翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟13

翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟13Section1:VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfo（江南博哥）reachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasewhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandtheground,peoplewould______beabletowalk.A.innotimeB.byallmeansC.innowayD.onanyaccount正确答案：C[解析]innoway决不，一点也不。A．innotime立刻，马上；B．byallmeans当然，一定；D．onanyaccount无论如何。

2.

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping______togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly正确答案：A[解析]occasionally偶尔，间或。B．simultaneously同时；C．eventually最终，终于；D．promptly立即，迅速地。

3.

OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat______toeducatetheirchildren.A.effortsB.painsC.attemptsD.endeavours正确答案：B[解析]pains努力，辛苦，可与take搭配，havetakengreatpains意思是“煞费苦心”。A．efforts努力；C．attempts试图，尝试；D．endeavours努力，与efforts同义。A、C、D项都不与动词take搭配。

4.

Thepricesquotedabovedonotincludeanytaxesandlevies______uponthePersonnelbytheGovernmentoftheproject-hostcountry.A.imposedB.importedC.improvedD.impressed正确答案：A[解析]impose征税。B．import进口；C．improve提高；D．impress盖印。

5.

Themonopoly-capitalistgroup______manysmallerenterpriseslastyear.A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected正确答案：B[解析]merge兼并。A．integrate联合；C．combine联合；D．collect收款。

6.

Thelocalauthority______thecompanyaninterest-freeloantostartupthenewfactory.A.grantedB.allocatedC.financedD.sponsored正确答案：A[解析]grant捐赠。B．allocate赞助；C．finance资助；D．sponsor举办。

7.

Myfatherhasbeenonthe______inthisfactoryfornearly20years.A.paypacketB.payoffC.payrollD.payment正确答案：C[解析]payroll工资表。A．paypacket工资袋；B．payoff还清债；D．payment支付。

8.

Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay正确答案：B[解析]overdraw透支。A．overextend货款过多；C．overvalue估价过高；D．overpay多付款。

9.

Ifyouwanttobuythishouse,thepaymentmaybemadeinfive______.A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts正确答案：A[解析]installment分期付款。B．piece部分；C．share份额；D．part部分。

10.

Thepurposeofa______istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryandworkersfromforeigncompetition.A.taxB.tollC.feeD.tariff正确答案：D[解析]tariff关税。A．tax税；B．toll服务费；C．fee费用。

11.

Iftheprofitsinoneyeararenotsufficienttopaythedividend,the______willbepaidfromtheprofitsoflateryear.A.arrearB.debtC.differenceD.margin正确答案：A[解析]arrear欠款。B．debt债；C．difference差额；D．margin价差。

12.

Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen______thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning正确答案：A[解析]pursue追求，寻求，与goal搭配。B．chase追逐，追赶；C．reach达到；D．win赢得。

13.

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom正确答案：B[解析]atintervals不时，时时。A．atlarge逍遥法外，未被捕获；C．atease自在，合适；D．atrandom任意，随机。

14.

Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers'checks,whichprovideasecure______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative正确答案：D[解析]alternative选择，替换物。A．substitute代用品；B．selection选择，挑选；C．preference偏爱，优先选择。

15.

InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular正确答案：B[解析]suspicious疑心的，可疑的。A．gracious宽厚的，优美的；C．unique独特的；D．particular特殊的，个别的。

16.

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction正确答案：A[解析]absorption吸收。B．transition传递，过渡；C．consumption消耗，消费；D．interaction相互作用。

17.

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideastoproveyourpoint.A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting正确答案：C[解析]distort歪曲，扭曲。A．revise修改；B．contradict反驳，互相矛盾；D．distract打扰，使走神。

18.

Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto______theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.A.workoutB.makeoutC.putoutD.setout正确答案：A[解析]workout制订。B．makeout辨认出，懂得；C．putout生产，出版，熄灭；D．setout阐述。

19.

Don'trest

on

yourlaurels,______yoursuccess

and

startlookingfornewmarketsnow.A.addupB.followupC.workupD.countup正确答案：B[解析]followup用继续行动来加强……的效果。A．addup加起来，合计；C．workup综合加工，整理；D．countup共计。

20.

Somedisputesamongthesecountriesare______byhistory.A.leftoverB.turnedoverC.handedoverD.takenover正确答案：A[解析]leaveover遗留。B．turnover移交，交给；C．handover移交，交出；D．takeover接管。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordorphraseisunderlined.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedwordwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.A.reasonableB.radicalC.immediateD.minimum正确答案：A[解析]A项的意思是“合理的，适中的”与moderate“适中的，适度的”意思相吻合。B项“激烈地，猛烈地”；C项“立刻，马上”；D项“最少量”。[译文]他们认为，提出一些适当的调整措施，就可以保持消费者的低成本。

2.

Nuclearpower,withallitsinherentproblems,isstilltheonlyoptiontoguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.A.solutionB.policyC.choiceD.reason正确答案：C[解析]C项的意思是“选择”与“option选择”的意思相吻合。A项“解决”；B项“政策、规定”；D项“理由，原因”。[译文]核能虽然有其固有的缺点，但要保障未来的能源供应，它是唯一的选择。

3.

Thepromisedwageincreaseisbeingheldbackwhileitisexaminedbythegovernmenttoseeifitisgreaterthanthelawallows.A.dismissedB.delayedC.neglectedD.rejected正确答案：B[解析]B项的意思是“拖延，推迟”，该句表达的是政府有关加薪的承诺正在受到阻碍，也就是推迟了，与B项的意思相符合。A项“解雇”；C项“忽略，不管”；D项“拒绝”。[译文]一方面，加薪的承诺被推迟了，另一方面，政府正对这次工资的增长是否符合法律规定进行审查。

4.

Safetyofficialshaveearnestlyquestionedwhethertheincreaseduseofsyntheticmaterialsheightenstheriskoffire.A.cautiouslyB.severelyC.accuratelyD.seriously正确答案：D[解析]D项的意思是“认真地”与“earnestly”的意思相吻合。A项“小心地”；B项“严重地”；C项“精确地”。[译文]安全部门的官员已经认真地询问了增加使用合成材料是否会增大火灾风险的问题。

5.

Thebookshiftedheroutlookfromsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.A.viewpointB.vocationC.prospectD.preference正确答案：A[解析]A项的意思是“观点”与“outlook看法”的意思相吻合。B项“职业”；C项“前途，景色”；D项“喜欢，喜爱”。[译文]这本书把她的社会观点转变成了一种精神观点，因为它的主题是你在改变他人之前你必须先改变你自己。

6.

RacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.A.falldownB.fallillC.falloutD.fallbehind正确答案：A[解析]A项的意思是“掉下，倒下”，与“collapse塌陷”的意思相近。B项“病倒”；C项“吵闹，争吵”；D项“落后”。[译文]每天与时间赛跑是一项令人疲惫不堪的工作，当我确实有时间休息时，我几乎都要垮了。

7.

Thesenatoragreedthathissupportofthemeasurewouldjeopardizehischancesforreelection.A.benefitB.endangerC.hinderD.disturb正确答案：B[解析]B项的意思是“处于危险境地，使处于危险”，而“jeopardize”表示“害处，危害，危险”故选B。A项“有利，益于”；C项“阻碍，阻饶”；D项“打搅”。[译文]参议员承认，对该措施的支持将会降低他再次获选的几率。

8.

Themicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.A.unavoidableB.unchangeableC.unbelievableD.unpredictable正确答案：C[解析]C项的意思是“不能相信的”，而“incredible”表示“不能预料的，难以置信的”，二者意思相近。A项“不可避免的”；B项“不能改变的”；D项“不能预见的”。[译文]显微镜使科学家能区分出的细菌数量和种类之多，令人难以置信。

9.

HenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.A.revealedB.disposedC.remindedD.distributed正确答案：A[解析]A项的意思是“泄露秘密”与“giveaway”意思一致。B项“处理”；C项“重新记起”；D项“分发，分配”。[译文]他注意到琼正近距离地研究着他，但是从她的表情上看不出她在想什么。

10.

AtlastJohnSmithchosetostepdownasthecompany'schiefexecutiveandreturntohisrootsinsoftwareresearch.A.resignB.removeC.retireD.replace正确答案：A[解析]A项的意思是“辞职”与“stepdown”在本句表示的“离职”意思相近。B项“移动，搬走”；C项“退休”；D项“代替”。[译文]最终，约翰史密斯选择了辞去公司首席执行官的职务，回到他原先从事的软件研究领域中。

11.

Readersarerequiredtoabidebytherulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.observeB.memorizeC.reviewD.compose正确答案：A[解析]句中词组“abideby”表示“坚持，遵守”。A项“observe”表示“遵守，观察”；B项“memorize”表示“记住，记忆”；C项“review”表示“回顾，复习”；D项“compose”表示“组成，写作”。所以应该选A。[译文]图书馆要求读者们遵守规章制度和注意个人礼貌。

12.

Thecoachexplainedtheregulationsatlengthtomakesurethatnoneofhisplayersworldbecomeviolators.A.atlastB.atlargeC.indetailD.inshort正确答案：C[解析]句中词“atlength”表示“详细地”。A项“atlast”表示“最终”；B项“atlarge”表示“普遍”；C项“indetail”表示“详细地”；D项“inshort”表示“简而言之”。所以应该选C。[译文]教练详细的解释这个规则是为了确保不让任何一个来自世界各地的参赛者成为违规者。

13.

Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.A.pressingB.importantC.neglectedD.complicated正确答案：A[解析]句中词“urgent”表示“急迫的，紧急的”。A项“pressing”表示“紧迫的”；B项“important”表示“重大的，重要的”；C项“neglected”表示“被忽视的”；D项“complicated”表示“复杂的，难解的”。所以应该选A。[译文]现在，医疗保健和健康保险的花费仍然是国家所面临的最紧迫的健康问题。

14.

Shebelievesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawomanwhospendsallhertimewithherchildren.A.popularimageB.commonstandardC.fixedconceptionD.pleasantnotion正确答案：C[解析]句中词“stereotype”表示“老套，陈词滥调”。A项“popularimage”表示“流行的典型”；B项“commonstandard”表示“普通的标准”；C项“fixedconception”表示“固定的观念”；D项“pleasantnotion”表示“令人愉快的观念”。根据词意，所以应该选C。[译文]她认为自己不是一个好母亲，因为她不适合做那些老套的事情，即花费所有的时间陪伴自己的孩子。

15.

ThusthemostlogicalapproachistofocusouranalysisonthetraderelationsofSpainwithotherEuropeancountries.A.reasoningB.conclusionC.positionD.method正确答案：D[解析]句中词“approach”表示“方法，途径”。A项“reasoning”表示“推理，论证”；B项“conclusion”表示“结束，结论”；C项“position”表示“位置，立场”；D项“method”表示“方法”。所以应该选D。[译文]因此，最为合乎逻辑的方法就是把我们分析的焦点集中在西班牙与欧洲其他国家的贸易关系上。

16.

Wenolongerkeepuptheclosefriendshipofafewyearsagothoughwestillvisiteachotheronoccasion.A.ingoodtimeB.uptodateC.nowandthenD.onceandforall正确答案：C[解析]句中词“onoccasion”表示“有时”。A项“ingoodtime”表示“及时地，迅速地”；B项“uptodate”表示“最近地，最新地”；C项“nowandthen”表示“偶尔”；D项“onceandforall”表示“断然地，坚决地”。所以应该选C。[译文]虽然有时我们仍然相互拜访，但是我们已经不再维持多年前那种亲密的友谊了。

17.

Theuniversityofferedseveralmorecoursesforthepurposeoffurtheringthecareeraspirationsofitsstudents.A.ambitionsB.achievementsC.advantagesD.advances正确答案：A[解析]句中词“aspirations”表示“愿望，渴望”。A项“ambitions”表示“野心，雄心”；B项“achievement”表示“成就，功绩”；C项“advantages”表示“优势，利益”；D项“advances”表示“接近，友好的表示”。根据相近词的意思，应该选A。[译文]那所大学为学生们将来所渴望从事的职业提供了更多的相关课程。

18.

Manywomenprefertousecosmeticstoenhancetheirbeautyandmakethemlookyounger.A.enforceB.magnifyC.improveD.polish正确答案：C[解析]句中词“enhance”表示“提高，增强”。A项“enforce”表示“强迫，加强”；B项“magnify”表示“放大，扩大”；C项“improve”表示“改善，改进”；D项“polish”表示“擦光，磨光”。根据词的意思，所以应该选C。[译文]许多女人更喜欢使用化妆品来增添她们的美丽和使她们看起来更年轻。

19.

Theleadersofthetwocountriesareplanningtheirsummitmeetingwithapledgetomaintainanddevelopgoodties.A.strategyB.standpointC.promiseD.priority正确答案：C[解析]句中词“pledge”表示“保证，誓言”。A项“strategy”表示“策略，战略”；B项“standpoint”表示“立场，观点”；C项“promise”表示“允诺，答应”；D项“priority”表示“先，前，优先权”。根据词的意思，所以应该选C。[译文]两国领导人是为了维持和发展两国良好关系正计划召开两国首脑会议。

20.

Manyyoungstershaveheardtheirparentssay"You'llneveramounttoanythingifyoukeepdaydreamingthatway!"A.beequaltoB.accomplishC.adduptoD.pursue正确答案：B[解析]句中词“amountto”表示“实现，完成”。A项“beequalto”表示“胜任，相等，合适”；B项“accomplish”表示“完成，达到，实现”；C项“addupto”表示“合计达”；D项“pursue”表示“追赶，继续”。根据词的意思，所以应该选B。[译文]一些年轻人已经听他们的父母说过“如果你老是像做白日梦那样，那么将一事无成”。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesanerror.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,C,Drespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Jerrysawhisdoglimpingonabloodylegandjumpeduptheconclusionthatithadbeenshot.A.jumpedoverB.jumpedtoC.jumpedforD.jumpedthrough正确答案：B[解析]jumptotheconclusion贸然断定，过早下结论，轻率地下结论。因此选项B为答案。

2.

Joewillhavehisfather'sgoldwatchbecauseitishandedthroughinthefamily.A.handedupB.handedbelowC.handeddownD.handeddownwards正确答案：C[解析]handup交给上级，呈交；handdown传下来，宣布。因此选项C为答案。

3.

Ourplandidn'tgetupthegroundbecausenoonecouldcome.A.getoverB.getonC.getoffD.getthrough正确答案：C[解析]getover爬过，克服，熬过，恢复；geton生活，融洽相处，进展；getoff开始，(使)取得进展，出发；getthrough到达，做完，打通。因此选项C为答案。

4.

Theteacherswanttotakeawaywiththecheatinginexaminationsintheirschool.A.doawaywithB.putawaywithC.getawaywithD.turnawaywith正确答案：A[解析]doawaywith废除，去掉；putaway放好，储存……备用，处理掉；getawaywith侥幸成功，逃脱处罚；turnaway不准……入内，走开，解雇。因此选项A为答案。

5.

Thenewspaperstoriesdeliberatelyputdowntheactress'sunattractivepast.A.acteddownB.playeddownC.wrotedownD.putdown正确答案：B[解析]playdown降低，贬低，减少；writedown写下，把……描写成；putdown放下，拒绝，镇压，记下，取缔。因此选项B为答案。

6.

Theveryrealandfarreachingimplicationsinherentinthecurrentchangesbeingexperiencedbygovernmentspaceports,withtermsoftheireffectuponthewholeinternationalspacecommunity,arealsohighlighted.A.fortermsofB.astermsofC.intermsofD.fromtermsof正确答案：C[解析]intermsof根据，按照，以……的观点，在……方面。本句意为：国家太空船发射降落场目前所具有的现实与深远的意义，就它们在整个国际太空领域里的作用是突出的。因此C为答案。

7.

Itmustcomplystrictlyinsafetystandardstobeacceptedbythepublic,andatthesametimeitmustdemonstratethatnohealthorenvironmentaldamageoccurs.A.thanB.toC.fromD.with正确答案：D[解析]complywith遵守，服从。本句意为：为了被广大群众所接受，必须严格遵守安全标准；同时必须证明不会危及健康和环境。因此D为答案。

8.

Theseincludedesignforreliability,designforserviceability,designformodularityanddesignforquality,whichmustbeappliedintheentiresystem.A.forB.toC.withD.as正确答案：B[解析]applyto将……应用于，产生作用，有直接关系；applyfor请求，申请。而本句意为：这一切包括可靠性设计、适用性设计、模块性设计以及质量设计且必须将之应用于整个系统。因此B为答案。

9.

Itwillbeemphasizedthatcommercialspaceoperationsareinherentlycomplex,longterm,capital-hungry,andsetbyavarietyofrisks.A.besetbyB.insetbyC.presetbyD.resetby正确答案：A[解析]beset(后面常与by连用)困扰；inset插页，插入，嵌入(一般不与by连用)；preset预先安置，预先调试，事先调整；reset重新安排。后面三个词大多作及物动词，而本句意为：需要强调的是民用太空计划复杂，耗时长，资金缺且风险重重。因此A为答案。

10.

WewillshowhowtheInternationalOlympicshavecommercializedinternationally,andarefinancedfromcorporateandprivatesponsorshipsandhowthisfundingscenariocanbeusedtofundnewprojects.A.withinB.intoC.throughD.than正确答案：C[解析]finance筹措资金。例：financethroughborrowing借债筹资。因此C为答案。

11.

Whenthisagreementissigned,acircularwillbepreparedforgiventoourcustomers.A.givenoutB.givenoffC.dispatchesD.distribution正确答案：D[解析]本题考查词义辨析和固定搭配。句意为：签署协议后，我们会准备一份通知以分配给客户。由介词for可知，此处应填名词，故排除A、B、C三项。本句中的distribution与to搭配。所以，答案为D。

12.

Itisnowclearthatnosuchcreaturesasvampireshavebeenseenandnonebeenfoundintheworld.A.wasfoundB.arefoundC.havebeenfoundD.havebeenfoundout正确答案：A[解析]本题考查时态。句意为：很清楚的是，没有人见过吸血鬼这种生物，世界上也没有人发现过。发现这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。所以，答案是A。

13.

MycompanyisExcellentKitchenwareCompany,therenearbyisabigmarketforkitchenwareinourcity.A.therenearB.andtherenearC.therenearlyD.andnearbythere正确答案：D[解析]本题考查固定结构。句意为：我们是一家极佳的厨具公司，附近有一个我们城市最大的厨具市场。本句中包括therebe结构。且前后为并列句，故需用连词连接。Nearby意为“在附近”，符合句意。所以，答案为D。

14.

Thegovernmenthashardlytakenmeasurestocrackdownonthesecrimeswhennewonesoccurred.A.HardlyhadthegovernmenttakenB.ThegovernmenttookhardlyC.HardlythegovernmenthadtakenD.Thegovernmentishardlytaking正确答案：A[解析]本题考查倒装句的用法。Hardly为否定副词，当其位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装。所以，答案为A。

15.

Thegeneralmanagerdemandedthatthejobwillbecompletedbeforethesummerholidays.A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.beD.hadtobe正确答案：C[解析]本题考查虚拟语气的用法。动词demand后接名词性从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语应用“should+动词原形”，且should可以省略。所以，答案为C。

16.

Ourcompanywillprovideyouwithfreetransportationasyourequestedandchargetheinstallation.A.installationwithachargeB.intheinstallationC.freelyinstallationD.installationincharge正确答案：A[解析]本题考查并列结构。句意为：应你要求，我们公司会提供免费送货和付费安装服务。此处所填部分应和freetransportation并列，均为provide的宾语。所以前后结构应一致。所以，答案为A。

17.

Doctorswarnedsun-starvedtouristswhoreceivedtoomuchsunlightthattheywereatseriousriskthanothersofcontractingskincancer.A.withmoreseriousB.atseriouslyC.atmoreseriousD.seriouslywith正确答案：C[解析]本题考查比较级和固定用法。由连词than可知，前面的形容词应用比较级。atrisk为固定用法，意思是“处于……危险中”。所以，答案为C。

18.

Wehavesentanordersliptoallthatwehavereasontobelieveareinterestedinourbooks.A.whoarebelievedbyusB.withwhowehavereasontobelieveC.whowehavereasontobelieveD.withwhomwebelieve正确答案：C[解析]本题考查结构应用。句意为：我们已经向那些我们有理由相信会对我们的书感兴趣的人发了订单。所以，答案是C。

19.

AsanEnglishmajorstudentatoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesinChina,IstronglybelievethatbusinessEnglishismorepracticalthanotherfields.A.astudentinEnglishB.amajorEnglishstudentC.anEnglishmajorD.anEnglishstudentmajor正确答案：C[解析]本题考查固定用法。句意为：作为在中国最有名的大学之一中就读的一个英语专业的学生，我强烈认为商务英语比其他课程更实用。“专业+major”表示“某专业的学生”的意思，为固定用法。所以，答案为C。

20.

Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject,inspitethattheexpenseshaverisen.A.justbecauseB.eventhoughC.asthoughD.nowthat正确答案：B[解析]本题考查连词用法。句意为：工程师正在进行高速公路计划，即使费用已经增加了。justbecause“正因为”，eventhough“即使”，asthough“仿佛，好像”，nowthat“既然”。根据句意可知，即使比较符合题意。所以，答案为B。

Section2:ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestocompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Thenblankenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.

Butcitizensdidn'tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantieofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.

In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.

In1991,anewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsgatheredinWashington,D.C.,tobringnationalattentiontopollutionproblemsthreateninglow-incomeandminoritycommunities.Leadersintroducedtheconceptofenvironmentaljustice,protestingthatBlack,poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities.ThefirstNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummiteffectivelybroadenedwhat"theenvironment"wasunderstoodtomean.Itexpandedthedefinitiontoincludewherewelive,work,play,worshipandgotoschool,aswellasthephysicalandnaturalworld.Intheprocess,theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.

Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington,D.C.,thispastOctober.Thesecondsummitwasplannedfor500delegates;butmorethan1,400peopleattendedthefour-daygathering.

"WearepleasedthattheSummitⅡwasabletoattractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists,academicians,students,researchers,planners,policyanalystsandgovernmentofficials.Weprovedtotheworldthatourmovementisaliveandwell,andgrowing,"saysBeverlyWright,chairofthesummit.ThemeetingproducedtwodozenpolicypapersthatshowpowerfulenvironmentalandhealthdisparitiesbetweenpeopleofcolorandWhites.1.

InParagraph1,theword"residents"refersto______inparticular.A.ethnicgroupsintheU.S.B.theAmericangeneralpublicC.AfricanAmericansD.theU.S.working-class正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第一段的内容“AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.”可知，第一句话中出现了anAfricanAmericancommunity，所以第二句中的residents应该指AfricanAmericans，所以C项符合题意。A项“美国的种族”，B项“美国的普通大众”，D项“美国的工人阶级”，这三项在文中第一段没有出现相关内容。

2.

Theword"squarely"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fairlyB.preciselyC.honestlyD.well正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella”可知，但环境公正却公平地处于民权的保护伞下。选项中的A项为“公平地，公正地”符合文意。B项“准确地”，C项“诚实地”，D项“非常好地”，这三项均不符合题意。

3.

Morethanthreedecadesago,environmentaljusticewas______.A.controversialamonglocalactivitiesB.firstproposedbyMartinLutherKingJr.C.fascinatingtothecivilrightsgroupsD.barelyrealizedbymanyenvironmentalists正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.”可知，30多年前，环境公正却正当地躲在公民权的保护伞之下。所以C项符合题意。A项“在当地活动中是引起争议的”，B项“是马丁·路德金首先提出来的”，D项“几乎不被环境保护者意识到”，这三项和文中内容不符合。

4.

Theword"intervention"underlinedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.interpositionB.participationC.involvementD.management正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention”可知，积极分子对抗公司，要求政府干预。选项中的A项为“干预”符合文意。B项“参加”，C项“参与”，D项“管理”，这三项均不符合题意。

5.

In1968,MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphistohelpthegarbageworkers______.A.getrelievedofsomeoftheirbasicdutiesB.knowwhatenvironmentaljusticewasC.fightforbetterworkingconditionsD.recognizetheirdangeroussurroundings正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第二段的内容“Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.”可知，马丁路德金博士前往孟斐斯是为了给工人争取更高的工资和好的工作环境，所以C项“力争好的工作条件”符合题意。A项“减轻一些他们的基本工作”，B项“帮助工人了解环境公平是什么”，D项“帮助他们认识到他们危险的处境”，这三项和文意不符合。

6.

Theword"protesting"underlinedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto______.A.combatB.confirmC.considerD.affirm正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“protestingthatBlack，poorandworking-classcommunitiesoftenreceivedlessenvironmentalprotectionthanWhiteormoreaffluentcommunities”可知，抗议黑人，穷人和工薪阶层受到的环境保护比白人或富人少很多。选项中的A项为“抗议，反对”符合文意。B项“确认”，C项“认为”，D项“断言”，这三项均不符合题意。

7.

Paragraph3impliesthat,in1979,______.A.theenvironmentaljusticeissueswerefirstbroughttocourtinHoustonB.environmentalactivistscooperatedindefyingtheU.S.governmentC.thegovernmentinterventionhelpedpromoteenvironmentaljusticeD.environmentalproblemsattractedtheattentionofthegovernment正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第三段的内容“In1979，alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.”可知，环境公平问题需要政府的干预，所以D项“环境问题引起了政府的关注”符合文意。A项“环境公平问题在休斯顿第一次被诉诸法律”，文中说这是一个里程碑，但是没有说是第一次；B项“环境活动家一起合作对抗美国政府”，文中说的是与公司对抗，不是对抗政府；C项“政府的干预帮助促进了环境公平”，政府干预起到的效果文中没有提到，所以这三项都不符合题意。

8.

Theword"grassrot"underlinedinParagraph6refersto______.A.basiclevelB.middleclassC.peasantD.worker正确答案：A[解析]根据文中第六段的内容“attractarecordnumberofgrassrootsactivists，academicians,students，”可知，吸引大量的草根积极分子，博士，学生等。选项中的A项为“底层人员”符合文意。B项“中产阶级”，C项“农民”，D项“工人”，这三项均不符合题意。

9.

Thenewbreedofenvironmentalactivistsdifferedfromthepreviousactivistsinthat______.A.theynoticedenvironmentaldisparitiesbetweentherichandthepoorB.theycriedforgovernmentinterventioninsavingtheenvironmentC.theyknewwhat"theenvironment"reallymeanttotheWhitepeopleD.theypracticedenvironmentalismoutsideaswellaswithintheU.S.正确答案：D[解析]根据文中第四段的内容“Intheprocess，theenvironmentaljusticemovementchangedthewayenvironmentalismispracticedintheUnitedStatesand,ultimately,worldwide.”可知，在这个过程中，环境保护运动在全世界范围展开，而不是局限在美国。所以D项符合题意。A项“他们注重穷人和富人之间环境差别”，B项“他们恳求政府干预，拯救环境”，C项“他们知道环境对白人真正意味着什么”，这三项都不符合题意。

10.

Withrespecttogettingenvironmentaljustice,SummitⅡwasaimedfor______.A.showingtheachievedsuccessB.attractingnationalattentionC.identifyingrelevantissuesD.findingsolutionstotheproblems正确答案：C[解析]根据文中第五段的内容“Becausemanyissuesidentifiedattheinauguralsummitremainunaddressed,thesecondNationalPeopleofColorEnvironmentalLeadershipSummitwasconvenedinWashington，D．C．，thispastOctober.”可知，第一次会议确认的很多问题没有被公布，所以，第二次会议召开了。所以C项符合题意。A项“展示所取得的成就”，B项“吸引国家的注意”，D项“找到解决问题的方法”，这三项在文中没有涉及相关的内容。

Cooperationisthecommonendeavoroftwoormorepeopletoperformataskorreachajointlycherishedgoal.Likecompetitionandconflict,therearedifferentformsofcooperation,basedongrouporganizationandattitudes.

Inthefirstform,knownasprimarycooperation,groupandindividualunite.Thegroupcontainsnearlyallofeachindividual'slife.Therewardsofthegroup'sworkaresharedwitheachmember.Thereisaninterlockingidentityofindividual,group,andtaskperformed.Meansandgoalsbecomeone,forcooperationitselfisvalued.

Whileprimarycooperationismostoftencharacteristicofpreliteratesocieties,secondarycooperationischaracteristicofmanymodernsocieties.Insecondarycooperation,individualsdevoteonlypartoftheirlivestothegroup.Cooperationitselfisnotavalue.Mostmembersofthegroupfeelloyalty,butthewelfareofthegroupisnotthefirstconsideration.Membersperformtaskssothattheycanseparatelyenjoythefruitsoftheircooperationintheformofsalary,prestige,orpower.Businessofficesandprofessionalathleticteamsareexamplesofsecondarycooperation.

Inthethirdtype,calledtertiarycooperationoraccommodation,latentconflictunderliesthesharedwork.Theattitudesofthecooperatingpartiesarepurelyopportunistic;theorganizationislooseandfragile.Accommodationinvolvescommonmeanstoachieveantagonisticgoals;itbreaksdownwhenthecommonmeansceasetoaideachpartyinreachingitsgoals.Thi