译林 八下 英语 Unit 1《Period 3 Grammar》课件

Unit1PastandpresentPeriod3Grammar课文呈现PresentperfecttenseWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.课文呈现EddiehasjusteatenHobo’sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)TIPWecanusethesetimeexpressionswiththepresentperfecttense.alreadyyeteverneverjustrecentlysincefor课文呈现Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.Wemakepositivestatementsinthepresentperfecttenselikethis：I/You/We/Theyhavearrived.He/She/Ithas课文呈现Wemakenegativestatementsinthepresentperfecttenselikethis:Weaskandanswerquestionsusingthepresentperfecttenselikethis:I/You/We/Theyhavenotarrived.He/She/IthasHaveI/you/we/theyarrived?Hashe/she/it课文呈现Yes,I/you/we/theyhave.he/she/ithas.No,I/you/we/theyhaven’t.he/she/ithasn’t.TIPhavenot＝haven’thasnot＝hasn’t课文呈现Weformthepastparticiplesofregularverbsbyadding-ed,justaswhatwedotoformthesimplepasttenseoftheseverbs.Mostverbs＋edfinish→finishedVerbsendingin-e＋dchange→changedVerbsendinginaconsonant＋y-y＋iedcarry→carriedShortverbsendinginavowel＋aconsonantdoubletheconsonant＋edstop→stopped课文呈现Weformthepastparticiplesofirregularverbsdifferently.Herearesomeexamples.Nochangecome→comehurt→hurtChangethevowelhold→heldwin→wonChangetheconsonantlend→lentbuild→built课文呈现Changethevowel(s)andtheconsonant(s)catch→caughtkeep→keptforget→forgottentell→toldOthersbe→beenhave→hadfall→fallenfly→flowndraw→drawnsee→seenTIPTurntopages122and123formorechangesofirregularverbs.课文呈现Thetablebelowshowsmoreexamplesofthepastparticiplesofverbs.RegularverbsIrregularverbsBaseformPastparticipleBaseformPastparticiplevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmet课文呈现RegularverbsIrregularverbsmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewrittenplanplannedthinkthought课文呈现AshorttestA.MrWuwantsthestudentstopractiseusingthepresentperfecttense.Helpthemwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.1.borrow___________

2.hope___________3.make___________

4.get___________5.plan___________

6.cry___________7.send___________

8.watch___________9.say___________

10.grow___________11.hit___________

12.enjoy___________borrowedhopedmadegotplannedcriedsentwatchedsaidgrownhitenjoyed课文呈现B.MrWuasksthestudentstocompletethesentencesbelowusingthepresentperfecttense.Helpthemcompletethesentences.1.They_____________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.Johnnever_____________(visit)China.havefinishedhas;visited课文呈现3.MrLi_____________(repair)overtenbicyclessinceMonday.4.We_____________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents_____________(notcome)backyet.①6.Ourteacher_____________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.hasrepairedhaven’tseenhaven’tcomehastaught温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲”链接。课文呈现ChattimeC.MillieandSandyaretalkingaboutafilmaboutthehistoryofBeijing.Completetheirconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Millie:(1)___________you(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?②

Sandy:No,Ihaven’t.Whataboutyou?Have;seen课文呈现Millie:I(2)___________(see)onelastSaturday.Sandy:What’sitabout?Millie:It’saboutthechangesinBeijingoverthepastcentury.Fromthisfilm,I(3)_____________(learn)moreaboutBeijing’spastandpresent.Sandy:Oh,IthinkI(4)___________(hear)aboutthefilm.Doyouplantoseeitagain?Millie:Yes,I’dliketo.sawhavelearnedhaveheard考点精讲①Myparents_______(notcome)backyet.yet/jet/adv.还，仍考点1yet为现在完成时的标志词，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。用于否定句和疑问句中。对应词是already，意为“已经”，用于肯定句中。考点精讲e.g.Thetrainhasn’tarrivedyet.火车还没有到达。Hehasn’tcomeyet.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?他还没有来。你认为他发生了什么事？Mymotherhasalreadyfinishedthehousework.我妈妈已经做完了家务活。Isit10o’clockalready？已经十点钟了？用于疑问句时表示惊奇、怀疑。考点精讲yet一般用在疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中意为“已经”；在否定句中意为“还”，通常放在句末。—Haveyoufoundthebookyet？你已经找到那本书了吗？—Notyet.还没找到。still意为“仍然；还”，表示某事正在进行中，可用于各种句式，一般只位于句子中间。Doyoustillteachinthatschool？你还在那所学校教书吗？辨析：yet与still考题1：[青岛]Hollyhas______fedthedog,butshehasn’twateredtheplants______.A.still;alreadyB.already;yetC.yet;stillD.yet;already【】already通常用在肯定句中，yet通常用在否定句或疑问句中B考点精讲返回温馨提示:可返回原文考点精讲②_______you_______(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?recently/'riːsntli/adv.近来，最近e.g.Peterhasmadeprogressinmathrecently.彼得最近在数学方面取得了进步。Therehavebeenmanychangesinrecentyears.近几年发生了许多变化。考点2现在完成时的标志词adj.最近的考题2：Ihavebeenasbusyasabee___________(recent)becausethemid-termexamiscoming.recently考点精讲小贴士：recently也可与一般过去时连用。e.g.Wereceivedaletterfromhimrecently.我们不久以前收到了他的一封信。返回现在完成时单元语法现在完成时定义现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，或者表示从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。①构成肯定形式：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词②否定形式：在have/has后直接加not③疑问形式：将have或has提前④肯定回答是“Yes，主语+have/has.”否定回答是“No，主语+haven’t/hasn’t.”此符号链接下面详细讲解、例句和考题单元语法现在完成时变化规则⑤用法表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。⑥表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for，since连用。表示持续的动作或状态，多用延续性动词。⑦标志词常与现在完成时连用的词或结构有already，never，ever，just，yet，recently，sofar，overtheyears，for+时间段，since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子等。⑧1.e.g.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已经看过这部电影了。（我已经知道这部电影的内容了）Wehavelivedheresincelastyear.自从去年以来我们就住在这儿。（表示从去年一直延续到现在的动作）2.e.g.HehaslivedinNanjingsince2010.自从2010年以来他就住在南京。单元语法返回3.e.g.Ihaven’treadthebookyet.我还没读过这本书。4.e.g.—Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet?你已经做完这项工作了吗？—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.是的，我已经做完了。/不，我还没有做完。单元语法返回单元语法考题1：[天水]—HaveTomandJerryseenthismoviebefore?（补全否定回答）—No,________________.【】问句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其肯定回答为“Yes,I/we/you/theyhave.”其否定回答为“No,I/we/you/theyhavenot/haven’t.”Tom与Jerry是两个人，因此作否定回答时主语应用they。theyhaven’t单元语法考题2：[云南]—______you______aboutNaxiAncientMusicyet?—Yes,Ihave.ItisapartofNaxiculture.A.Has;heardB.Have;heardC.Did;hearD.Do;hear【】考查动词时态。句意：——你听说过纳西族古代音乐吗？——是的，我听说过。它是纳西族文化的一部分。根据“Yes,Ihave.”和“yet”可知问句也是现在完成时，且主语是you，助动词用have。B返回5.（1）规则动词的过去分词变化规则：单元语法变化规则示例a.一般直接在词尾加-edwork—workedopen—openedb.以不发音的字母e结尾的词直接加-dlive—livedskate—skatedc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-edstudy—studiedhurry—hurried单元语法变化规则示例d.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加-edplay—playedstay—stayede.以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstop—stoppedplan—plannedprefer—preferred（2）不规则动词的过去分词需牢记课本上的不规则动词表。返回6.e.g.Hehaslosthisbook.他已经丢了他的书。（过去丢的,现在还没找到）Hehaseatennothingtoday.他今天什么也没吃。（现在一定饿了）Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经寄了照片。（照片不在我这里了）单元语法单元语法考题3：[无锡]What_______you_______(do)tomycomputer?It’sdead!【】句意：你对我的电脑做了什么？它死机了！分析句子可知，电脑现在死机了，过去对电脑做的事情，对现在产生了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是has/havedone，主语是第二人称you，助动词用have。havedone返回7.e.g.HehastaughtEnglishfor20years.他已经教了20年英语了。Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我们十年前就互相认识了。单元语法单元语法考题4：[北京]Jim_____alotaboutChineseculturesincehebegantostudyinourschool.A.learnsB.learnedC.willlearnD.haslearned【】考查现在完成时。句意：自从吉姆开始在我们学校学习以来，他懂得了许多关于中国文化方面的知识。由since可知用现在完成时。D特别提醒注意：对Hehaslivedheresincetenyearsago./Hehaslivedherefortenyears.这两个句子中的画线部分提问应用howlong。即“Howlonghashelivedhere?他在这里生活多久了？”。单元语法单元语法考题5：[连云港]—______haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?—Forthreeyears.A.HowlongB