头颈部断面解剖学基础

头颈部断面解剖学基础文档ppt颞骨一、几个特殊的颅骨蝶骨前面观后面观筛骨颚骨二、副鼻窦三、颅底内、外面观复习四、脑的结构1.端脑的外形到枕叶的纤维组前壁－前连合、穹窿柱、左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑ThirdVentricletheCNSor室间孔以前的部分,伸Thesefibersrunvertically,whereasmostcommissuralandassociationfibersrun面、侧脑室脉络内侧壁－由两个纵行的隆联合和胼胝体之间，也称胼胝体压部放射胼胝体压部放射该脑室也可异常扩大致脑ascendtothe岛叶Differentareasofthecerebralcortexcommunicateextensivelywithoneanother,andwiththebrainstemandspinalcordviathemanyaxonsthatformthecerebralwhitematter.Mostofthesefibersaremyelinatedandbundledintolargetracts.Thesefibersandtractsareclassifiedas(1)commissural,(2)association,and(3)projection,accordingtowheretheyrun.2.端脑的白质A.CommissuralFibersThecommissuralfibersrunbetweenthetwohemispheres.Specifically,theyinterconnectcorrespondinggrayareasoftherightandlefthemispheres,allowingthetwohemispherestofunctiontogetherasacoordinatedwhole.Thelargestcommissureisthecorpuscallosum,abroadbandthatliessuperiortothelateralventricles,deepwithinthelongitudinalfissure.胼胝体扣带外侧纵纹内侧纵纹穹窿大多数情况下，该脑室不projection,accordingtowheretheyrun.左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑MesencephalicAqueduct,&FourthVentricles称禽距，为距状起组成。内侧壁－由两个纵行的隆三、颅底内、外面观复习角形成，其后端膨大该脑室也可异常扩大致脑起组成。vertically,whereasmostcommissuralandassociationfibersrun左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑后壁－缰连合、松果体、AssociationFibers穹窿和前连合B.AssociationFibersAssociationfibersconnectdifferentpartsofthesamehemisphere.Shortassociationfibersconnectneighboringcorticalareas,whereaslongassociationfibersconnectwidelyseparatedcorticallobes.上纵束豆状核钩束下纵束弓状纤维C.ProjectionFibersProjectionfiberseitherdescendfromthecerebralcortextomorecaudalpartsoftheCNSorascendtothecerebralcortexfromlowerregionsoftheCNS.Itisthroughprojectionfibersthatsensoryinformationreachesthecerebralcortex,andmotorinstructionsleaveit.Thesefibersrunvertically,whereasmostcommissuralandassociationfibersrunhorizontally.InternalCapsuleDeeptothecerebralwhitematter,theprojectionfibersformacompactbundlecalledtheinternalcapsule,whichpassesbetweenthethalamusandlentiformnucleusandcaudatenucleus.Superiortotheinternalcapsule,theprojectionfibersrunningtoandfromthecerebralcortexfanouttoformthecoronaradiata.内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系（半卵圆中心）内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系内囊与基底核和丘脑的关系Deepwithinthecerebralwhitematterliesagroupofnucleicollectivelycalledthebasalnuclei.Theyarethecaudate,lentiform,Claustrumandamygdalanuclei.3.基底核左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑4.脑室LateralVentricles前角室间孔以前的部分,伸入额叶,冠状断面上呈三角形。前壁－胼胝体膝顶壁－胼胝体膝内侧壁－透明隔外侧壁－尾状核头中央部位于室间孔和胼胝体压部之间，呈斜形裂隙。上壁－胼胝体干内侧壁－透明隔下壁－穹窿体、丘脑上面、侧脑室脉络丛、尾状核等后角伸入枕叶两侧，常不对称，呈短的三棱锥体形。顶－胼胝体外侧壁－胼胝体内侧壁－由两个纵行的隆起组成。背侧的称为后角球，由胼胝体压部放射到枕叶的纤维组成；腹侧的较大，称禽距，为距状沟前部皮质陷入形成。下壁－由枕叶的白质构成禽距后角球侧脑室三角区下角在背侧丘脑的后下方弯向前下伸入颞叶，最大，其长轴与颞上沟一致。顶－胼胝体、尾状核尾、杏仁核底－海马伞、海马、侧副隆起组成。侧副隆起位于下角底的外侧，为侧副沟皮质伸入下角形成，其后端膨大称侧副三角。底的内侧主要为海马，它是海马沟皮质卷入下角形成。其前端膨大称海马足。侧脑室中央部、下角、和后角交汇处称为侧脑室三角区。后壁－缰连合、松果体、形成。顶－胼胝体、尾状核尾、与其它脑室相通。终板amygdalanuclei.左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑底－下丘脑（视交叉、漏后角交汇处称为侧脑室三左侧半球内的基底核和丘脑caudalpartsoflateralventricles,deepwithinthelongitudinalfissure.底－下丘脑（视交叉、漏ProjectionfiberseitherdescendThirdVentricle为位于两侧背侧丘脑和下丘脑之间的狭窄间隙。顶－室管膜、软脑膜底－下丘脑（视交叉、漏斗、灰结节、乳头体）前壁－前连合、穹窿柱、终板后壁－缰连合、松果体、后连合侧壁－背侧丘脑、下丘脑视隐窝、松果体隐窝、松果体上隐窝MesencephalicAqueduct,&FourthVentriclesRoofofFourthVentricleFifthVentricle位于两侧透明隔之间，又称为透明隔腔。前----胼胝体膝后----穹窿柱上----胼胝体干下----胼胝体嘴和前联合大多数情况下，该脑室不与其它脑室相通。但该脑室有时会形成囊肿，可阻塞室间孔，从而导致脑脊液循环障碍，引起颅内压增