寒假作业14 词汇运用（单词拼写）

限时练习：40min完成时间：____月____日天气：寒假作业14词汇运用一、【解题步骤】1.审清题目要求，切勿盲目乱填；2.阅读全句，明确所给词性；3.运用语法综合分析，确定所给词的变化形式；4.注意词汇知识及习惯用法；5.确定答案后，再通读全句，看是否正确、通顺。二、【解题技巧】1.单词拼写(1)认真阅读全句，正确理解句意。(2)分析应填词充当的句子成分，正确判断其______。(3)判断所填词应用的正确形式。若为名词，要考虑其单复数、可数还是不可数及其______形式；若为动词，应注意人称、数、时态、_____及其谓语动词形式；若为修饰语，应注意是形容词还是副词；若为代词，应注意代词的各种形式；若为形容词、副词，应注意其_____变化。2.词性转换(1)根据语法确定词性。(2)根据句意确定词义，单词形式可作适当的变换。(3)形义结合，灵活运用。3.动词填空◆看是否有情态动词。◆看时间状语和句子的主语。◆看上下文或所给的语境。◆看句型或固定搭配。◆注意单词的词性变化。基础过关练一、根据首字母填空。1．Theyaregoingtob_________manytallbuildingsinthiscitynextyear.2．Chinesetraditionalarthasbeenpasseddownforthousandsofyearsandnowiss________totheworld.3．It’sagreath_______tobeinvitedtoattendsuchanimportantmeeting.4．Chinaisgoodatmakinghigh-technologyp_______thatpeoplecanbuyeverywhere.5．Mr.Smith’sdaughterhadababygirl.Thebabyishisg_______.二、根据汉语提示填空6．Hisgrandmotherisa________(体贴人的)woman.7．Lisaknowsmynew_________(地址)andshedropsbymyhomeattimes.8．Ilikethe________(角色)heplayedinthenewactionmovie..9．Ourschoolis

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(真正地)beautiful.Welikeit.10．Theriverisbadly________(污染),sodon’tswimintheriver.11.Everyoneisthefirstresponsiblepersonfortheirownhealth.Healthismoreimportantthan

___________

(财富).12．Sheis_________(逐步地)gettingusedtolivinginthecountryside.13．I________（猜想）thatalltheticketswillbesoldoutbynowandyouneedn’tgothere.14．Yourfaceis_________(苍白的；灰白的)aschalk.What’sthematter?15．Whatdotheymeanby______（取消）hisperformance?三、根据句意填空16．Everyclasswas________abaddream.17．Theydon’tusuallysetrulesforme,andsinceI’magooddaughter,theynever________me.18．ThehistoricalmovieFullRiverRed,________byZhangYimou,hasreceivedmuchpraisefromtheChina’sfilmindustry.19．Ihaveneverbeenlate________classbefore.20．—Arethereanycluesforthebigfire?—Thepoliceconfirmthatthehousecaughtfirebydesignratherthanby________.21．Timeismore________thanmoney.Youcangetmoremoney,butyoucan’tgetmoretime.22．Jack’sbossdecidedto________himoffbecausehe’salwayslateforwork.23．Aftertheearthquake,wewerehappytoseeallthevillagerswere________.24．I________tostayathomeratherthangooutonsuchasnowydayyesterday.25．Beijingisthe________ofChina.Itisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.四、根据句意及音标填空26．His________[ˈnɒlɪdʒ]ofmusicisextensive(广博的).27．Sometimes,itis________/ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/forustoaskadirectquestion.28．Thedressisdecoratedwith________/ˈtaɪni/colorfulflowers.29．Wordslikethatbroughtback________/'peɪnfl/memories.30．Shegetssoboredwithherlifethatsheis________/'θɜːstɪ/fortheoutsideworld.能力提升练一、完形填空。Myfatherwasafarmer.Heworkedveryhardandnevercomplained.Hehasnevergonetoschool.So,hewasacommonman____1____littleeducation.Buthewouldteachmysisterand____2____lessonsthroughstories.OnedaybeforeIwasleavingforcollege,hesatdownandtooka____3____fromhispocket.Andhesaid,“Youneedtoknow____4____thingsbeforeyougooutintotheworld.Rememberthem,____5____youwillbethebestpersonyoucanbe.”“First,lookatthepencil.Weknowthatinordertobecomea(n)___6___pencil,fromtimetotime,ithastogothroughbeingsharpened(使锋利).Ifthispencilcould___7____,wecouldimaginehowpainfulthatwouldbe.Butthat’s___8___itbecomesausefulpencil.Lifeismuchthesame.Noonecanlivethewholelife___9___allthetime.Painfulexperiencesanddifficultiescometousall.Butwebuildourpersonalitiesandwe____10_____throughthesechances.Secondistokeepinmindthatyouwillbeabletomakemanyofyourmistakescorrectjustlikethiseraser.Ifwe____11____fromourmistakes,they’renotmistakes.Wecanusethelessonstodo____12_____nexttime.Third,justlikethispencil,everyplacewhereyouareused,youleaveyourmark.You’re____13_____yourownstory.Don’tbeafraidandneverstopwriting.Andfourth,alwaysrememberthemost____14____partofyouiswhat’sinside.Apencilisuselesswithoutitsinnerpart.”WhenIfeelsadinmylife,I’llthinkaboutmy____15____words.Theygivemecouragetomoveon.1．A．with B．about C．under D．during2．A．her B．him C．me D．us3．A．pen B．pencil C．rubber D．ruler4．A．two B．three C．four D．five5．A．but B．or C．and D．though6．A．careful B．useful C．awful D．colorful7．A．feel B．shape C．insist D．cancel8．A．what B．whom C．how D．which9．A．quickly B．closely C．usually D．happily10．A．guard B．guess C．grow D．greet11．A．learn B．record C．charge D．attack12．A．higher B．better C．farther D．earlier13．A．writing B．thinking C．reporting D．covering14．A．difficult B．comfortable C．hard-working D．important15．A．sister’s B．father’s C．mother’s D．brother’s二、阅读理解。DoKidsNeedHomework?Schoolisabigpartoflife,notjustforkidsbutfortheirfamilies.Therearemanyreportsanddiscussionsaboutwhat’sbestforstudents.Everyonehastheirownopinions.Andtheydon’talwaysagree.Dokidsneedhomework?Itdepends.Somereadersfromafamousmagazine,thinkthattheextra（额外的）workreviewswhattheyhavelearntinclass.Anditalsohelpsteachersfindwherestudentsneedmorehelp.Otherssayhomeworkaddstostudents’stressandtakestimeawayfromexerciseorlearningsomethingnew.Inordertoknowwhatkindofhomeworkkidsshoulddoandhowmuchkidsneed,themagazineinterviewedseveralkids.Karen,9Kidsneedhomework.Whentheylearnsomethingnewinschool,reviewingitathomehelpsthemrememberit.Ourhomeworkgivesourteachersvaluableinformation.Ittellsthemhowmuchstudentsarepayingattentioninclassandwhoneedsextrahelp.Michael,9Inmyopinion,givingstudentshomeworkisabadidea.Afterschoolkidsneedexperiencesthatbuildahealthymindandbody.Homeworkisnotsupposedtostresskidsout.Whenthereistoomuchhomework,studentsdopoorlyinhomework.Infact,doinghomeworkpoorlyisworsethandoingnohomework.Aslongasstudentsareworkinghardinclass,it’sbestnottogivethemextrawork.Robert,8Kidsneedhomework.Butthatdepends.Middleandhighschoolstudentscandomorehomework.Atmyschool,primarystudentsgethomework,butnottoomuch.Myteachermightaskustolearnspellingwordsathome,andeachweekwe’llbegivenatest.Susan,11Kidsdon’tneedhomework.They’relearningforsixhoursadayatschool.Addinganotherhourofworkforkidstodoathomeisjusthavingthemrepeatwhatthey’vebeendoingallday.Besides,homeworktakestimeawayfromactivitiesliketeamsports.Thesearejustasimportantasschoolwork,becausetheykeepkidsactive.16．Whatdidthemagazinedoabouthomework?A．Ithadadiscussion. B．Itdidareport. C．Itmadeaninterview.17．Whosupportstheideaofgivingstudentshomework?A．Karen. B．Michael. C．Susan.18．WhatwillhappenwhenhomeworkistoomuchaccordingtoParagraph4?A．Studentswilldonohomework.B．Studentswilldohomeworkpoorly.C．Studentswillbuildahealthymindandbody.19．WhatisRobert’sopinionabouthomework?A．Primarystudentsdon’tneedtodohomework.B．Highschoolstudentscandomorehomework.C．Homeworkjustrepeatswhatislearnedinclass.20．Whatdoes“These”referto（指代）inthelastparagraph?A．Kids. B．Subjects. C．Activitiesliketeamsports.三、阅读还原7选5。（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Bambooisawonderfulplantformanypeoplearoundtheworld.____21____Peoplemaketables,clothes,medicine,andmusicalinstrumentswithit.Pandasmayeatbambooeveryday,butpeoplecanalsoeatit.____22____Somebamboogrowssoquicklythatpeoplesaytheycanwatchitgrow.Thespeedofgrowthdependsonthetypeofbamboo,theearthandtheseason.Normalbamboogrows3—10cmaday.Itusuallygrowsintropical(热带的)areas.____23____BambooplantsarefoundinAsia,Australia,partsofAfrica,andSouthAmerica.Oneoftheworld’soldestbuildingmaterialsisbamboo.Liketoday,peopleuseitbecauseit’sverystrong.Theyusedittobuildhouses,boats,andbridges.TheChinesemadeabamboobridgeovertheMinRiverinSichuan,Chinaalmost1000yearsago.____24____Also,bambooisstillusedtomakehousestoday,especiallyinChinaandPhilippines.Asapartofhistory,bambooisveryimportant.ThegreatscientistThomasEdisondidnotinventthelightbulb(灯泡),buthemadeitperfect.Hewantedthematerialinsidetoburnforalongperiodoftime.Hetriedover1,000differenttypesofmaterials.____25____Oneday,hetriedtouseapieceofbambooandthelightbulblitupforoverathousandhours.Thisinventionhelpedotherscientiststomakethemodernlightbulbweusetoday.A．Youcanstillvisitittoday.B．Thereareover1,000usesforit.C．However,noneworkedverywell.D．Bambooislightbecauseitisemptyinside.E．Itcanalsobefoundinotherpartsoftheworld.F．Chinesepeoplelikedrawingpicturesofbamboo.G．Thefastestgrowingplantintheworldisbamboo.四、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）LastMarchIlostmycamerawhileIwasonaschooltrip.Ileftitonthebusonthewaybackto____26____(we)school.Icalledthebuscompanythenextday____27____(check)iftheycouldfindit,butitwasn’tthere.Myparentsgotreallyangryandtoldmetheycouldn’tbuymeanewone.I____28____(know)theywereright,soIdecidedIwouldgetonebymyself.Istartedthinkingofwaystomakeandsavemoney.Myparents____29____(usual)giveme£8everyweek,sothefirstthingIdidwastokeepthemoney____30____thesmallboxonthebookcase.IalsoofferedtohelpmyuncleAlan.He’softenawayforwork,buthecan’t____31____(take)hisdogwithhim.Istartedtolookafterhisdogwhenhewasn’tathome.Aftersometime,myuncle’sneighborssawme.TheyaskedmeifIcouldhelpwiththeircats,dogsandrabbits,too.So,Istartedworkingforthree____32____(family)livingacrossthestreet.InlessthanthreemonthsIhadenoughmoneytobuyanewcamera.ItwasthesameastheoneIhadlost,buttomeitwasmuch____33____(nice).Ipaidforitwith____34____moneyImadeanditfeltverydifferent.ThisexperienceteachesmewhatitmeanstoworkhardandI____35____(learn)thatyoumustbecarefulwiththethingsyouhave,becausetheytakealotofhardwork.知识小结本专题内容的训练主要帮助同学们巩固积累中考常考词汇的词形变化，掌握词汇运用的解题方法，提高单词拼写的解题能力。尤其是动词的变化特点：◆看是否有情态动词。◆看时间状语和句子的主语。◆看上下文或所给的语境。◆看句型或固定搭配。◆注意单词的词性变化。

寒假作业14词汇运用一、【解题步骤】1.审清题目要求，切勿盲目乱填；2.阅读全句，明确所给词性；3.运用语法综合分析，确定所给词的变化形式；4.注意词汇知识及习惯用法；5.确定答案后，再通读全句，看是否正确、通顺。二、【解题技巧】1.单词拼写(1)认真阅读全句，正确理解句意。(2)分析应填词充当的句子成分，正确判断其词性。(3)判断所填词应用的正确形式。若为名词，要考虑其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式；若为动词，应注意人称、数、时态、语态及其谓语动词形式；若为修饰语，应注意是形容词还是副词；若为代词，应注意代词的各种形式；若为形容词、副词，应注意其等级变化。2.词性转换(1)根据语法确定词性。(2)根据句意确定词义，单词形式可作适当的变换。(3)形义结合，灵活运用。3.动词填空◆看是否有情态动词。◆看时间状语和句子的主语。◆看上下文或所给的语境。◆看句型或固定搭配。◆注意单词的词性变化。基础过关练一、根据首字母填空1．(b)uild【详解】句意：他们打算明年在这座城市建造许多高楼大厦。根据首字母提示以及“manytallbuildings”可知，此处应填写build，动词“建造”；aregoingto后跟动词原形。故填(b)uild。2．(s)preading【详解】句意：中国传统艺术已经传承了几千年，现在正在向世界传播。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示的是现在正在向世界传播，spread“传播”，动词；根据空前的“nowis”可知，此处时态为现在进行时，所以应用动词的现在分词形式。故填(s)preading。3．(h)onor【详解】句意：很荣幸能被邀请参加这样一个重要的会议。根据“beinvitedtoattendsuchanimportantmeeting”可知被邀请参加这么重要的会议是很荣幸的，a后加名词单数honor，“荣幸”。故填(h)onor。4．(p)roducts【详解】句意：中国擅长制作人们到处都可以买得到的高科技产品。根据“high-technology...thatpeoplecanbuyeverywhere”和首字母可知，此处指高科技产品，product“产品”，表泛指，应用其复数形式。故填(p)roducts。5．(g)randdaughter【详解】句意：史密斯先生的女儿生了一个女婴。这个婴儿是他的外孙女。根据首字母提示及“Mr.Smith’sdaughterhadababygirl.”可知，此处指的是granddaughter“外孙女”，是名词，结合“ababygirl”可知，此处的名词应用单数形式，故填(g)randdaughter。二、根据汉语提示填空6．caring【详解】句意：他的奶奶是一个体贴人的妇女。根据中文提示可知，caring表示“体贴的”，故填caring。7．address【详解】句意：莉萨知道我的新地址，她有时会来我家。地址：address，此处用名词单数。故填address。8．character【详解】句意∶我喜欢他在新动作片中扮演的角色。character"角色”，此处是特指他在新动作片中扮演的角色，应用单数，故填character。9.really【详解】句意:我们的学校真的很漂亮。我们很喜欢它。“真正地"是副词really，修饰形容词beautiful。故填really。10．polluted【详解】句意：这条河污染严重，所以不要在河里游泳。污染：pollute，此处主语Theriver和谓语之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词和is构成被动语态。故填polluted。11．wealth【详解】句意:每个人都是自己健康的第一责任人。健康比财富更重要。根据"Healthismoreimportantthan.."可知，空处填名词。wealth“财富”，故填wealth。12．gradually【详解】句意：她逐步地习惯了住在农村。“逐步地”英文表达是gradually，副词，用于修饰空格后的动词getting。故填gradually。13．guess/suppose【详解】句意：我猜想现在所有的票都卖完了，你不必去那里。根据提示“猜想”可知，此处填动词guess或suppose，主语I是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形。故填guess/suppose。14．pale【详解】句意：你脸色苍白得像粉笔。怎么了？根据提示“苍白的；灰白的”且系动词is后跟形容词pale符合句意。故填pale。15．canceling/cancelling【详解】句意：他们取消他的演出是什么意思？根据汉语提示可知，此处考查动词cancel“取消”；介词by后接动名词。故填canceling/cancelling。三、根据句意填空16．like【详解】句意：每节课都像一场噩梦。根据“abaddream”可知空处填介词，结合实际可知，每节课不是噩梦，所以此处指“像一场噩梦”，like“像”，介词，belike“像是”，符合语境。故填like。17．punish【详解】句意：他们通常不给我定规矩，因为我是个好女儿，他们从不惩罚我。根据“Theydon’tusuallysetrulesforme,andsinceI’magooddaughter,theynever...me.”可知，因为我是个好女儿，所以他们从不惩罚我，punish“惩罚”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填punish。18．directed【详解】句意：由张艺谋执导的历史电影《满江红》在中国电影界广受好评。根据“ThehistoricalmovieFullRiverRed,…byZhangYimou”可知，这部电影是由张艺谋导演的，direct“导演”，此句已有谓语动词hasreceived，此空应填过去分词directed作定语，故填directed。19．for【详解】句意：我以前上课从来没有迟到过。分析句子，再结合句意，可知空处为短语belatefor，表示“迟到”。故填for。20．accident/chance【详解】句意：——大火有什么线索吗？——警方证实这所房子起火是故意的，而不是偶然的。根据“thehousecaughtfirebydesignratherthanby”可知，此处指着火是故意的，而非偶然的，byaccident/chance“偶然地，意外地”。故填accident/chance。21．valuable【详解】句意：时间比金钱更宝贵。你可以得到更多的金钱，但是你不能得到更多的时间。根据“Youcangetmoremoney,butyoucan’tgetmoretime.”可知，此处表示时间比金钱更宝贵，valuable“宝贵的”，多音节形容词，比较级为morevaluable。故填valuable。22．kick【详解】句意：杰克的老板决定开除他因为他总是上班迟到。根据“becausehe’salwayslateforwork”可知，老板决定开除杰克。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”；kicksb.off“开除某人”。故填kick。23．alive/safe【详解】句意：地震发生后，我们很高兴看到所有村民都活着/安全。根据“Aftertheearthquake,wewerehappytoseeallthevillagers…”可知地震后，看到所有的村民都活着/安全很开心，作be动词的表语用形容词alive“活着的”/safe“安全的”。故填alive/safe。24．preferred【详解】句意：昨天雪这么大，我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。短语prefertodoratherthando“宁愿做……不愿做……”，根据“yesterday”可知要用一般过去时，故填preferred。25．capital【详解】句意：北京是中国的首都。它变得越来越美了。根据“Beijingisthe…ofChina.”可知，北京是中国的首都。capital“首都”，故填capital。四、根据句意及音标填空。26．knowledge【详解】句意：他的音乐知识是很渊博的。根据音标提示可知英文表达为knowledge，意为“知识”，故填knowledge。27．impolite【详解】句意：有时，对于我们来说问一个直接的问题是不礼貌的。根据音标提示可知英文表达为impolite，意为“不礼貌的”，形容词作表语，故填impolite。28．tiny【详解】句意：裙子上装饰了彩色的小花。根据音标可知，此空为tiny，表示“小的”。故填tiny。29．painful【详解】句意：那样的话勾起了痛苦的回忆。根据提示音标可知，其英文表达为painful“痛苦的”，形容词作定语。故填painful。30．thirsty【详解】句意：她厌倦了自己的生活，对外面的世界充满了渴望。根据音标“/'θɜːstɪ/”可知，此处单词为thirsty“渴望，渴求”。故填thirsty。能力提升练一、完形填空。【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．C5．C6．B7．A8．C9．D10．C11．A12．B13．A14．D15．B【主旨】本文主要讲述了父亲通过铅笔的故事告诉作者一些人生道理，鼓励作者继续前行。【详解】1．句意：所以，他是一个几乎没有受过教育的普通人。with有；about关于；under在……下面；during在……期间。根据“Hehasnevergonetoschool.”可知，此处是指父亲几乎没有受过教育，withlittleeducation“几乎没受过教育”，故选A。2．句意：但他会通过故事教育我和妹妹。her她；him他；me我；us我们。根据“Buthewouldteachmysisterand...”可知，是指我的妹妹和我，故选C。3．句意：在我要去上大学之前的一天，他坐下来，从口袋里拿出一支铅笔。pen钢笔；pencil铅笔；rubber橡皮；ruler尺子。根据后文的“pencil”可知，此处是指拿出一支铅笔，故选B。4．句意：在你走向社会之前，你需要知道四件事。two二；three三；four四；five五。根据后文“First...Second...Third...Andfourth”可知，是指需要知道四件事，故选C。5．句意：记住它们，你就能成为最好的人。but但是；or或者；and和；though虽然。根据“Rememberthem,...youwillbethebestpersonyoucanbe.”可知，句子前后是顺承关系，用and连接。故选C。6．句意：我们知道，为了成为一支有用的铅笔，它必须不时地被削尖。careful小心的；useful有用的；awful糟糕的；colorful丰富多彩的。根据“inordertobecomea(n)...pencil,fromtimetotime,ithastogothroughbeingsharpened”可知，铅笔被削尖是为了变得有用。故选B。7．句意：如果这支铅笔有感觉，我们可以想象那会有多痛。feel感觉；shape塑造；insist坚持；cancel取消。根据“wecouldimaginehowpainfulthatwouldbe”及前文说要削尖铅笔可知，是指我们在削尖铅笔的时候，如果铅笔能够感觉到，它应该是会很痛苦的。故选A。8．句意：但这就是它成为一支有用的铅笔的方式。what什么；whom谁；how如何；which哪一个。根据“that’s...itbecomesausefulpencil”及前文可知，削尖铅笔，是铅笔变得有用的方式，用how引导表语从句。故选C。9．句意：没有人能一直快乐地度过一生。quickly快地；closely紧密地；usually通常；happily快乐地。根据“Painfulexperiencesanddifficultiescometousall.”可知，是指没人能一直快乐地度过一生。故选D。10．句意：但我们通过这些机会塑造了自己的个性，成长了。guard保卫；guess猜测；grow成长；greet问候。根据“webuildourpersonalities...throughthesechances”可知，我们也通过这些机会成长了。故选C。11．句意：如果我们从错误中吸取教训，那就不是错误了。learn学习；record记录；charge控告；attack攻击。根据“fromourmistakes”可知，是指从错误中学习。故选A。12．句意：我们可以利用这些经验教训，下次做得更好。higher更高地；better更好地；farther更远地；earlier更早地。根据“Wecanusethelessonstodo...”可知，是指利用这些经验教训下次做得更好。故选B。13．句意：你在书写自己的故事。writing写；thinking思考；reporting报告；covering覆盖。根据“Don’tbeafraidandneverstopwriting.”可知，你在书写自己的故事。故选A。14．句意：第四，永远记住你最重要的部分是你的内在。difficult困难的；comfortable舒服的；hard-working勤奋的；important重要的。根据“Apencilisuselesswithoutit’sinnerpart.”可知，是指内在是最重要的。故选D。15．句意：当我在生活中感到悲伤的时候，我就会想起父亲的话。sister’s妹妹的；father’s父亲的；mother’s母亲的；brother’s兄弟的。根据前文内容可知，父亲通过铅笔的故事告诉作者一些人生哲理，因此此处是指想起父亲的话。故选B。二、阅读理解。【答案】16．C17．A18．B19．B20．C【主旨】本文是关于“家庭作业”这个话题对几位学生的采访。【详解】16．细节理解题。根据“Inordertoknowwhatkindofhomeworkkidsshoulddoandhowmuchkidsneed,themagazineinterviewedseveralkids.”可知关于“家庭作业得情况”，杂志做了一个采访。故选C。17．细节理解题。根据Karen,9“Kidsneedhomework.”可知Karen支持做家庭作业。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据“Whenthereistoomuchhomework,studentsdopoorlyinhomework.”可知，作业太多时，学生的作业会做得很差。故选B。19．细节理解题。根据Robert,8“Middleandhighschoolstudentscandomorehomework