The Alimentary SystemⅡ消化系统（英文）课件

TheAlimentarySystemⅡ

09Alimentarysystem2CompositionDigestivetube

消化管

MouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmallintestineLargeintestine

Duodenum

Jejunum

IleumDigestiveglands

消化腺MajorsalivaryglandsLiverPancreas09Alimentarysystem2Thestomachisamascularcapsule,anditisthemostdilatedportionofthealimentarycanal,andissituatedbetweentheendoftheesophagusandthebeginningofthesmallintestine.TheStomach

胃

09Alimentarysystem2TheStomach

胃

ShapeTwosurfaces:anteriorandposteriorTwocurvatures两个弯曲Lessercurvature胃小弯

:angularincisure

角切迹Greatercurvature

胃大弯TwoopeningsCardia贲门Pylorus

幽门09Alimentarysystem2

Bodyofstomach

胃体Pyloricantrum

幽门窦Pyloriccanal幽门管Pyloricpart

幽门部Fundusofstomach

胃底

Cardiacpart

贲门部PartsofstomachCardiacpart贲门部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃体Pyloricpart幽门部Pyloricantrum

幽门窦

Pyloriccanal

幽门管09Alimentarysystem2Position

－Mainpartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion,smallintheepigastricregion;thecardiaissituatedtotheleftofT11,thepylorusliestotherightofL109Alimentarysystem2TheSmallIntestine小肠Itextendsfromthepylorustotheileocecalvalve,anditisAbout5-7mlong.Bedividedinto

Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ilium回肠DuodenumJejunumIlium09Alimentarysystem2

Duodenum十二指肠Itistheshortest,widestandmostfixedpartofthesmallintestine,andisabout20-25mlong.PositionandshapeItliesontheposteriorwallofthebelly(L1-L3),andlikesaC-shapewhichenclosetheheadofthepancreas09Alimentarysystem2Fourparts

Superiorpart

Duodenalbulb十二指肠球DescendingpartLongitudinalfoldofduodenumMajorduodenalpapilla

十二指肠大乳头HorizontalpartAscendingpart

duodenojejunalflexure

十二指肠空肠曲Suspensorymuscleofduodenum十二指肠悬肌

(ligamentofTreitz)09Alimentarysystem2Jejunumandileum

空肠和回肠Theupper2/5ofthispartofsmallintestinearecalledjejunumandthelower3/5,ileum.09Alimentarysystem2ThefeaturesofthejejunumandileumMeckel憩室09Alimentarysystem2

LargeIntestine大肠Itisabout1.5mlong,anditextendsfromileumtoanus.Fiveparts:Cecum

盲肠Vermiformappendix

阑尾Colon

结肠Rectum

直肠Analcanal

肛管09Alimentarysystem2ThreeFeaturesonapparenceColicbands

结肠带Haustraofcolon

结肠袋Epiploicappendices

肠脂垂09Alimentarysystem2Caecum盲肠ItisaBlindpouchandthefirstpartoflargeintestine.LiesinrightiliacfossaTheileumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestineAopeningofappendix09Alimentarysystem2Vermiformappendix阑尾Blindworm-liketubeItspringsfromtheposteromedialwallofthececum.Itisabout5-7cmlong.

Thebaseoftheappendixliesatthepointofconvergenceofthreecolicbands(usedasaguidetofindtheappendixduringoperation)09Alimentarysystem2Position:ItliesusuallyintherightiliacfossaSurfaceprojectionofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicusvariableinposition09Alimentarysystem2Colon

结肠

threecharacteristicsonsurfaceForpartsAscendingcolonrightcolicflexure

Transversecolonleftcolicflexure

DescendingcolonSigmoidcolon(Sa3)09Alimentarysystem2Rectum直肠CurvaturesSagittalplaneSacralflexurePerinealflexureCoronalplaneLowerpartofrectumdilatedtoformampullaofrectum直肠壶腹Threetransversefoldsofrectum

直肠横襞(7cm)09Alimentarysystem2Analcanal肛管(3-4cm)Analcolumns肛柱Analvalves肛瓣Analsinuses肛窦Dentateline齿状线Analpecten

肛梳Whiteline

白线(Hilton’sline)Anus肛门

Analsphincters肛门括约肌Sphincteraniinternus肛门内括约肌Sphincteraniexternus肛门外括约肌09Alimentarysystem2TheLiver肝Theliveristhelargestglandinthebodyandisessentialto

life.ShapeTwosurfacesDiaphragmaticsurface膈面falciformligamentAndcoronarylig.镰状韧带和冠状韧带09Alimentarysystem2Visceralsurface脏面－hasaH-shapedgrooveLeftlimbofHAnteriorly:fissureforligamentumtereshepatis肝圆韧带裂Posteriorly:fissureforligamentumvenosum

静脉韧带裂RightlimbofHAnteriorly:fossaforgallbladder胆囊窝Posteriorly:sulcusforvenacava下腔静脉沟09Alimentarysystem2ThereisaH-shapedgrooveCross-barofHistheportahepatic肝门:traversedbyrightandlefthepaticducts,leftandrightbranchesofproperhepaticarteryandhepaticportalvein,nervesandlymphaticvessels.hepaticpedicle

肝蒂Fourlobes:left,right,quadrateandcaudatelobes09Alimentarysystem2Position:Mostofliverliesintherighthypochondriacregionandepigastricregion,lesspartextendingintothelefthypochondriacregion09Alimentarysystem2ExtrahepaticBiliaryApparatusItconsistsof:

Gallbladder

胆囊

Leftandright

hepaticducts

肝左、右管Commonhepaticduct肝总管Commonbileduct

胆总管09Alimentarysystem2Gallbladder

胆囊Position:Fourparts:Fundusofgallbladder

胆囊底

Surfaceprojection:atthejunctionofrightmidclavicularlineandrightcostalarch

Bodyofgallbladder胆囊体Neckofgallbladder胆囊颈Cysticduct

胆囊管09Alimentarysystem2Boundaries:thecommonhepaticductontheleft,thecysticductontheright,theliver,superiorlyContent:cysticarteryTriangleofCalot09Alimentarysystem2BiliaryductsystemandDrainageofthebileRightandlefthepaticductsuniteoutsideoflivertoformthecommonhepaticductCysticductjoinscommonhepaticducttoformcommonbileductCommonbile