whatarethesymptomsofwaterpoisoning.D.Whatcanbedonetoavoidwaterpoisoning.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水中毒的危害、致病原因、致病人群以及如何避免水中毒。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Thiscontributestoaswellingofthecells,ofteninthecentralnervoussystem,includingthebrain.(这会导致细胞肿胀，通常在中枢神经系统，包括大脑。)”根据第二段“Whenthesodiuminthebloodfallstodangerouslevels,braindamageandpossiblydeathmayoccur.”（当血液中的钠降至危险水平时，可能会发生脑损伤，甚至死亡。）可知，水中毒会影响中枢神经系统，即影响大脑的功能。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Whatisafatal(致命)amountofwatercanvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonone’sstateofhealth,hisorherphysicalactivityatthetime,thetemperatureandtheamountoftimeinwhichthepersonconsumesthewater.(什么是致命的水量可能因人而异，具体取决于一个人的健康状况、他或她当时的身体活动、温度和人消耗水的时间。)”可知，合适的饮水量是没有一定的规律的，因人而异，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Otherfactorsthatcontributetowaterpoisoningincludeactivitiesthatstimulateheavysweating.Thepersonworkingunderextremeheatorintensehumidity(湿气)mustbecarefulwhenconsumingwaterinordertomaintainelectrolytebalance.(导致水中毒的其他因素包括刺激大量出汗的活动。在极端高温或强湿下工作的人在饮水时必须小心，以保持电解质平衡。)”可知，搬运工等剧烈出汗的人比较容易患上水中毒，故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thoseparticularlyatriskforwaterpoisoningareathletesengagedinlongdistancerunninglikeamarathon.(那些特别容易发生水中毒的人是像马拉松一样进行长跑的运动员。)”以及“Mentaldiseasescanalsoleadtowaterpoisoning.Psychogenicpolydipsiaisaconditioninwhichtheaffectedpersonfeelsaneedtodrinkalotofwaterforunknownreasons.(精神疾病也会导致水中毒。精神性多饮症是指受影响的人因未知原因感到需要大量饮水的情况。)”可知推断接下来文章会讨论的是如何避免水中毒，故选D。第二节七选五(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradarcomesfromthefirstlettersofthewords“radiodirectionandranging”.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____16____Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._____17_____Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(冲突)sincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._____18_____Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships._____19_____Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements._____20_____Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(弹道导弹)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Themeasurementisnowhighlyaccurate.B.Policetrackspeedersinradar-equippedcars.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbycommercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.B20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷达的重要性、发明过程以及应用情况。【16题详解】根据上文“Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.(没有雷达，飞机就不能在恶劣天气中安全着陆，船只就不能在浓雾中安全航行)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，说明雷达的重要性，D选项中It指代上文radar。故D选项“因此，它对托运人和旅行者特别有价值”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.(在19世纪，人们发现无线电波可以被物体反射。但直到20世纪30年代，当世界受到战争威胁时，科学家们才在雷达研究方面取得了重大进展)”以及后文“Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(冲突)sincethen.(从那时起，它几乎在每一次冲突中都被广泛使用)”可知，上文提到了雷达研究取得重大进展，后文提到了广泛使用，故本句是在说明雷达被应用的情况，故E选项“在第二次世界大战期间，许多国家有效地使用了雷达”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.(回声使雷达工作成为可能。当一束无线电波发出时，它击中一个物体并返回一个回声。这种回声被雷达接收并记录在类似电视屏幕的屏幕上。观察者在屏幕上看到一个闪光，它可以显示物体的方向和距离)”可知，上文提到了在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光，这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价，说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故A选项“现在的测量非常精确”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.(机场控制塔使用雷达引导飞机安全着陆。几乎所有的大型船只都依靠雷达来防止与冰山或其他船只相撞)”以及后文“Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements.(天气预报员在雷达屏幕上“看到”风暴的大小、方向和速度。天文学家甚至可以用雷达精确测量地球到月球的距离。因此，该设备帮助实现了重大进步)”可知，此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例，故本句主要是雷达在其他行业中应用的例子，故B选项“警察用装有雷达的汽车跟踪超速者”符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】根据后文“Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(弹道导弹)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.(它保护我们免受敌人可能的攻击。我们有弹道导弹预警系统，当导弹在1000英里以外的地方袭击时，它可以警告我们。其他雷达系统也可以警告我们敌人的飞机，甚至是间谍空间卫星)”可知，本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故G选项“加强国防是雷达最重要的功能之一”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节(本题有15小题，每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.I’mnotallowedtotouchthemoonrocks.ThisisthelabwheretheJohnsonSpaceCenter____21____theoriginalsamplesthattheApolloastronauts____22____totheearthdecadesago.AsIstareattherocksthroughglass,Charis,mytourguide,saysina____23____voice:Notouchingthemoonrocks.Before____24____thiscleanroom,Iremoveallmyjewelry.MyguideandIcoverourshoeswithblue-paperbootiesandstepintofull-bodyjumpsuits.Wethen____25____glovesandahaircover.Finally,wespendafullminutestandinginanairshower,underasteadylightwind____26____fromceilingtofloorto____27____usofanyfinedust.Insidethecleanroom,therocksarekeptin____28____,pressurizedcontainers.Onlyfivesampleprocessorsintheworldgettoroutinelyhandlethese____29____stones.Theypreserveandpreparethesamplesforstudies.TopickupanApollorock,theymustusespecialtools,followingprettystrict____30____abouttouchingsamples.Allthe____31____istoprotectthe382kilogramsofrocksliftedfromthemoon.“Onebig____32____beliefisthattheApollosamplesaren’tbeingstudiedanymoreandthattheyonlytellusaboutthemoon,”saysCharis.“Neitherofthoseistrue.”Keepingpricelesssamplesawayfromcurious____33____allowedscientiststomakeoneofthemostsurprisinglunar____34____ofthelast50years:Themooniswet.Thosesamplesarestillofferingfreshdetailsabouthowthe____35____—andtheentiresolarsystem—formedanddeveloped.21.A.accumulates B.stores C.tests D.analyzes22.A.brought B.sent C.donated D.introduced23.A.thoughtful B.sensitive C.eager D.firm24.A.leaving B.inspecting C.entering D.observing25.A.reachfor B.dealwith C.puton D.inquireabout26.A.blowing B.shooting C.sweeping D.rising27.A.warn B.assure C.remind D.clear28.A.useful B.secure C.empty D.new29.A.precious B.strange C.clean D.previous30.A.schedules B.laws C.rules D.orders31.A.effort B.sacrifice C.arrangement D.reform32.A.uncommon B.contradictory C.impractical D.mistaken33.A.minds B.looks C.fingers D.questions34.A.attempts B.fortune C.reservation D.discoveries35.A.sun B.moon C.earth D.universe【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.C26.A27.D28.B29.A30.C31.A32.D33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的保存和研究过程。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是休斯顿太空中心储存阿波罗宇航员几十年前带回地球的原始样品的实验室。A.

accumulates积累；B.

stores储存；C.

tests测试；D.

analyzes分析。根据后文“theoriginalsamples”可知，此处指储存月球岩石样品。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.

brought带来；B.

sent发送；C.

donated捐献；D.

introduced介绍。根据后文“totheearthdecadesago”和背景常识，可知阿波罗宇航员将月球岩石带回地球。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我透过玻璃凝视着岩石时，我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说：不要触摸月球岩石。A.

thoughtful体贴的;

B.

sensitive敏感的;

C.

eager渴望的;

D.

firm坚定的。根据句意及后文“Notouchingthemoonrocks”可知，这里表达我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：进入这个洁净室之前，我要摘掉所有的首饰。A.

leaving离开；B.

inspecting检查；C.

entering进入；D.

observing观察。根据后文“Iremoveallmyjewelry.MyguideandIcoverourshoeswithblue-paperbootiesandstepintofull-bodyjumpsuits.

”可知，此处指进入洁净室之前的步骤。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和我的导游给鞋子套上蓝色纸