翻译三级笔译实务分类真题1

翻译三级笔译实务分类真题1SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathice（江南博哥）aregnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.

InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussia'snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.

"Itispracticallyallice—permafrost—anditisthawing."ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.

ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.

CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.

AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.

InFinnmark,Norway'snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.

AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too."Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,"saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.

FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.

AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringweremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelichentheyeat.

"Thepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarelivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,"saidMr.Eira,sittinginsidehishomemadeofreindeerhides."Theydon'tmarkthechangeofweather.Itisonlypeoplewholiveinnatureandgetresourcesfromnaturewhomarkit."正确答案：随着全球变暖，海冰逐渐融化，海水水位上涨，侵蚀着北极圈附近的沿海居住区。

位于俄罗斯东北海岸的拜考夫斯基村(Bykovsky)居住着457名村民，这里的海岸线逐渐受到侵蚀，每年以15至18英尺的速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

“这里实际上是永冻层，全是冰，而现在冰层都在融化。”对于生活在北极圈以北的400万居民来说，气候变化带来了新机遇，但也对他们的生活环境和住所构成了威胁。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里，形成了自己独特的文化习俗，气候变化给当地文化保护工作也同样带来了威胁。

随着北冰洋海冰日渐融化，人们开始加速开发北极地区，这对于生活在极地的居民来说利弊兼有。在巴伦支海和卡拉海地区发现了大型油田后，人们不禁担心，满载着石油(不久后还会有液化气)的船只穿行斯堪的纳维亚沿岸的渔场前往欧洲和北美市场的途中可能会发生灾难性事故。随着北极地区能源工业的蓬勃发展，发电厂、烟囱和大型运输工具等配套设备、设施相继建立或出现，这片未被人类染指的净土也终将会受到污染。

阿拉斯加也面临海岸线遭受侵蚀的问题。对此，美国政府计划对因纽特人居住的几个村庄进行搬迁，每个村庄的搬迁成本预计在1亿美元以上。

北极地区的土著部落几百年来都生活在冰封雪冻的极端自然环境里，形成了自己独特的文化传统。现在，他们开始注意到天气和野生动物的变化，也在积极努力去适应气候变化，但这又谈何容易。

在挪威最北端的芬马克省，冬末时节的北极地区是一望无际的雪域景象，万籁俱寂，偶尔能听到驯鹿的嘶鸣声和养鹿人驾驶的雪地摩托发出的轰鸣声。

即使在这里也能感受到气候变化的影响。现年31岁的养鹿人埃拉说：“驯鹿越来越不开心。”

挪威的环保工作和土著文化保护工作走在世界前列。挪威政府拿出相当部分的石油收入用来保护这里的土著文化，萨米文化也由此迎来了复兴。

埃拉的生活与驯鹿已经密不可分。然而，他认为，无论政府投入多少资金用于土著文化保护，他的生活方式也终将会发生变化。像得克萨斯州的牧场主一样，埃拉不愿透露自己养了多少头驯鹿。不过，他说春秋季节天气转暖使得雪地的上层融化，之后融化的雪水(到了夏冬季节)再次结冰，驯鹿想要吃到底层的地衣就更不容易了。

“他们决策者都住在(北极圈)以南的城镇里，”埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里说道，“观察不到气候的真实变化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然为生的人才能体会得到。”

2.

Facedwithgrowingevidencethatavianinfluenzaisspreadinginbirds,theWorldHealthOrganizationonWednesdaysignedanagreementwiththeSwisspharmaceuticalcompanyRocheHoldingtobuildupitsstockpileofmedicinesincaseofapandemicinhumans.

Undertheagreement,RochewillreservethreemilliontreatmentsofitsTamifluantiviralmedicineforusebytheUNagencyincaseofaworldwidehumanpandemicofavianflu.

"It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic."

Theagencysaysonly57peopleinIndonesia,Vietnam,ThailandandCambodiahavedied,mainlyfromcontactwithinfectedbirds.ThevirushaskilledmillionsofchickensandledtopreventivecullingacrossAsiasincelate2003.

Sustainedhuman-to-humaninfectionhasnotyetbeenrecorded.ButtheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatbirdflu,whichfirstappearedinHongKongin1997,couldmutategenetically,makingiteasierforhumanstocatchandtransmitthediseaseamongthemselves.

SignsthediseasehasspreadrecentlytobirdsinSiberiaandKazakhstanareaddingtoconcerns,theWHOsays.ApanelofEuropeanUnionexpertswillconveneThursdayinBrusselstodiscussmeasurestopreventthespreadofbirddeathstoEuropeanpoultry.

Whenaskedwhetherhethoughtawidespreadoutbreakinhumanswasimminent,Leesaid:"Wedon'tknowwhenitwillcome.ButitwouldbehugelyirresponsibleiftheWHOandmemberstatesdidnottakepreventivemeasuresnow."

RochedeclinedtogivefiguresforitsstockpilesofTamiflu.

Aspokeswomanforthecompany,MartinaRupp,saidittookfrom12to18monthstodeliverthedrugafteranorderwasplaced—arelativelylongtimeduetoacomplicatedproductionprocess.正确答案：鉴于有越来越多的证据表明禽流感正在不断蔓延，世界卫生组织周三与瑞士罗氏制药公司签署协议，要求罗氏增加药物储备以防人类爆发大范围禽流感疫情。

按照该协议，为应对可能出现的全球性人类禽流感疫情爆发，罗氏将为世界卫生组织储备30077份达菲(抗病毒药物)以备不时之需。

“这仅够满足疫情爆发初期的药物需求，”世界卫生组织总干事李钟郁说，“显然不足以应对疫情全面爆发时的情况。”

世界卫生组织称，目前在印度尼西亚、越南、泰国和柬埔寨仅有57人死于禽流感，且死者中主要是因为接触了受感染的禽类而发病。自2003年年底禽流感疫情爆发以来，在亚洲有数百万只鸡死亡，为防止疫情进一步蔓延，对家禽进行了大规模扑杀。

现在尚未有持续性人传人感染的报道。不过，世界卫生组织警告称，最早于1997年在香港出现的禽流感病毒可能会发生变异，人类对病毒会更加易感，人传人的几率也会增加。

世界卫生组织称，有迹象表明，禽流感最近已蔓延至西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦，这使人们更加担忧。周四，欧盟专家小组将在布鲁塞尔召开会议，商讨如何防止禽流感疫情蔓延至欧洲，保护当地家禽不受感染。当被问及是否会很快出现大范围人传人禽流感疫情时，李钟郁说：“我们不知道何时会出现，但是如果世界卫生组织及其成员国现在不采取预防措施的话将是极其不负责任的。”

罗氏制药公司并未透露储备了多少剂达菲。

该公司发言人玛蒂娜·鲁普称，由于达菲生产工艺复杂，在接到订单后需要一到一年半才能交货。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。正确答案：译文1

Toupholdworldpeace,promotecommondevelopmentandseekcooperationandwin-winisthecommonwishofthepeoplearoundtheworldandanirresistibletrendofourtimes.

Committedtopeace,developmentandcooperation,Chinapursuesaroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andendeavorstobuild,togetherwithothercountries,aharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity.

NeverbeforehasChinabeensocloselyboundupwiththerestoftheworldasitistoday.TheChinesegovernmentworkstoadvanceboththefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthecommoninterestsofthepeoplesoftherestoftheworld,andpursuesadefensepolicywhichispurelydefensiveinnature.China'snationaldefense,inkeepingwithandcontributingtothecountry'sdevelopmentandsecuritystrategies,aimsatmaintainingnationalsecurityandunity,andensuringtherealizationofthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundway.Chinaisdeterminedtoremainastaunchforceforglobalpeace,securityandstability.

China'snationaldefenseandmilitarymodernization,conductedonthebasisofsteadyeconomicdevelopment,istherequirementofkeepingupwithnewtrendsintheglobalrevolutionanddevelopmentinmilitaryaffairs,andofmaintainingChina'snationalsecurityanddevelopment.Chinawillnotengageinanyarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanyothercountry.Atthenewstageinthenewcentury,wewilltakethescientificdevelopmentoutlookasanimportantguidingprincipleforthebuildingofnationaldefenseandmilitaryaffairs,vigorouslyadvancetherevolutioninmilitaryaffairswithChinesefeatures,andstrivetorealizeanall-round,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentinourcountry'snationaldefenseandmilitarycapabilities.

译文2

Universalpeace,common/inclusivedevelopmentandwin-wincooperationrepresentthesharedaspirationofallpeoplesacrosstheworld/auniversalaspirationandanirresistible/irreversibletrendofourtimes.Assuch/Inthiscontext,Chinaremainscommittedtopeacefuldevelopmentandstandsready/poisedtoworkwiththerestoftheworld/joininglobaleffortstobuildaharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity/whereallliveinpeaceandprosperity/wherepeaceprevailsandprosperityreachesallcorners/aworldofpeaceandprosperityforall.

NeverbeforeinhistoryhasChinabeensocloselylinkedto/interlinkedwith/interconnectedwith/integratedwiththeoutsideworld.AstheChinesegovernmentbearsinmindboththefundamentalinterestsofitspeopleandthecommoninterestsoftheglobalcommunity,itpursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.Whenitcomestonationaldefense,Chinaactsinlinewithandinthestrategicinterestofnationaldevelopmentandsecurity.China'snationaldefenseaimstosafeguardnationalsecurityandunityandsecurethebuildingofawell-offsocietyinallaspects.Chinaremainsastaunchforcebehind/forworldpeace,securityandstabilitynowandforever.

China'spushfordefenseandmilitarymodernizationamid/onthebackofitsongoingeconomicboomfollows/conformswith/consistswiththeemergingglobaltrendofmilitaryupgradingandcomesasasafeguardfornationalsecurityanddevelopmentgains.Chinawillrefrainfromenteringanarmsracewithanyothercountry,andwillconstitute/posenomilitarythreattoanyone./Chinawillnotenterneitherwillit...Atthenewdevelopmentstageinthenewcentury,weare,guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopment,pushingfor/pressingaheadwith/movingforwardwithmilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeaturestomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainableway./Atthispoint,ChinaiscommittedtomilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeatures.Guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopmentinthisendeavor,weareworkingtomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainablefashion.

2.

25年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。

从1978年至2003年的25年间，中国经济年均增长9.4%。25年前，中国年国内生产总值为1473亿美元，去年已达到14000多亿美元。

25年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为206亿美元，去年已达到8512亿美元。25年前，中国外汇储备为1.67亿美元，去年已达到4033亿美元。

目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。

中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。

虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。

我们已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番，达到4万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到3000美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。正确答案：Inthepast25years,whilepressingaheadwithreformandopeningup,Chinahasputinitiallyinplaceasocialistmarketeconomy,aneconomythatisopentotheoutsideworld.China'sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthhavebeenconstantlyenhanced.Withvarioussocialundertakingsdevelopinginfullswing,theChinesepeopleasawholehavemadethehistoricalleapfromsubsistencetomodestprosperity.Inthecourseof25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomygrewbyanaverageannualrateof9.4percent,withitsGDP,foreigntradeandforeignexchangereservesjumpingfrom147.3billionUSdollars,20.6billionUSdollarsand167millionUSdollarstoover1.4trillionUSdollars,851.2billionUSdollarsand403.3billionUSdollarsrespectively.Chinanowistheworld'ssixthlargesteconomyandthefourthlargesttrader.ThereasonwhyChinahasproducedsuchtremendouschangesiswehaveadheredtotheroadofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandperseveredinreformandopening-up,thusgalvanizingtheChinesepeople'sinitiative,enthusiasmandcreativity.

ThoughChinahasachievedimpressiveresultsinitsdevelopment,therearestillmanyacuteproblems,suchasoverpopulation,weakeconomicfoundation,underdevelopedproductivity,highlyunevendevelopment,andafairlysharpcontradictionbetweenthecountry'secologicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesontheonehandanditseconomicandsocialdevelopmentontheother.China'spercapitaGDP,thoughreachingtherecordhighof1,000USdollarslastyear,stillranksbehindthe100thplaceintheworld.TomakeChina'smodernizationprogramasuccessanddeliveraprosperouslifeforalltheChinesepeoplestillrequiresalonganduphillbattle.

Wehavealreadysetacleargoalforthefirst20yearsofthiscentury.Namely,inbuildingawell-offsocietyofahigherstandardinanall-roundwayforthebenefitofwelloveronebillionChinesepeople,wewillquadruplethe2000GDPto4trillionUSdollarswithapercapitaGDPof3,000USdollars,furtherdeveloptheeconomy,improvedemocracy,advancescienceandeducation,enrichculture,fostergreatersocialharmonyandupgradethetextureoflifeforthepeople.

Overthepastquarterofcentury,asocialistmarketeconomyhastakenshapeandanopeneconomyhascomeintobeingamid/thanksto/asaresultofChina'ssteadfast/ongoingcommitmenttoreformandopeningup.Duringthistimeframe,productivityandoverallnationalstrengthofChinahavebeenontherise,socialprogramshaveprogressedacrosstheboard,andthepeoplehavewitnessed/experienced/embracedahistoricleapfrogfromadecentlifetooneofmoderateprosperity.Overthe25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomyrecordedanaverageannualgrowthrateof9.4%,anditsGDPsurgedtoUS$1.4trillionfromUS$147.3billion.

Thepast25yearsalsosawChina'stotalforeigntradeshootupfrom