翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟32

翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟32ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.

Theuniversitytrainingenablesa（江南博哥）graduatetoseethingsastheyare,togorighttothepoint,todisentanglea______ofthought.A.strandB.massC.plethoraD.skein正确答案：C

2.

Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetas______earnedbyhisownlabor.A.whatB.suchC.oneD.that正确答案：D

3.

Thoughtactlessinhisyouth,BenjaminFranklinbecamesodiplomatic,so______athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.A.foxyB.considerateC.shrewdD.adroit正确答案：D

4.

Thereportercomparesahusbandtoaparticularlytrickymusicalinstrument,onethatawifemustlearntoplay______heradvantage.A.forB.asC.toD.in正确答案：C[解析]选择A和B似乎都说的通，但跟据全句整体语境以及learntoplay的暗示，只有答案C是正确选择，因为toone'sadvantage是个习惯用语，也是一个固定搭配。

5.

Historically,acornerstoneofclassicalempiricismhasbeenthenotionthateverytrue______mustbeconfirmablebyspecificobservations.A.popularizationB.generalizationC.modernizationD.convention正确答案：B

6.

Sometimes,itisdifficultforJohntogethisBrithshjokes______toAmericanaudiences.A.downB.overC.acrossD.up正确答案：B

7.

Thescientificdevelopmenthasbeenbreathtakinginthepastcentury,buttheunderstandingofthisprogresshasnot______changed.A.temporarilyB.rigorouslyC.dramaticallyD.incidentally正确答案：C

8.

Inanegotiation,ifneithersideisreadyto______whatisnecessaryforpeace,hostilitywillberesumed.A.precedeB.intercedeC.precedeD.concede正确答案：D

9.

Accordingtothenewspaper,thepolicearestilllookingforthecriminal,whoisstillat______.A.largeB.bayC.dawnD.dusk正确答案：A

10.

Inhishome,conversation______thereatthetableoneveryconceivabletopic.Allmembershadtheopportunitytotesttheirwitsagainsttheothers.A.aboundedB.roundedC.huntedD.haunted正确答案：A

11.

Duringthe______oftherain,shereturnedhomeimmediately.A.spinB.flickC.lullD.notch正确答案：C

12.

Ifaneedleisthrown______onasheetofpaperruledwithlines,howoftencanitbeexpectedtofallonaline?A.onpurposeB.withaccuracyC.atrandomD.accordingtoone'sownwill正确答案：C[解析]习语搭配

A．onpurpose故意；B．withaccuracy正确地；C．atrandom随意地；D．accordingtOone'sownwill按照某人自己的意愿；而本句意为：如果把一个针______扔在一张用尺子画上许多条线的纸上，那么这个针正落在一条线上的机率是多大?既然是问概率，那么应是随机地去做某事；因此答案应为C。

13.

AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerally______insocialcustomsthanWesterncountries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaandIndia.A.consistentB.conservativeC.comprehensiveD.confidential正确答案：B

14.

In1909,justtwoyearsbeforehisdeath,Galtonwasknighted.Galtons'splaceinthehistoryofpsychologyisensured.Morethananyotherperson,hesetpsychologyontheroadtoquantifyingitsdata,and,ofcourse,thewholetestingmovementineducationalpsychology______Galton'searlywork.A.playsanimportantroleinB.islargelydependentonC.owesamajordebttoD.istobecreditedwith正确答案：C[解析]该句空前在讲“教育心理学的测试运动”，后半部分讲“高尔顿的早期工作”，所以C项的“主要归功于”是唯一的选择。

15.

Thepresidentsaidthathewilldoeverythinghecouldtobe______ofthefaithandtrustofthepeopleandtohonourthepowerfulexampleofSenatorDanielPatrickMoynihan.A.worthyB.confidentC.faithfulD.confidential正确答案：A[解析]在所提供的四个选择中，只有答案A的worthy一词可跟介词of。

16.

InChina,itisaseriouscrimeto______ancientpaintingsoutofthecountry.A.struggleB.smuggleC.subletD.withdraw正确答案：B

17.

Onlyafterfoodhasbeendried,saltedorcanned______forlaterconsumption.A.thatisshouldbestoredB.shouldbestoredC.shoulditbestoredD.itshouldbestored正确答案：C[解析]结构识别

本句是倒装句结构：“only+状语”或“only+状语从句”放在句首或主句前时，主句的主语、谓语要部分倒装，因此C为答案。

18.

Therichmanwasaskedtopayahigh______forhisdaughterwhowastakenawaybycriminals.A.marginB.prestigeC.ransomD.purchase正确答案：C

19.

Becauseoftheeconomiccrises,manygraduatingstudentshavetobe______thepavemenmtsforajobevenbeforegraduation.A.walkingB.poundingC.locatingD.cashing正确答案：B[解析]topoundthepavements是个习惯用语，其意与“扫马路，找工作”近似。

20.

Feelingsofinfinite______seizedhimasherecalledthedayswhenhemetwithmisfortune.A.melancholyB.memorialC.megaphoneD.memory正确答案：A

Part2VocabularyReplacement1.

Thebosswhospeaksequivocallywhentheyrequiretheiremployeestodosomethingmaycausetheemployeesconfused.A.ambiguouslyB.angrilyC.abnormallyD.aggressively正确答案：A

2.

Howtodisposeofnuclearwasteisaninternationalissuecloudedbycontroversy.A.recycleB.getridofC.selectD.analyze正确答案：B

3.

Subterraneanstreamshavecutthroughlimestonetoformmilesofpassagesandcaves,suchasKentucky'sMammothCave.A.SecondaryB.UndergroundC.PollutedD.Miniscule正确答案：B

4.

Themanhadarathershadyoccupationandmadealotofmoneywithinashortperiodoftime.A.profitableB.comfortableC.honorableD.dishonest正确答案：D[解析]本题中，shady的意思是“成荫的，多荫的，阴暗的”。四个选项中，dishonest的意思是“不正当的”，如：getmoneybydishonestmeans(非法赚钱，得不义之财)。profitable的意思是“有利可图的”；comfortable的意思是“舒适的”；honorable的意思是“值得尊敬的”。只有D项符合题意。

5.

Itseemsthatthepresidentandthepremierlikeeachotherinmanyways,andonmanyissues.A.resembleeachotherB.areidenticalwitheachotherC.aresimilartoeachotherD.taketoeachother正确答案：D[解析]taketoeachother是likeeachother的另一个说法。

6.

Oftentherootsoftheplantsharborants,whichhelpbuildupthesoilbytheirwastesanddeadbodies.A.providefoodforB.givesheltertoC.supplywaterforD.obtainfoodfrom正确答案：B

7.

Theenvironmentalbalanceamongecologicalcommunitiesisexceedinglycomplex.A.almostB.successfullyC.extremelyD.rarely正确答案：C[解析]本题中，exceedingly的意思是“非常地，极度地”。四个选项中，extremely的意思是“极端地，非常地”，如：I'mextremelysorry．(我非常抱歉)。almost的意思是“几乎，差不多；successfully的意思是”顺利地，成功地；rarely的意思是“很少地，罕见地”。只有C项符合题意。

8.

Theburglarwasapprehendedbythealertrepairman.A.identifiedB.frizzedC.arrestedD.elated正确答案：C

9.

BeijingTelevisionStationTransmittingTowerreallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenitisilluminated.A.litupB.studiescarefullyC.illustratedD.decorated正确答案：A

10.

TomwasinsuchaninconsolablestatethatIdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstay.A.overjoyedB.brokenheartedC.enragedD.distracted正确答案：B

11.

AustraliabegantoassumeitsmodernconfigurationbytheEoceneEpoch,some50millionyearsago,whenAntarcticabrokeawayanddriftedsouthward.A.statusB.sphereC.shapeD.situation正确答案：C[解析]本题中，configuration的意思是“外形”。C项的“shape外形”符合题意，如：Ahugeshapeloomedupthroughthefog．(一个巨大的影像在雾中隐约出现)。其他三项“status地位；sphere球；situation情况”都不正确。

12.

SARSisstilljeopardizingpeople'slivesbeforescientistscomeupwithaneffectivetreatment.A.killingB.riskingC.endangeringD.adventuring正确答案：C

13.

Thenatureofsocialhistoryandlyricpoetryareantithetic,socialhistoryalwaysrecountingtheevanescent,lyricpoetryspeakingforunchanginghumannature,thattimelessessencebeyondfashionsandeconomics.A.predeterminedB.opposedC.irreconcilableD.interdependent正确答案：B

14.

Aneditor,especiallyaneditor-in-chief,hasthefinalsayaboutapublication:heisentitledtoexsciendanyobjectionabledetailsfromawritingtobepublished.A.excludeB.includeC.exposeD.expunge正确答案：D[解析]exsciend和expunged是同义词，均意为“删除”。

15.

In1982,HitachiwasindictedforstealingconfidentialdocumentsfromIBM.Aspartofacourtsettlement,thecompanypaidIBMhundredsofmillionsofdollars.A.condemnedforB.accusedofC.disciplinedforD.disapprovedof正确答案：B[解析]本题中，indictedfor的意思是“被起诉”。B项的“accusedof被控告”符合题意，如：Thepoliceaccusedhimofstealing．(警方控告他犯有盗窃罪)。其他三项“condemnedfor被责难；disciplinedfor被训练；disapprovedof不赞成”都不正确。

Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.

LearningtheEnglishlanguageinvolvingalotofskills,Sandraputsmuchemphasisonlearningthesentencepatternsotherthanthevocabulary.A.DespitethefactthatlearningtheEnglishlanguageinvolvingB.AlthoughthelearningoftheEnglishlanguagewouldinvolveC.EvenifthelearningoftheEnglishlanguageisinvolvingD.AlthoughthelearningoftheEnglishlanguageinvolves正确答案：D

2.

Eachyear,inanever-endingcycleofdeathandrebirth,therainssweepacrosssouthernAsia.A.regrowthB.regenerationC.reconstructionD.recycle正确答案：B[解析]本题考查名词辨析。句意为：每年，在一个死亡与再生的无限循环中，雨水席卷了亚洲南部。Rebirth“复活，新生”，regrowth“再次生长，继续生长”，regeneration“再生，重建”，reconstruction“重建，改造”，recycle“再循环，再生”。根据句意可知，答案是B。

3.

Ourholidayisdoomedtofailurewithoutyou.A.woulddoomB.wouldhavebeendoomedC.hadbeendoomedD.hashadtobedoomed正确答案：B[解析]本题考查虚拟语气的用法。此句是“without”引导的含蓄条件虚拟句。有你是既定事实，此句是对在没有你的情况下进行的虚拟，是对过去的虚拟，故主句用“wouldhave+过去分词”的结构。所以，答案为B。

4.

Ishouldcometothespotsoon,butthatIhavebeenmuchengagedwithsomeformalities.A.IwouldhavecometothespotsoonB.IshouldhavecometothespotsoonC.IcouldcometothespotsoonerD.Iwouldcometothespotsooner正确答案：B

5.

TheparadoxicalaspectofthemythsaboutDemeter,whenweconsiderthepredominantimageofherasatranquilandserenegoddess,isheragitatedsearchforherdaughter.A.whenconsideringthepredominantimageofherasB.whenconsiderthepredominantimageofherasC.whileconsideringthepredominantimageofherlikeD.ifweconsiderthepredominantimageofherlike正确答案：B

6.

AcenturyaftertheGerman-bornscientistformulatedhisfamoustheoryofrelativityinSwitzerland,and50yearsafterhisdeathonApril18,1955,Einsteinbeingreclaimedbythecountryherejected.A.isbeingreclaimedbythecountryherejected.B.istobereclaimedbythecountryhehadrejected.C.hadbeenreclaimedbythecountryherejected.D.ishavingbeenreclaimedbythecountryherejected.正确答案：A

7.

Furnituremakersusegluetoholdjointstogetherandsometimestoreinforceit.A.itsB.fastC.hardD.them正确答案：D[解析]本题考查代词应用。句意为：家具制造者用胶把接口连接起来，有时是为了加固接口。分析句子可知，所填之词应指代前面提到的joints，是名词复数。所以应用代词them来代替。所以，答案是D。

8.

Therecentconferenceontheeffectiveuseoftheseasandoceanswasanotherattemptresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrieswithconflictinginterests.A.resolveB.resolvesC.toresolveD.beingresolved正确答案：C[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：最近有关合理有效的利用海洋的会议是解决有着利益冲突的各国之间重大差异的另一次尝试。attempttodosth.为固定用法，意为“努力，尝试”，所以此处应用动词的不定式形式。所以，答案是C。

9.

Regardingtheirfamilyroles,Chinesewives,KoreanwivesandAmericanwivesdifferfromeachotherinbothhowlongtheyspentathomeandtheirstatusasanindividual.A.eachotherineitherthetimetheyspendhomeandtheirstatusB.oneanotherinbothhowlongtheyspendathomeandwhattheirstatusC.eachotherinboththetimetheyspendhomeandtheirstatusD.oneanotherinboththetimetheyspendathomeandtheirstatus正确答案：D[解析]此句有两个语法点：一是eachother和oneanother的用法，二是both...and...。首先，eachother用于两者之间，而oneanother则用于三者及以上；第二，both和and连接的一般应该是同类词。举例说，如果位于both之后的是个名词，那么跟随and的也应该是个名词或名词词组。

10.

ThebeliefisthelegendarylostcontinentofAtlantismaysomedaybefound.A.ItisbelievedthatB.ItisbelievingthatC.ThebeliefthatD.Thatbeliefis正确答案：A[解析]本题考查固定用法。Itisbelievedthat...为固定用法，意为“人们普遍相信/认为……”。故本题答案为A。

11.

Isupposethepartyendedinafriendlyatmosphere,isn'tit?A.don'tIB.doIC.diditD.didn'tit正确答案：D[解析]本题考查反意疑问句的用法。陈述句谓语用肯定形式，疑问句谓语要用否定形式，因此可排除B、C两项；又因为陈述句的谓语动词是实意动词ended，所以反意疑问句中应借助助动词do，为didn'tit。所以，答案是D。

12.

ThepresentmeetingisbeingheldatthjerequestofSyriaandLebanon,arequestwithwhattheMaoritaniandelegationcompletelyassociatesitself.A.towhichB.withwhatC.withthatD.withwhich正确答案：D

13.

Followingayearoffastdevelopment,bythefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsites.A.Chinahadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesbytheendoflastMarchB.bytheendofthefirstquarterofthisyear,Chinahashadabout1,100e-commercewebsitesC.bytheendofthisrecentpastMarch,Chinahasabout1,100e-commercewebsitesD.bytheendofthisfirstquarter,Chinahadabout1,100orsoe-commercewebsites正确答案：A[解析]本题考查时态应用。句意为：通过一年的快速发展，到第一季度末，中国已有1100个电子商务网站。根据句意，句子时态应该是一般过去时，排除掉B和C。而且第一季度已经过去了，D中的this表示将要到来的，也应排除。故答案是A。

14.

Icannotthankyouverymuchforyourkindness,Iowemysuccesstoyou.A.soB.tooC.asD.enough正确答案：B[解析]本题考查习惯搭配。句意为：对于你的好心，我再怎么感谢也不为过，我把我的成功归功于你。cannot...too...是固定搭配，表示“再……也不为过，越……越好”，符合句意。故答案为B。

15.

Withitsdistinctiveethniccharacteristics,Tibetologicalresearch,whichwouldplayanimportantroleininheritinganddevelopingtheessenseoftraditionalTibetanculture,hasreceivedattentionandsupportfromthestate.A.whichisplayingB.thatispalyingC.whichplaysD.thatplays正确答案：C

ⅡReadingComprehension

Thisleavesuswiththechallengeoffindingsomepoliticallypracticablewaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ButitisanawkwardtruththatwhenmostU.S.senatorswereaskedinformallyin2000iftheywouldsupporttheKyotoProtocolshouldPresidentGeorgeW.BushsendittotheSenateforratification,theoverwhelmingmajority,DemocratsaswellasRepublicans,saidtheycouldnot.Thereasonfortheliberals'surprisingreplyisclear.Manystudies,notallbyconservatives,suggestthatfullcompliancewiththetermsoftheKyotoProtocolwouldlikelyleadtoadeepAmericanrecession.ForthosewillingtoFunthisrisk,soberreflectionontheconsequencesoftheeconomiccollapseof1929andthesubsequentworldwidedepressionwithallitspoliticalandultimatelymilitaryconsequencesiscertainlyinorder.

Thatsaid,whatcanbedone,inparticularbyourowncountry?IndependentoftheissuesraisedbytheKyotoProtocol,andgiventheweightofevidencethattheproblemofglobalwarmingisseriousandfraughtwithdireconsequences,failuretodoanythingatallandinsteadtopromote"businessasusual"isdownrightcriminal.

YettheBushadministrationhasgivennomorethanlipservicetotheproblem,thoughthatcouldbechanging.Itisonethingtoweighalternativesandimplementcompromisesthatreflectthecomplexityoftheproblem;itisquiteanotherthingtodonothing,especiallyifdoingnothingisjustawayofsecuringsupportfromcertainindustriesthatworsentheproblem.

Thereare,afterall,thingsthatcanbedone.Reopeningaseriousinternationaldialogue,andnotjustsayingafewgoodwords,wouldbeausefulifinadequatestart.Noteveryproblemmustbesolvedbeforetheweightofevidencebecomessocompellingthatcertaininitialstepsbecomealmostmandatory.Wealreadyknowhowtomakemorefuel-efficientautomobiles,yetnonationalpolicyhassurfacedtoaccomplishthis.Thescientificandengineeringcommunitiesaretheonesbestsuitedtoidentifythescientificresearchthatisstillneededandthetechnicalprojectsthatshowthegreatestpromise.Theseissuesshouldbedecidedbythemandnotthepoliticians.Oncesolutionslookpromising,asafewalreadydo,industrywillbealltooreadytojumpin,foratthatstagethereismoneytobemade.Andonlyafoolwouldunderestimatehumaningenuitywhengivenaproperincentive,orthestrengthofAmericanindustryoncetheboilerislitunderit.1.

Theword"ratification"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.approvalB.agreementC.authorizationD.confirmation正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“iftheywouldsupporttheKyotoProtocolshouldPresidentGeorgeW.BushsendittotheSenateforratification”可知，专如果他们支持《京都议定书》，布什总统就会把它提交参议院批准。选项中的A项为“批准，同意”符合文意。B项“同意，协议”，C项“授权”，D项“确认，确定”，这三项均不符合题意。

2.

WhatcanbeinferredabouttheKyotoProtocolfromParagraph1?A.Itwasaboutenvironmentprotection.B.ItwassupportedbymostDemocrats.C.Itwasconsideredawkwardbyconservatives.D.ItwasofficiallyrejectedbymostUSsenators.正确答案：A[解析]文中第一段的“Thisleavesuswiththechallengeoffindingsomepoliticallypracticablewaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.”中出现了温室气体排放，紧接第二句话用转折的语气出现了《京都议定书》，由此可知，《京都议定书》肯定和环境有关系，所以A项“它是关于环境保护的”符合题意。B项“它被大多数的议员支持”，这和文中内容相反；C项“大多数议员认为它是棘手的”，文中说“一切正常”，所以棘手不符合文意；D项“它被大部分的美国参议员正式地拒绝了”，文中说的是如果提交到参议院，会被大部分的参议员拒绝，这是一种假设，不是事实，所以这三项都不正确。

3.

Theword"compliance"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.obedienceB.submissionC.subjectionD.procrastination正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“suggestthatfullcompliancewiththetermsoftheKyotoProto-colwouldlikelyleadtoadeepAmericanrecession”可知，建议完全遵循《京都东议定书》可能会导致美国经济的进一步衰退。选项中的A项为“遵守，遵照”符合文意。B项“提交，呈递”，C项“征服，臣服”，D项“拖延，耽搁”，这三项均不符合题意。

4.

ManystudiessuggestthatfullagreementwiththeKyotoProtocolwouldruntheriskof______.A.fallingvictimtomilitarywarfareB.offendingothercountriesC.re-experiencingthepastmiseriesD.provokingnationwideanger正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Manystudies,notallbyconservatives,suggestthatfullconpliancewiththetermsoftheKyotoProtocolwouldlikelyleadtoadeepAmericanrecession.”可知，一些研究显示，完全同意《京都议定书》的条款，很可能会导致美国经济衰退，后面提到1929年美国经济危机，所以C项“将重新经历美国过去的苦难”符合题意。A项“成为战争恶梦的牺牲品”，B项“激怒其他国家”，D项“激发全国的愤怒”，文中主要强调对美国经济的影响，所以这三项都不符合题意。

5.

WecanlearnfromParagraph2that______.A.measuresshouldbetakentodealwithglobalwarming.B.thebestwaytodealwithglobalwarmingis'letitbe'.C.theseriousnessofglobalwarminghasbeenexaggerated.D.promoting"businessasusual"mustbefurtherstressed.正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“andgiventheweightofevidencethattheproblemofglobalwarmingisseriousandfraughtwithdireconsequences,failuretodoanythingatallandinsteadtopromote'businessasusual'isdownrightcriminal.”可知，全球变暖已经是一个很严重的问题，如果我们对此不做任何事，那就是犯罪，不采取任何措施来解决这个问题是不正确的。所以A项“必须采取措施去处理全球变暖问题”符合题意。B项“处理全球变暖最好的办法就是让它顺其自然”，顺其自然是一些人的观点，但不是解决全球变暖问题的方法；C项“全球变暖的严重性已经被夸大了”，全球变暖问题是个很严重的问题，这是事实，并没有夸大；D项“一切正常的倡议必须被进一步强调”，这不应该被强调，这个观点应该被推翻，所以这三项都不符合题意。

6.

Theword"dire"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.horribleB.immeasurableC.incalculableD.inhuman正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“andgiventheweightofevidencethattheproblemofglobalwarmingisseriousandfraughtwithdireconsequences”可知，全球变暖问题非常严重，伴随着可怕的后果。选项中的A项为“可怕的，吓人的”符合文意。B项“不可估量的”，C项“无法计算的”，D项“没有人性的”，这三项均不符合题意。

7.

TheBushadministration______.A.hasassistedinaggravatingglobalwarmingB.hastakennomeasuresagainstglobalwarmingC.hasexecutedcompromisesaboutglobalwarmingD.hasgotbigindustries'supporttostopglobalwarming正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“YettheBushadministrationhasgivennomorethanlipservicetotheproblem.”可知，布什政府对《京都议定书》倡导的保护环境问题没有采取任何实际行动，所以B项“布什政府应对全球变暖没有采取任何措施”符合题意。A项“在日益恶化的全球变暖中给予了帮助”，和文中内容相反；C项“已经向全球变暖妥协”，D项“已经得到很多工业的支持去阻止全球变暖”，C、D两项在文中没有提到。

8.

TheauthorsuggestsallofthefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT______.A.reopeningaseriousinternationaldialogueB.overcomingalldifficultiesbeforestartingC.conductingscientificresearchesconcernedD.doingthemostpromisingtechnicalprojects正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“Noteveryproblemmustbesolvedbeforetheweightofevidencebecomessocompellingthatcertaininitialstepsbecomealmostmandatory.”可知，B项“在采取措施之前，并不需要解决好所有的问题”符合题意。A项“重新开展严肃的国际对话”，C项“开展相关的科学研究”，D项“做最有前途的技术项目”，这三个措施在最后一段中都有相互对应的内容，所以本题只能选B。

9.

Theword"downright"underlinedinParagraph2refersto______.A.completeB.realC.meaningfulD.especial正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“failuretodoanythingatallandinsteadtopromote'businessasusual'isdownrightcriminal”可知，不做任何事情，但继续像往常一样促进贸易也是完全的犯罪。选项中的A项为“完全的”符合文意。B项“真正的”，C项“有意义的”，D项“特殊的”，这三项均不符合题意。

10.

Inthelastparagraph,theexpression"oncetheboilerislitunderit"mostprobablymeans"whenAmericanindustryis______."A.underminedB.upgradedC.incensedD.stimulated正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“Andonlyafoolwouldunderestimatehumaningenuitywhengivenaproperincentive,orthestrengthofAmericanindustryoncetheboilerislitunderit.”可知，当给与适当刺激，只有傻瓜才会低估人类的心灵手巧，一旦获得动力，美国企业的力量不容低估。所以D项“刺激，激励”符合题意。A项“暗中破坏，逐渐削弱；侵蚀……的基础”，B项“提升，使升级”，C项“激怒”，这三项和文中oncetheboilerislitunderit要表达的意思不符合。

MostpeoplewouldbeimpressedbythehighqualityofmedicineavailabletomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealofattentiontotheindividual,avastamountofadvancedtechnicalequipment,andintenseeffortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmustfaceinthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.

ButtheAmericansareinamess.Theproblemisthewayinwhichhealthcareisorganizedandfinanced.Contrarytopublicbelief,itisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Totheprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystem,becauseprivatecarewassimplynotlookingafterthelessfortunateandtheelderly.

Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem,whichthisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.budget—largenumbersofAmericansareleftout.Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimitsonincomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan.

Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontroloverthehealthsystem.Thereisnolimittowhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.

Whenfacedwithtoothache,asickchild,oraheartattack,alltheunfortunatepersonconcernedcandoispayup.

Two-thirdsofthepopulationarecoveredbymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchastheywantknowingthattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill.

ThemedicalprofessionhasasaresultbecomeAmerica'snewbigbusinessmen.Theaverageincomeofdoctorshasnowreached$100,000ayear.Withsuchvastincomesthetalkinthedoctor'ssurgeryisaslikelytobeaboutthedoctor'slatestfinancialdeal,asaboutwhethertheminoroperationheisrecommendingat,severalthousanddollarsisentirelynecessary.

TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.A.isamongthemostworryingproblemfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry'shealthcostclimbed15.9percent—abouttwiceasfastaspricesingeneral.11.

ItisimpliedthatAmericandoctorsoften______.A.tradetheirprofessionalismforfinancialbenefitsB.failtorecognizethepayingpowerofthepatientsC.discussabouthowtomakemoneyduringthesurgeryD.givethepatientsexpensivebutneedlesstreatments正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Withsuchvastincomesthetalkinthedoctor'ssurgeryisaslikelytobeaboutthedoctor'slatestfinancialdeal,asaboutwhethertheminoroperationheisrecommendingat,severalthousanddollarsisentirelynecessary．”可知，C项“在手术中讨论如何赚钱”符合题意。A项“用他们的专业知识去换取经济利益”，B项“不能辨别出病人的支付能力”，A、B两项在文中没有提到；D项“给病人昂贵的不需要的治疗”，文中提到昂贵，但是没有提到治疗是不是病人需要不需要的，所以D不正确。

12.

IntheU.S.patientscanexpect,inmedicaltreatment,______.A.occasionalmistakesbycarelessdoctorsB.agreatdealofpersonalattentionC.lowchargebydoctorsandhospitalsD.slackingnursesandbadservices正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“'Thereisalotofspecialization,agreatdealofattentiontotheindividual,avastamountofadvancedtechnicalequipment”可知，B项“agreatdealofpersonalattention很多个人护理”符合题意。A项“粗心医生偶然的错误”，第一段提到医院有专业化的团队，为避免错误不遗余力，所以A项说法不正确；C项“医生和医院的低收费”，文中提到大部分医疗费用由保险公司支付，所以医院收费很高，由此C项错误；D项“松散的护士和劣质的服务”，第一段说病人能得到医院高质量的关怀，所以说服务劣质也不符合文意，所以这三项都排除。

13.

Theword"specialization"underlinedinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.restrictionB.classC.standardD.norm正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“Thereisalotofspecialization”可知，有很多限制。选项中的A项为“限定，限制”符合文意。B项“等级”，C项“标准”，D项“准则”，这三项均不符合题意。

14.

Doctorsandhospitalstryhardtoavoidmakingmistakesbecause______.A.theyfeartobesuedbythepatientsB.theycaremuchabouttheirreputationC.theycompeteforgettingmorepatientsD.theywishtojointheprivatemedicalsystem正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“andintenseeffortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmustfaceinthecourtsiftheyhandlethingsbadly.”可知，一旦医生和医院处理事情不当，他们将在法庭上面临财务风险，所以A项“他们害怕被病人控告”符合题意。B项“他们很在意他们的名誉”，C项“他们竞争得到更多的病人”，D项“他们想加入私人医疗体系”，这三项和第一段内容不符合。

15.

Thephase"inamess"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.indisorderB.untidyC.uncleanD.chaotic正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“ButtheAmericansareinamess”可知，但在美国一片混乱。选项中的A项为“元秩序的，混乱的”符合文意。B项“不整洁的”，C项“不干净的”，D项“混沌的”，这三项均不符合题意。

16.

WhatdoMostAmericansthinkabouthealthcareintheU.S.?A.Itmustbeintotalchaos.B.Itmustbeafreecompetitionsystem.C.Itshouldcovertheunemployed.D.Itshouldinvolveprivatecare.正确答案：B[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Contrarytopublicbelief,itisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.和公众的信念相反，美国的医疗体系不是一个公平竞争的体系”可知，公众认为它是一个自由竞争体系，所以B项符合题意。A项“它一定处在一片混乱中”，C项“它应该覆盖失业人员”，D项“它应该包含私人护理”，这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。

17.

Thephase"leftout"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.ignoreB.considerC.eliminateD.debar正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“largenumbersofAmericansareleftout”可知，大部分美国人被忽视了。选项中的A项为“忽视，忽略”符合文意。B项“考虑”，C项“排除，消除”，D项“防止，禁止”，这三项均不符合题意。

18.

FromParagraph3weknowthat______fromthepublichealthsystem.A.millionsofjoblesspeoplegetsupportB.thosewithsteadyincomedonotseekhelpC.somepeoplearemadeineligibletobenefitD.thosewithprivatehealthcareareexcluded正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimitsonincomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan．”可知，在美国一些失业人员和那些拥有政府的固定的收入，严格讲不符合规定，试图通过此方式储蓄的那部分人仍然得不到医疗体系的帮助，所以C项符合题意。A项“成千上万的失业人员从公共医疗体系得到帮助”，这和文中内容相反；B项“有稳定收入的人不从公共医疗体系寻求帮助”，D项“有私人医疗保险的人被排除在外”，B、D和文中第三段内容不符合。

19.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeyfactorintheriseofhealthcostintheU.S.?A.Therefusalofinsurancecompaniestopaythebills.B.Theincreaseofthenumberofdoctorsandhospitals.C.Thelackofgovernmentcontroloverthemedicalprices.D.Themergerofprivatehealthcarewiththepublicsystem.正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“Thebasicproblem,however,isthatthereisnocentralcontroloverthehealthsystem.Thereisnolimittowhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservices,otherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay．可知，医生和医院收费高，是因为政府控制不到位，所以C项“对医疗价格政府缺乏控制”符合题意。A项“保险公司拒付医疗账单”，B项“医生和医院数量的增加”，D项“私人医疗体系和公共医疗体系的合并”，这三项和第四段内容不符合，不是医院收费高的根本原因。

20.

Theword"they"underlinedinParagraph5refersto______.A.doctorsB.moneyC.populationD.patients正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Doctorschargeasmuchastheywantknowingthattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill”可知，医生根据他们想要的尽量多收费，因为他们知道保险公司会支付的。由此可知，they代指前面提到的医生。所以正确答案是A选项。

Everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof"backward"languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex．TheydifferfromWe