新课标2025版高中英语Unit1AlandofdiversitySectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage课时作业新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE1SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.单词拼法1．HeflewtoEuropeviatheNorthPole.2．AssoonasI'dgotthroughcustoms(海关)Ifeltathome.3．Herparentsarebothsocialists(社会主义者)．4．Hereportedonthewholeeventtothevice(副的)primer.5．Gostraightaheadandturnleftatthesecondcrossing(十字路口)．6．Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongneverevenoccurredtoher.7．Therewereover500applicants(申请人)forthejob.8．Mylittlenephew(侄子)isverynaughty.Ⅱ.完成句子1．艾丽丝好像根本不来参与晚会。ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.2．据报道中国又胜利地放射了一颗人造地球卫星进入轨道。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman­madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.3．你是赢是输都无所谓。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouwinorlose.4．他们有可能提前完成任务吗？Itispossiblethattheymaycompletethetaskaheadoftime?5．今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.Ⅲ.完形填空Manyyearsago,whenIwasinhighschoolandworkingonweekends,Ilostmywallet.After1.Bmyoldcar,Ipaid,andleftmywalletatthegasstation.Ihadn't2.BhadtimetorealizeIhadlostitwhenmyphonerang.Aman3.CifIhadlostmywallet.I4.Dmypurseandtomyhorror，Ihad.Heaskedmeto5.Bhimwhatwasinit.Ididso.Hethentoldme6.Atopickupmywallet.WhenI7.Chishouse,Inoticedawheelchairandtheramp(坡道)goinguptothehouse.Ithoughtthatitmighthavebeen8.Dforhimtolowerhisbodyand9.Bmywallet.Iknockedonthe10.Aandhetoldmetocomein.Ithankedhimforfindingmywallet.WhileIdidn'twanttoinsult(羞辱)himbyoffering11.C，Ireallyfeltlikeofferingsomething.12.DIaskedhimiftherewasanythingIcoulddotorepayhis13.B，andhesaid“Justpassiton”．IsaidIwouldbe14.Atodothat.IwasraisedtobehonestinanycaseandIwouldhavedoneso,15.CpromisingthisfellowIwould，butIwantedtorepayhiskindness，soI16.DIwould.10yearslaterIfounda17.Alyingontheground.Ittookmeseveraldaystofindthe18.D.Helivedinanotherstate,about60milesawayfromwhereIfoundthewallet.Whenhecalledmeback，we19.Btomeet，soIcouldreturnhiswallet.Hewasactually20.Callhismoneywasstillinthewalletandhetriedtohandmea$20bill.Itoldhim“Thanks,butjustpassiton”．文章大意：作者丢失了自己的钱包，一位好心的残疾人捡到之后主动交给了作者，当作者提出要感谢这位残疾人时，这位残疾人只说了一句话：“把这个传统持续下去。”作者在以后的生活中始终是这样做的。1．A．burning B．fuelingC．selling D．repairing解析：依据此句的“atthegasstation”可知作者是开车去加油了。2．A．just B．evenC．never D．always解析：作者丢失了钱包是一件糟糕的事情，更坏的是假如不是别人打电话来，他连自己丢失了钱包的事情也不知道。3．A．telegraphed B．doubtedC．asked D．knew解析：依据常理，对方捡了一个钱包确定会问作者是不是丢了一个钱包。4．A．bought B．tookC．stored D．checked解析：前面提到作者根本不知道自己丢了钱包，因此对方提出此问题时，他核实了一下自己是否丢了钱包。5．A．cover B．tellC．fetch D．refuse解析：对方想弄清晰作者是不是钱包的真正主子，因此他要作者说出钱包里有什么。6．A．where B．whenC．why D．whether解析：对方告知作者在哪里可以领到自己的钱包。7．A．examined B．appreciatedC．reached D．visited解析：这里是强调作者到达了(reach)对方的家中。8．A．tired B．anxiousC．easy D．difficult解析：作者看到了轮椅和坡道，因此他推断这个人很可能是一个残疾人，因此作者想到对于一个残疾人来说要捡起一个钱包是一件特别困难的事情。9．A．giveup B．pickupC．holdup D．takeup解析：pickup意为“捡起”，这个意思和语境相符。10．A．door B．tableC．wall D．wheelchair解析：依据此空后面的“hetoldmetocomein”可知作者是在敲门。11．A．service B．wineC．money D．help解析：依据常理别人把丢失的钱包还给自己，通常表示感谢的方式是给对方一些钱。12．A．Otherwise B．InsteadC．But D．So解析：“不想把钱给他以免羞辱他”和“问他是否做一些什么事来报答他”是一种因果关系，因此用so。13．A．support B．kindnessC．food D．treatment解析：依据常理可知一个人把捡到的钱包还给别人是一种友好的行为。14．A．certain B．freeC．unable D．unwilling解析：作者特别感谢这个残疾人，因此确定会信誓旦旦地保证自己确定会这样做。15．A．by B．inC．without D．for解析：前面提到作者是在一个诚恳的环境中长大的，因此他说即使不对这个人作出承诺他也会这么做的。16．A．hoped B．repeatedC．thought D．promised解析：前面几句都提到了作者作出了承诺(promise)。17．A．wallet B．cardC．package D．cellphone解析：依据下文可知作者捡到了一个钱包。18．A．balance B．bossC．policeman D．owner解析：捡到钱包后作者确定是找寻钱包的主子了。19．A．preferred B．agreedC．failed D．started解析：两人互通电话后同意在一个地方见面。20．A．worried B．puzzledC．surprised D．satisfied解析：作者捡到这个人的钱包，然后完璧归赵，因此对方感到特别惊异。Ⅳ.阅读理解A(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself，quietlyreadinghere­bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading？Noneofyourbusiness！LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans，she'snotalone.Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，”shesaid.Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideo­grapher，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(沟通)．“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek，”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself­reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemeritt，whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜爱独自一人吃饭，他们喜爱这种独处带来的自由。1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about？BA．Foodvariety. B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners. D．Restaurantservice.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查，故答案为B。2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch？CA．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Ijustwantedsometimetomyself(我只是想给自己一点儿时间)”可知，Bechtel更喜爱出去吃午饭的缘由是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny？DA．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.解析：推理推断题。依据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段，“...chatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst­namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.”中的beonafirst­namebasis的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？AA．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself­reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.解析：主旨大意题。依据第一、三、四段的例子，其次段的数据以及最终一段中的第一句“Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.”再次提及的eatalone可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经渐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。B(2024·浙江卷)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。调查表明，加利福尼亚州的大树变少了，而气候改变是其中的一个主要因素。5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？AA．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.解析：主旨大意题。其次段中通过列举一系列数字表明，加利福尼亚州的大树削减的严峻性，故A项正确。6．Whichofthefollowingi